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The Economic and Epidemiological Impact of COVID-19 and Government Policies: Part I COVID-19的经济和流行病学影响及政府政策:第一部分
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/es.2021.14
Matthew Famiglietti, Fernando Leibovici
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Global Value Chains During COVID-19: Part 2 重新思考2019冠状病毒病期间的全球价值链:第二部分
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/es.2021.17
Ana Maria Santacreu, J. LaBelle
{"title":"Rethinking Global Value Chains During COVID-19: Part 2","authors":"Ana Maria Santacreu, J. LaBelle","doi":"10.20955/es.2021.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/es.2021.17","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research shows that GVCs played a large role in the propagation of foreign shocks on U.S. industries.","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82322559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Putting Recent Inflation in Historical Context 把最近的通货膨胀放在历史背景下看
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/ES.2021.12
Matthew Famiglietti, Carlos Garriga
{"title":"Putting Recent Inflation in Historical Context","authors":"Matthew Famiglietti, Carlos Garriga","doi":"10.20955/ES.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/ES.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"report caused some consternation in financial markets. Headline inflation for April was 4.2 percent, which is a significant overshoot of the Federal Reserve’s (Fed’s) stated average inflation target of 2.0 percent. Although the Fed uses a personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation target, CPI inflation is highly correlated with that PCE target and is seen as a leading indicator of PCE inflation.1 Policymakers acknowledge that the April inflation report is likely picking up transitory effects, as April 2021 prices are compared with April 2020 prices; these were depressed during the height of the pandemic, especially for items such as restaurants, fuel, and hotels. However, the inflation report has stoked fears that the combination of recent fiscal stimulus and accommodative monetary policy has spurred higher prices.","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77060589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geographic Patterns of Innovation Across U.S. States: 1980-2010 美国各州创新的地理格局:1980-2010
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/ES.2021.5
Jesselynn LaBelle, Ana Maria Santacreu
{"title":"Geographic Patterns of Innovation Across U.S. States: 1980-2010","authors":"Jesselynn LaBelle, Ana Maria Santacreu","doi":"10.20955/ES.2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/ES.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"knowledge creation since the early 1980s, becoming one of the world leaders of innovation. A standard measure of innovation that academics, governments, and businesses use is the number of patents granted. By 2010, the number of new patents granted in the United States was almost three times larger than in 1980.1 A similar trend emerges when looking at new patents granted per 1,000 residents (Figure 1). While the United States has become more innovative overall, not all geographic areas have contributed equally to this upward trend. In this essay, we analyze state-level data on patents granted between 1980 and 2010 and document several features of the geographic distribution of U.S. innovation. First, we find that the rate at which patents are granted is highly heterogeneous across U.S. states. Figure 2 shows the distribution of patent creation across U.S. states in the 1980s (left panel) and 2000s (right panel). Darker colors represent states where patents were created at a faster pace. In the 2000s, patent creation was concentrated mostly in three regions: Geographic Patterns of Innovation Across U.S. States: 1980-2010","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Economic and Epidemiological Impact of COVID-19 and Government Policies: Part II COVID-19的经济和流行病学影响以及政府政策:第二部分
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/es.2021.15
Matthew Famiglietti, Fernando Leibovici
{"title":"The Economic and Epidemiological Impact of COVID-19 and Government Policies: Part II","authors":"Matthew Famiglietti, Fernando Leibovici","doi":"10.20955/es.2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/es.2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"In Part 1 of this series we described the impact of COVID-19’s spread on economic activity and government policies.1 In contrast, in this essay we show how government policies impact the spread of COVID-19 and economic activity. In particular, we examine policies aimed at controlling the spread of the virus and economic support policies implemented to mitigate the economic cost of the pandemic. Both containment and economic policies were intensely debated up to the widespread availability of vaccinations. Health and containment policies were controversial because they were claimed to lower economic activity to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but their ability to curb the disease was not fully known. And evaluating the trade-off between health and the economy was difficult in real time. Likewise, people asked whether economic support policies were generous enough to address the economic cost of the pandemic or overly generous and too costly. In Famiglietti and Leibovici (2021), we use a statistical model to tease out how COVID-19’s spread, government policies, and economic activity affect each other. We do this by looking at cross-state variation in the intensity of, The Economic and Epidemiological Impact of COVID-19 and Government Policies: Part 2","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85652379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring Household Distress and Potential Policy Impacts 衡量家庭困境和潜在的政策影响
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/ES.2021.3
Jeffrey P. Cohen, Cletus C. Coughlin, William. R. Emmons, J. Haas, Lowell R. Ricketts
{"title":"Measuring Household Distress and Potential Policy Impacts","authors":"Jeffrey P. Cohen, Cletus C. Coughlin, William. R. Emmons, J. Haas, Lowell R. Ricketts","doi":"10.20955/ES.2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/ES.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"struggling to meet their financial obligations (e.g., making loan payments). Yet housing markets and consumer spending have been strong, and personal bankruptcies and mortgage foreclosures are at multiyear lows. Expansive government policies that include income support, extended unemployment insurance, low interest rates, and relief from default or foreclosure may help explain low levels of reported distress. However, a major concern is that current policy measures are simply postponing rather than eliminating the household distress. To offer some insight, we created a national measure of household distress that allows comparisons over time and the ability to examine the importance of specific variables and policies.1 Perhaps surprisingly, we find that the Measuring Household Distress and Potential Policy Impacts","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90967906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information and Communications Technology Spending and City Size 信息和通信技术支出与城市规模
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/es.2021.7
Hannah Rubinton, M. Isaacson
{"title":"Information and Communications Technology Spending and City Size","authors":"Hannah Rubinton, M. Isaacson","doi":"10.20955/es.2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/es.2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"for economic growth. Companies that adopt better technology can produce more goods and services with fewer inputs. However, in the United States, the adoption of new technologies has been uneven. Firms in big cities have spent more money per employee and a larger share of their total investment budget on new information and communications technology (ICT) than firms in small cities. Rubinton (2020) examines the relationship between ICT spending and city size and finds that the incentives to adopt new technologies will be stronger in bigger cities with abundant skilled labor and in cities with a comparative advantage in using skilled labor.","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77980057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Business Dynamism and City Size 商业活力和城市规模
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/ES.2021.4
Hannah Rubinton
{"title":"Business Dynamism and City Size","authors":"Hannah Rubinton","doi":"10.20955/ES.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/ES.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"economy, is measured by the rates at which firms enter the market, grow, and leave the market. Stronger dynamism is related to higher rates of productivity growth, as unproductive firms leave and more productive firms enter or grow (Bartelsman and Doms, 2000). Dynamism in the United States has been decreasing since the 1980s (Decker et. al, 2014), but the change has been distributed unequally. Larger cities have experienced Business Dynamism and City Size","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90101628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal Saving During the COVID-19 Recession COVID-19经济衰退期间的个人储蓄
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/ES.2021.2
G. Vandenbroucke
{"title":"Personal Saving During the COVID-19 Recession","authors":"G. Vandenbroucke","doi":"10.20955/ES.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/ES.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"this one: The personal saving rate skyrocketed at the start of the COVID-19-induced recession. The personal saving rate is important for many reasons: Large changes in savings can have big effects on financial markets. Additionally, the personal saving rate might reflect individuals’ expectations about the duration of a recession. People are likely to save more when they expect an economic downturn to last for a long time—the “precautionary” motive for saving. If the downturn is not expected to last, people are likely to use their savings to maintain their consumption; that is, they will keep paying their rent, mortgage, utility bills, etc. Figure 1 shows the U.S. personal saving rate. Shaded areas indicate recessions dated by the National Bureau of Economic Research. The figure offers three points to focus on: First, with the notable exception of 2020, the saving rate changes slowly over time. It was stable in the 1960s and 1970s, declined from the late 1970s until the first half of the 2000s, and then increased again. From 1959 to 2019, the saving rate remained mostly within 4 or 5 percentage Personal Saving During the COVID-19 Recession","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90027163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Worker Types, Job Displacement, and Duration Dependence 工人类型，工作置换和持续时间依赖
Economic Synopses Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20955/es.2021.13
Victoria Gregory, G. Menzio, David Wiczer
{"title":"Worker Types, Job Displacement, and Duration Dependence","authors":"Victoria Gregory, G. Menzio, David Wiczer","doi":"10.20955/es.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20955/es.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of the workforce has implications for the earnings consequences of a job loss and patterns in the job-finding rate.","PeriodicalId":11402,"journal":{"name":"Economic Synopses","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82379418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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