Ecology and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Evidence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation in Longleaf Pine Savanna Understories","authors":"Alyssa L. Young,&nbsp;Kathryn J. Bloodworth,&nbsp;Page A. Turner,&nbsp;Sally E. Koerner","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71836","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to anthropogenic pressures, only 3% of the historic extent of the biodiverse longleaf pine ecosystem remains, much of which is degraded. Fire is necessary for maintaining longleaf pine savanna structure, function, and biodiversity; however, it also creates resource constraints, as nutrients are volatilized, especially in the already nutrient-depleted soils of many longleaf pine savannas. Nutrient limitation and subsequent competition between plants can lead to changes in species diversity and productivity. Using a multiyear, chronic nutrient addition experiment, we explore how resource limitation influences restoration outcomes in longleaf pine savannas by affecting (1) productivity, (2) biodiversity metrics, and (3) community composition. In the field, we established a factorial N and P nutrient addition (10 g m⁻¹ year⁻¹) experiment. Nutrient additions were administered for 4 years, and plant composition and biomass were collected yearly. We measured biomass each year by functional group and calculated diversity metrics and community composition changes. Understory productivity typically increased with N and P additions, with N × P together having no additive effect. There were several significant interacting effects of nutrient addition treatments with year on our biodiversity metrics; however, the main nutrient addition effects were not significant for any biodiversity metric. Finally, community composition was significantly different in nutrient addition plots compared to control. Our results show that xeric Sandhill longleaf pine savannas exhibit distinct responses to fertilization, as fertilization led to increased productivity of the groundcover without reducing biodiversity. Low-level, chronic nutrient inputs could influence understory structure in ways that help meet numerous management objectives, such as promoting fire spread or increasing forage availability. However, this may also present challenges, such as encouraging woody encroachment or threatening rare species. Our findings highlight the need for context-specific approaches to longleaf pine savanna management and a careful evaluation of how nutrient dynamics interact with long-term conservation and restoration goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.71836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Declines of the Oriental Magpie Pica serica (Corvidae) in the Saga Plain, Japan: Relationships With Land Use Patterns, Nesting Sites, and Breeding Success","authors":"Takuho Nagafuchi,&nbsp;Yasue Bussaka,&nbsp;Makihiko Ikegami,&nbsp;Kao Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Makoto Tokuda","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban areas are hotspots of biological invasions where land use and other factors are associated with the success of non-native species. Non-native species alter their habits during the process of adapting to new environments, making them important subjects for studying organismal environmental adaptation. The Oriental Magpie <i>Pica serica</i> was introduced and established a substantial population in the Saga Plain, Japan, from the Korean Peninsula, probably by the early 17th century. As an adaptation to urbanization, this species has gradually begun to prefer to nest on utility poles rather than trees since around the late 1970s, but has declined its population since the 1990s. In this study, we hypothesized that the recent magpie decline is related to the changes in land use patterns and that magpie density affects its breeding success. We investigated the nesting density of magpies in the Saga Plain and compared the density with previous surveys. In addition, we surveyed the breeding success in areas with low and high magpie densities. As a result, the magpie densities rapidly decreased from 2008 to 2019, whereas nesting rates on artificial structures increased significantly. In our analysis, building and farmland areas themselves had a positive effect on magpie density. Over the recent decade, the building area has increased, whereas the farmland has decreased in our census sites. Then the negative impacts of the farmland reduction were considered larger than the positive impacts of the increase in building areas. These suggest that urban developments critically affect the magpie decline. Breeding success rates were significantly higher in areas with high magpie density than in low-density areas. In low-density areas, success rates from egg hatch to fledging are significantly lower than in high-density areas, suggesting that low-density trends of magpies in most areas facilitate breeding failure and further negative impacts on the populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling Between Functional Diversity and Stability of Decomposer Functions in Natural and Agroecosystems Can Favor Resistance to Land-Use Change","authors":"Shamik Roy,&nbsp;Sumanta Bagchi","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functional diversity in producers and consumers can not only promote ecosystem functions but also impart additional desirable features, such as stability of functions and how they are translated into services. These connections between diversity, functions, and stability are seen across various natural ecosystems in the terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms. Yet, it remains challenging to extend these linkages to agroecosystems—because producers and consumers play widely different ecological roles here compared to natural ecosystems. Microbial decomposer functions, however, are common to both natural and agroecosystems. But the linkages between functional diversity in decomposers, their functions, and stability remain inadequately known. We take advantage of human land-use in the Trans-Himalayas where the natural reference grazing ecosystem with native plants and herbivores is repurposed into two distinct agroecosystems to grow livestock or crops. Here, we answer three questions: (a) whether land-use change alters the intensity of decomposer functions, (b) whether land-use change homogenizes decomposer functions, and (c) whether land-use change alters the stability of decomposer functions. Variation in decomposer functions was not attributable to background spatial autocorrelation or variation in edaphic conditions. We find that the intensity of the individual decomposer functions was higher under crops compared to the native state, but the intensity remained comparable under livestock. Land-use had no net effect on multifunctionality. The functional diversity was lower under crops and was comparable under livestock. We find that land-use did not affect the temporal stability of the decomposer biomass. Structural equation models further suggested that functional diversity is decoupled from the stability of decomposer biomass. These results indicate that decomposer functions can be resistant to change in land-use. Therefore, ecological resistance in decomposer functions can offer the basis for stewardship of agroecosystems since homogenization can result in ecosystems becoming more susceptible to environmental fluctuations, such as those foreseen by future climate projections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male Glow-Worms Combine Flying With Walking and Impede One Another in Their Scramble to Reach Females","authors":"Estelle M. Moubarak,&nbsp;Alan J. A. Stewart,&nbsp;Jeremy E. Niven","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For male glow-worms to achieve a mating, they must detect the bioluminescent glow emitted by females at night and subsequently reach them. Several aspects of male behaviour suggest they engage in scramble competition, with many males striving simultaneously to reach a female first and acquire a mating opportunity. Although male glow-worms fly during the initial stages of their search, little is known about the final stages of their approach, despite this potentially involving the most intense competition. In a laboratory arena, males combine walking with flying short distances to reach a dummy female (DF; green LED), though walking predominates. To determine if this was representative of behaviour in the field, we used infrared videography coupled with DF traps. Most males landed near a DF, thereafter walking or making short bounding flights to reach it. The time taken by males to reach the DF after their initial landing increased with increasing numbers of males in the vicinity. Combining a DF attached to a wire stand with infrared videography showed that during the final approach, males engage in frequent, typically brief interactions. Greater numbers of males in the vicinity reduced the rate at which they reached the DF. After reaching the DF, males frequently fell in clusters, ending their mating opportunity. Our results show that the final stage of the males' approach to a DF (and we infer to females) is dominated by walking and influenced by interactions with other males, consistent with features of scramble competition found in other polygynous insects, including fireflies. Our findings offer novel insights into the life history of male glow-worms and, more generally, features of scramble competition in insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genus-Scale Taxonomic Resolution Is Appropriate to Study Coral Demographics: A Case Study With Pocillopora","authors":"Wanchien Victoria Hsiao,&nbsp;Vianney Denis,&nbsp;Stéphane De Palmas,&nbsp;Maria Beger","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coral demography reveals how populations persist, recover and grow, offering key insights into individual responses to environmental variability and their role in shaping reef ecosystems. Taxonomy resolution strongly influences how these dynamics are interpreted, yet fine-scale distinction among scleractinian species remains unclear. Here, we examine the demographic performance of <i>Acropora</i>, <i>Pocillopora</i> and <i>Porites</i> corals at different taxonomic levels to identify the most appropriate resolution for studying coral population dynamics. In <i>Pocillopora</i>, growth did not differ among species or haplotypes, while survivorship varied among species but was also shaped by environmental factors. Comparison between the three genera revealed clear differences in both growth and survival, suggesting that genus-level and morphological resolution captures sufficient demographic information. Our results highlight the ecological relevance of taxonomic resolution and provide important insights into how population dynamics should be addressed to understand trends and responses to future climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connectivity of Coral Reefs Along the Kuroshio Current Calls for Transboundary Conservation Strategies","authors":"Naoki Saito,&nbsp;Akira Iguchi","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental conservation becomes more effective when ecological connectivity between patchy habitats is maintained. The coral reef ecosystems of the Yaeyama and Miyako Islands (YAE) in Japan are highly biodiverse and culturally significant but have deteriorated over recent decades. Although coral larvae are expected to be supplied to YAE via the Kuroshio Current from regions outside Japan, previous population genetic and biophysical studies have focused exclusively on connectivity among Japanese coral populations. In this study, we conducted biophysical modelling of 30 years of larval dispersal across the Northwest Pacific using Lagrangian particle tracking, aiming to identify major sources of coral larvae to YAE. The model showed that 86% of virtual larvae reaching YAE represented self-recruitment. Of the externally sourced virtual larvae, ~70% came from the Philippines, ~20% from Taiwan and only a few percent from Japan. The Kuroshio Current acted as a corridor facilitating dispersal from the northeast Philippines and eastern Taiwan, while simultaneously serving as a barrier to retrograde or transverse dispersal from northern Taiwan and Japan. These findings suggest that most externally supplied larvae to YAE originate from regions outside Japan, upstream of the Kuroshio Current. This study highlights that transboundary collaboration is crucial to understanding and maintaining connectivity between coral reef ecosystems along ocean currents.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit-Penetrating Ability is Associated With the Number of Modified Lateral Bristles in the Ovipositor of Drosophila suzukii","authors":"Madelein Sara Micaela Ortiz,&nbsp;L. Gandini,&nbsp;M. C. Sabio,&nbsp;L. E. Bennardo,&nbsp;L. M. Matzkin,&nbsp;E. Hasson,&nbsp;J. Hurtado","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In some insects, the evolution of herbivory was facilitated by the acquisition of specialized structures that confer adaptive advantages, allowing access to new ecological niches. A notable evolutionary innovation in <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> is the ovipositor, characterized by an arrangement of heavily sclerotized bristles aligned along the distal margins of the plates. This structure allows flies to pierce the skin of fruits, facilitating oviposition inside the fruit and consequently annulling the agricultural value of the fruit. However, the specific features of the ovipositor that underlie the ability to penetrate the fruit remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated variation in the number of modified lateral bristles (MLBs) and assessed whether this trait may affect the ability to penetrate the fruit skin during oviposition. Our study revealed remarkable intrapopulation variation, with a substantial proportion of the genetic variance being additive. We also performed selection experiments and were able to both increase and decrease the number of MLBs. Finally, oviposition assays showed that females with more MLBs produce more perforations in the skin of blueberries. Overall, these results suggest that MLBs may contribute to fruit-piercing ability during oviposition, and the substantial amount of additive genetic variance indicates that the number of MLBs can evolve. We highlight the importance of further studies to shed light on the subtleties of the genetic architecture of the trait.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental DNA Reveals the Fish Community Structure Exhibited Instability and Trend of Miniaturization in the Xijiang River Basin of the Guizhou","authors":"Xiuhui Ma,&nbsp;Fujiang Huang,&nbsp;Ruiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Tianhong Liu,&nbsp;Tianyang Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Zeng","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The seasonal monitoring of fish communities was conducted in the Xijiang River Basin of Guizhou Province using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding technology. A total of 97 fish species were identified during the 2023 survey, representing a detection rate of 61.94% compared to historical records. The findings demonstrated the following: (1) Fish communities exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, with species diversity and composition varying seasonally and spatially; (2) human activities, such as reservoir construction, have led to the potential trend toward miniaturization of fish populations and pose a severe threat to the survival of indigenous species; (3) water <i>NH</i>_<i>3</i><i>-N</i>, <i>altitude,</i> and <i>pH</i> emerged as the key environmental factors influencing community structure. This research elucidated the dynamic characteristics of riverine fish communities in karst mountainous regions and provided a scientific foundation for the adaptive management of river basin ecosystems. Furthermore, this study represents the validation of eDNA technology's monitoring efficiency in karst areas characterized by complex geographical environments, thereby confirming its application value in assessing biodiversity in mountainous aquatic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.71825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Chloroplast Genome of Enkianthus Lour. (Ericaceae): Comparative Analysis, Phylogenetic Relationships, Divergence History, and Adaptive Evolution","authors":"Shuilian Peng,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhai,&nbsp;Wan Hu,&nbsp;Hua Liang,&nbsp;Yi Yang,&nbsp;Yixuan Kou,&nbsp;Meixia Wang,&nbsp;Shanmei Cheng,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhang,&nbsp;Dengmei Fan","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Enkianthus</i> (Ericaceae) is a small genus of great ornamental and ecological importance, preferring the specialized habitats in montane elfin forests of east Asia. Here, we for the first time sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete chloroplast genomes of 16 species, representing all four sections of <i>Enkianthus</i>. The plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure and were highly conserved in genome size, organization, and gene content. Plastid phylogenomics confirmed the monophyly of four sections of <i>Andromedina</i>, <i>Enkiantella</i>, <i>Enkianthus</i>, and <i>Meisteria</i>, with sect. <i>Enkianthus</i> as the first diverging clade. Divergence time analysis supported an ancient origin of <i>Enkianthus</i> at the Late Cretaceous but rapid recent radiation since the Lat-Miocene onward. Selection pressure analysis detected 12 positively selected genes, which might be linked to adaptive evolution in <i>Enkianthus</i>. These results will provide invaluable information for further population-level studies on species delimitation and adaptive evolution in <i>Enkianthus</i>, and will benefit <i>Enkianthus</i> conservation and utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting Through the Heat: How Male Aggression Influences Demography Under Recurrent Heatwaves","authors":"Neelam Porwal,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Parrett,&nbsp;Agnieszka Szubert-Kruszyńska,&nbsp;Neha Pandey,&nbsp;Robert J. Knell,&nbsp;Tom C. Cameron,&nbsp;Jacek Radwan","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexual selection is a potent evolutionary force that can enhance adaptation and reduce mutational load, while simultaneously reducing survival, or causing sexual conflict that reduces fitness of one or both sexes. Many populations face extreme, short-term stress events like heatwaves. The combined effects of sexual and environmental selection on population demography during and after such events remain poorly understood, even though such combined effects could be crucial for the persistence of small, endangered populations under climate change. In this study, we investigated how male aggression affects survival in a population during environmental stress. This was done by manipulating the expression of an aggressive male fighter morph in small populations of the male-dimorphic mite <i>Sancassania berlesei,</i> using pheromonal cues from high-density populations. We then exposed some of these populations to recurrent periods of extreme heat and monitored survival over eight generations. We found that heat exposure reduced survival, more severely in females than in males, and survival was lower in populations with higher fighter prevalence, but there was no interaction between temperature and fighter prevalence. Furthermore, survival declined across generations, and the decline was steeper in populations with lower prevalence of fighters, leading to the loss of their initial survival advantage by the last generation. Three populations exposed to heat went extinct from the reduced fighter expression regime. Our findings imply that despite its cost to individual survival, male aggression does not exacerbate population sensitivity to heatwaves over generations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mortality costs of male aggression are gradually compensated over successive generations, which could be a result of a more effective purging of inbreeding depression. Thus, while the additive effect of aggression and heatwaves on survival may increase demographic risks for bottlenecked populations in the short term, sexual selection may increase the resilience of populations to prolonged bottlenecks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}