Ecology and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Aboveground Biomass and Importance Value of Constructive Species in Desert Steppe Are Co-Regulated by Grazing Intensity and Climate","authors":"Aimin Zhu,&nbsp;Qian Wu,&nbsp;Guodong Han,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Bingying Wang,&nbsp;Yan Yang,&nbsp;Ruixia Wang,&nbsp;Lanhua Wu","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Constructive species are the creators and constructors of plant communities, exerting significant control over community structure and environmental formation. This study investigates the effects of grazing intensity on the biomass and importance value of the constructive species in a desert steppe and its contribution to community biomass. This study conducted a 5-year monitoring on a long-term grazing experimental platform in desert grasslands. The experiment set four grazing intensities, and from May to September each year, the aboveground biomass, plant height, density, and community biomass of the community were measured. Results showed that different grazing intensities altered the importance value and aboveground biomass of <i>Stipa breviflora</i>, which were regulated by rainfall and temperature during the growing season. In years with higher rainfall, the importance value was relatively low, whereas in years with higher average growing season temperatures, the importance value was higher. In dry years with less rainfall and higher temperatures, the importance value of <i>S. breviflora</i> under moderate and heavy grazing approached 1, significantly greater than that under control and light grazing. The effects of grazing intensity on biomass varied across years. In the wet year of 2016, aboveground standing crop increased with grazing intensity, while in dry years (2017) and average rainfall years (2018 and 2019), the trend reversed. Furthermore, compared to the control, light, moderate, and heavy grazing increased the contribution rate of <i>S. breviflora</i> aboveground biomass to community biomass. The study concludes that constructive species in desert steppes exhibit greater adaptability and growth advantages under the dual pressures of climate variability and grazing, which intensifies competition with other plants and makes the desert steppe more vulnerable. This phenomenon intensifies with increasing grazing intensity. Therefore, the study suggests that light grazing management in desert steppes is beneficial for adapting to future climate variability and challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A La Carte Seed Harvesting: Messor barbarus Ants Select Durum Wheat Genotypes","authors":"Clément Plessis,&nbsp;Aline Rocher,&nbsp;Frédéric Compan,&nbsp;Jonathan Romiguier,&nbsp;Jacques David,&nbsp;Hélène Fréville","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72251","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biotic interactions between plants and insects can drive key evolutionary processes. In Mediterranean agroecosystems, the harvester ants <i>Messor barbarus</i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) frequently collect seeds, including those of cultivated cereals. Yet their potential role in shaping crop traits remains poorly understood. This study investigates whether harvester ant seed predation is driven by genetic and phenotypic variation in durum wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> ssp. <i>durum</i>), a major Mediterranean crop derived from wild emmer (<i>T. turgidum</i> ssp. <i>dicoccoides</i>). Using a panel of 180 genetically diverse durum wheat inbred lines grown in a field experiment, we visually recorded spike predation and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using SNP markers to assess the genetic architecture of susceptibility to seed predation by <i>M. barbarus</i>. We identified a significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 2A explaining 21% of the variation in predation rate. This region contains a 3.6 Mb chromosomal inversion and 46 candidate genes, including a MYB transcription factor potentially involved in regulating cuticle and chemical traits. To validate these genetic findings, we conducted a cafeteria experiment with 208 spikes from 26 genotypes, placed at the entrances of eight ant nests. Ants preferentially removed spikes from genotypes carrying the allele identified in the GWAS. Additionally, shorter spikes were more likely to be harvested. However, unlike previous studies on wild plants, seed morphology and protein content did not significantly affect ant preference. <i>Synthesis</i>. Our results demonstrate that <i>M. barbarus</i> exhibits genotype-specific preferences in durum wheat, associated with a major QTL, and is influenced by spike traits. This study provides the first evidence of ant-mediated selective pressure in a cereal crop and opens new perspectives on plant–insect dynamics in agroecosystems and the role of plant–insect interactions in the evolutionary history of crop species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Habitat Suitability and Connectivity of Black Storks in China: Integrating Species Distribution Models and Landscape Connectivity Analysis","authors":"Zhiheng Zhang,&nbsp;Jinyu Yang,&nbsp;Xiaohan Yu,&nbsp;Yuerong Jia,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Dongmei Wan","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The black stork (<i>Ciconia nigra</i>), recognized as a wetland umbrella species and biological indicator, plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance and biodiversity conservation. However, the black stork faces significant threats from habitat fragmentation and degradation. This study employed the MaxEnt model and landscape connectivity analysis to evaluate suitable habitats for black storks in China, design an ecological corridor network, and identify key ecological nodes. The findings reveal that areas of high habitat suitability are primarily located in North China, the northwestern region of Xinjiang, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The ecological corridor network connects regions between North China and the Yangtze River Basin, forming a rectangular network with vertices in Gansu-Qinghai, Shanxi-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the lower Yangtze, and Sichuan-Yunnan Province, respectively, totaling 28,312 km in length. Additionally, four ecological nodes requiring priority protection and management were identified. The study proposes conservation strategies that improve habitat connectivity and ecological functionality to ensure the long-term stability of black stork populations. Such strategies include prioritizing the protection of highly suitable habitats (e.g., in Shanxi and Hebei), enhancing ecological restoration in the Hexi Corridor, and strengthening the conservation and management of nature reserves by improving ecological connectivity, clarifying functional zoning, and enhancing monitoring and enforcement capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berries to Go: Distinct Passerine Spring Migration Frugivory at a Main Mediterranean Stopover Site","authors":"Julia Slezacek,&nbsp;Benjamin Kostner,&nbsp;Chiara Agabiti,&nbsp;Massimiliano Cardinale,&nbsp;Leonida Fusani","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many animals show phenotypic flexibility in response to a seasonal environment. Especially migratory birds have been found to exhibit striking physiological and behavioural adaptations to overcome the negative impacts of environmental seasonality. Migratory songbirds often show extreme changes in feeding physiology and behaviour before embarking on a migratory flight, including predominantly insectivorous species switching their diet preference to a frugivorous one before autumn migration. Yet, little is known about frugivory during spring migration in temperate zones. In this paper, we report that five songbird species forage on the fruits of two Mediterranean plants, <i>Prasium majus</i> and <i>Rhamnus alaternus,</i> during spring stopover in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Analyses of faecal content showed that fruits of <i>P. majus</i> were generally preferred, with garden warblers (<i>Sylvia borin</i>) having the highest percentage of faecal samples containing seeds of both plants. Availability of ripe <i>P. majus</i> fruits increased over the sampling season and correlated positively with the number of faecal samples containing seeds. Our findings reveal a relevance of fruit at a temperate zone stopover site during spring migration for five passerine species. Frugivory during spring migration may represent an easy means for birds to acquire macronutrients, micronutrients and water. This may be especially important at resource-poor stopover sites and may aid birds' continuation of the northward flight towards their breeding grounds in a timely manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carryover Effects of Thermal Conditions on Tick Survival, Behavior, and Simulated Detectability","authors":"Daniel S. Marshall,&nbsp;Karen C. Poh,&nbsp;Jeb P. Owen","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carryover effects occur when environmental history of an organism influences its behavior, fitness, and population dynamics. Carryover effects have received some attention in the field of vector-borne disease ecology but are understudied in the context of ticks and tick-borne pathogen transmission where they may influence tick–host contact, pathogen transmission, and tick surveillance. Using controlled lab studies, we investigated how recent thermal history affects mortality and activity of adult <i>Amblyomma americanum</i>, an emerging vector of human and animal pathogens. To characterize thermal carryover effects on tick detection, we used our laboratory data to parameterize a simulation of tick trapping in the field. Ticks exposed to warm conditions for 4 weeks subsequently exhibited an increased mortality rate and heightened activity levels (as measured by time spent moving and distance moved in 24 h) that declined over time compared to ticks with cool thermal histories that had a lower mortality rate and maintained steady activity levels over time. Past thermal conditions had carryover effects on tick detection with simulated trapping. Early in the simulation (Days 0–8) ticks with a warm history were detected at higher rates due to carryover effects on tick movement. Later in the simulation (Days 10–20) ticks with a cool history were detected at higher rates due to a combination of carryover effects on movement and mortality. These findings demonstrate short-term thermal carryover effects on adult <i>A. americanum</i> that have implications for tick surveillance and tick-borne pathogen risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Spiders and Their Microbiomes: Patterns of Microbial Variation in Native and Invasive Species in Hawai'i","authors":"Madison J. Pfau,&nbsp;Sven Weber,&nbsp;Susan Kennedy,&nbsp;Henrik Krehenwinkel,&nbsp;George Roderick,&nbsp;Rosemary Gillespie","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species can have detrimental impacts on the community structure and native species persistence, causing cascading impacts on ecosystem function. These effects are amplified in remote island ecosystems that are characterized by non-representative and often diverse biota. The mechanisms behind successful invasions, particularly of arthropods, are varied, but growing evidence suggests that invasive species escape from their native predators and competitors. Recent research has suggested that gut microbiota can play an important role in arthropod fitness, with vertically transmitted endosymbionts and horizontally acquired microbes performing different functions. Here, we explored the extent to which the microbiome may facilitate the ability of spiders to exploit and ultimately adapt to novel environments. We examined co-occurring pairs of native and invasive spiders across three locations in the Hawaiian Islands and compared them with mainland counterparts to test two core predictions: (1) gut microbiota would be shaped primarily by local environmental filters rather than invasion status, and (2) vertically transmitted endosymbionts would show stronger host-specificity and reduced diversity in invasives. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we found that the site explained 11.7% of gut-microbial compositional variance compared to 6.5% for host species. These results suggest that each spider maintains a species-specific level of α-diversity but reassembles taxonomic composition according to local microbial pools, thus indicating high context dependence in environmental filtering. Invasive species were found to have a lower relative abundance of gut endosymbiont taxa, with one species, <i>Badumna longinqua</i>, showing little to no endosymbiont presence across sites, and the other, <i>Steatoda grossa</i>, exhibiting low but site-specific abundance. We observed a strong localization effect, suggesting that these endosymbionts are also being acquired from local environments, not carried from ancestral ranges. These results suggest host–symbiont interactions have differential impacts on native and invasive species and that microbiota may facilitate the success of spiders in novel environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy Height and Epiphytic Bryophytes Shape Fungal Communities in a Temperate Rainforest","authors":"Laurel Renee Humphreys,&nbsp;Jane M. Lucas,&nbsp;Michelle Elise Spicer","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72241","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal communities contribute to plant ecology and evolution in forested ecosystems. Their diverse interactions with associated host plants can vary along abiotic and biotic gradients, but these gradients are poorly understood in complex natural ecosystems. Given the high diversity of epiphytic plants in many ecosystems, forest canopies offer a unique and underexplored system for studying plant-associated microbial diversity and distribution. We explored both abiotic and biotic factors structuring arboreal fungal communities. Specifically, we hypothesized that bryophyte-associated fungal communities are structured by the vertical height gradient within host trees (from the ground to high in the canopy), vary across host plant species, and that living bryophytes host distinct fungal communities compared to dead bryophyte matter. To test these hypotheses, we sampled living and dead bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) across three different bryophyte host species and four heights, ranging from the forest floor to 18 m above the ground. We characterized the fungal community composition in each sample using metabarcoding. Fungal communities showed significant variation across substrates: bryophytes collected from the ground exhibited 17% greater Shannon diversity and 34% higher taxonomic richness than epiphytic bryophytes, while living bryophytes had 15% higher diversity and 30% greater richness than dead tissues. This pattern suggests that the diverse microhabitats within living bryophytes may drive microbial diversity. Community analysis identified a core fungal community across living bryophyte samples, but rare taxa accounted for a majority of reads, driving differences in community composition between different heights and bryophyte species. Synthesis: Epiphytic bryophyte-associated fungal communities show high heterogeneity across different substrates and heights, which provides insight into the structuring of the forest microbiome and epiphyte ecology. These results demonstrate the importance of exploring canopy-associated microbes to better understand microbial diversity and function in forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors of NPP in Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Bo Xie,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Han Fan,&nbsp;Mingming Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Karst ecosystems are ecologically fragile and highly sensitive to climate change. This study explored the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of net primary productivity (NPP) in Guizhou Province, a typical karst region in Southwest China, from 2000 to 2020. By integrating multisource geospatial datasets, we employed comprehensive spatiotemporal analytical methods including Sen + Mann-Kendall trend analysis, Hurst index, and coefficient of variation, complemented by correlation analysis and the geographic detector modeling. Key findings reveal: (1) A significant upward trend in NPP with an interannual variation of 3.65 g C m⁻² a⁻¹ and a multiyear average of 785.47 g C m⁻² a⁻¹; (2) Distinct spatial heterogeneity showing southern high-value zones contrasting with lower values in northern, eastern, and western regions, with 45.76% of areas demonstrating significant positive NPP trends; the overall volatility is stable; (3) Driving mechanism analysis identifies precipitation, soil moisture, and population density as dominant factors, with anthropogenic influences exhibiting increasing temporal dominance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat Response Variability: Modeling Predictions Display the Expansion–Contraction Scenario of Two Chinese Endangered Cheirotonus Beetles Under Climate Change","authors":"Hao Yu,&nbsp;Ya-gang Shen,&nbsp;Jafir Muhammad,&nbsp;Muzamil Abbas,&nbsp;Yang Cheng,&nbsp;Xia Wan","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predicting the potential adaptation zones of <i>Cheirotonus gestroi</i> Pouillaude and <i>Cheirotonus jansoni</i> Jordan under the influence of climate change is essential for understanding their geographical distribution and informing effective species conservation strategies. Species distribution models (SDMs), particularly the MaxEnt model, enable researchers to estimate habitat suitability based on current and future environmental conditions. In this study, we employed the optimized MaxEnt model in combination with ArcGIS software to predict suitable habitats under both present and future climate scenarios (2050s and 2070s), and to identify key environmental variables influencing their geographical distribution. For <i>C. jansoni</i>, the influential factors were temperature seasonality (bio4; 31.8%), Elevation (Elev; 28.8%), and precipitation of the driest month (bio14; 24.2%). Currently, its suitable habitats are mainly located in the southeastern part of China, including Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hainan, and Taiwan. Habitat suitability for this species is projected to expand under most climate change scenarios. Conversely, the distribution of <i>C. gestroi</i> is primarily shaped by Isothermality (bio3; 68.4%), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; 19.5%) and Temperature annual range (bio7; 11.7%). This species' suitable habitats are currently concentrated in Yunnan province in southwestern China, with a predicted contraction in habitat range under future climate conditions. The MaxEnt model predictions reveal clear differences in the ecological niches and habitat preferences of these two beetle species, indicating that <i>C. jansoni</i> exhibits greater environmental adaptability compared to <i>C. gestroi</i>. These findings offer valuable insights for developing targeted monitoring and conservation strategies for these endangered beetles in the face of ongoing climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low pH Does Not Impact Reproductive Success but Leads to Negative Carry-Over Effects Between Parents and Larvae in a Mediterranean Gastropod","authors":"Sanja Grđan,&nbsp;Sam Dupont,&nbsp;Luka Glamuzina,&nbsp;Ana Bratoš Cetinić","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72254","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how marine organisms respond to ocean acidification across all life stages is essential for assessing the future resilience of ecosystems. We investigated the effects of long-term exposure to low pH conditions (pH_T ranging from 7.95 to 7.22) on the reproductive traits and intracapsular development of <i>Hexaplex trunculus</i>, a predatory Mediterranean gastropod. Spawning success, fecundity, and capsule morphology were not affected by pH. However, larval development was significantly impaired at pH_T lower than 7.51, with observed delayed development and fewer larvae developing successfully to the hatchling stage. Cross-transplantation of spawns between pHs indicated a negative carryover effect of parental exposure to low pH on larval development, although this was partially reversible when spawns were transferred back to the ambient pH. Notably, we observed inter-individual variability in larval growth, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity or genotype-specific tolerance may play a role in moderating sensitivity to future ocean acidification. Our study highlights the importance of considering parental exposure, natural pH variability, and within-population variation when assessing species responses to global drivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}