Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Italian Society of Obesity XII National Congress.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01908-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-026-01908-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":"31 Suppl 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding vulnerabilities and resilience in binge eating disorder among female population and transgender individuals across the lifespan: a narrative review.","authors":"Nagaia Madini, Chiara Breda, Dana El Masri, Cecilia Ricciardi Rizzo, Simone Lanati, Fatima Cody Stanford, Alessandra Vincenti, Hellas Cena, Rachele De Giuseppe","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01891-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40519-026-01891-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Binge eating disorder (BED) represents a significant public health concern due to its multifaceted physical, psychological, and economic consequences, all of which substantially impair the quality of life of affected individuals. Individuals with BED often experience persistent body dissatisfaction, emotional distress, anxiety, depression, chronic stress, and social prejudice. Fear of judgment, stigmatisation, and discrimination frequently leads to delays in, or complete avoidance of, seeking medical or psychological support. Although BED remains largely underdiagnosed, existing literature indicates a higher prevalence among females. Nevertheless, the factors contributing to its onset remain insufficiently explored, despite the well-documented vulnerability of women throughout various life stages. Specifically, gendered social roles and ongoing hormonal fluctuations are known to influence emotional regulation, potentially triggering and sustaining binge eating behaviours. This narrative review explores the prevalence and associated factors of BED in the female population across the lifespan, including childhood, adolescence, pregnancy, and menopause. It also considers the transgender population, acknowledging how gender identity, stigma, discrimination, and hormonal treatments can influence BED risk and presentation. Moreover, studies highlighted that the risk and maintenance of BED are exacerbated at various life stages by biological changes associated with sex, as well as by sociocultural influences related to gender roles and socially constructed ideals of femininity. Understanding these diverse factors is essential for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies that address the specific psychological and biological, as well as social challenges faced by women and individuals assigned female at birth. Importantly, further research is warranted to reduce disparities in healthcare access and to dismantle structural barriers and stigma. Both clinical practice and research must embrace inclusive frameworks that acknowledge the unique vulnerabilities of marginalised populations, while also enhancing healthcare professionals' training to ensure equitable, culturally competent, and effective care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of autonomous motivation and self-compassion on changes in eating disorder pathology across inpatient eating disorder treatment.","authors":"R Batchelor, K Morgan-Lowes, S J Egan, J Howell, C Thøgersen-Ntoumani","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01890-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-026-01890-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Autonomous motivation and self-compassion may potentially influence outcomes in eating disorder treatment. Self-compassion may reduce criticism and shame, which have been implicated in the maintenance of anorexia nervosa. This study examined whether baseline autonomous motivation and self-compassion, and their interaction, were associated with changes in eating disorder symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa receiving inpatient treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 56 women (M age = 23.8, range = 16-52 years) diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and admitted to an inpatient eating disorder programme. Eating disorder symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire; EDE-Q), autonomous motivation (Autonomous and Controlled Motivation for Treatment Questionnaire; ACMTQ), and self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) were measured at pre- and post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent change score models indicated that higher baseline autonomous motivation was associated with greater reductions in eating disorder symptoms across treatment. Baseline self-compassion and the interaction between autonomous motivation and self-compassion were not associated with changes in eating disorder symptoms. Post hoc Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the models were adequately powered to detect effects of the observed magnitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings are consistent with Self-Determination Theory in eating disorder populations and suggest that higher autonomous motivation is associated with greater reductions in eating disorder symptoms. Future research should examine whether interventions targeting autonomous motivation may be associated with improved treatment outcomes in women with anorexia nervosa.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoception and borderline personality disorder in female adolescents with restrictive eating disorders.","authors":"Anna Riva, Carlo Panarella, Gabriele Arienti, Simona Di Guardo, Eleonora Brasola, Renata Nacinovich, Andrea E Cavanna","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01889-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-026-01889-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Interoception has been reported to be impaired in patients with restrictive eating disorders (REDs), while its role in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is more controversial. We set out to conduct a clinical study to explore the relationship between interoception, eating disorders, and BPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited a sample of 75 female adolescents affected by REDs, of whom 21 received a diagnosis of comorbid BPD. In addition to collecting demographic and clinical data, we administered measures of interoceptive awareness (MAIA-2), the scale for eating symptomatology (EDI-3), and alexithymia (TAS-20) to all patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with REDs and comorbid BPD reported lower scores on the MAIA-2 Not-Distracting (p = 0.046) and Trusting (p = 0.023) subscales, reflecting decreased focus and reliance on bodily sensations of pain or discomfort compared to patients with REDs only. Lower scores on the MAIA-2 Trusting subscale were associated with higher scores on all EDI-3 subscales and on the total TAS-20 scale (p = 0.005), whereas lower scores on the MAIA-2 Not-Worrying subscale were associated with higher scores on the EDI-3 Interpersonal Problems composite subscale (p = 0.049), and higher scores on the MAIA-2 Noticing subscale were associated with higher scores on the EDI-3 Affective Problems composite subscale (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interoceptive dysfunction appears to be a key vulnerability factor for eating disorder psychopathology in female adolescents with REDs, with comorbid BPD potentially further exacerbating these impairments. Targeting interoceptive processes may represent a promising therapeutic approach to improve emotion regulation and clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with co-occurring BPD, and warrants further investigation in this clinical population. Level III Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study of the associations between intuitive eating and maladaptive eating behaviors in Brazilian University students.","authors":"Andressa Yavorivski, Ana Corrêa Ruiz, Rui Poínhos, Ana Maria Pandolfo Feoli","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01888-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40519-026-01888-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the relationships between Intuitive Eating and maladaptive eating behaviors among Brazilian university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among technical, undergraduate, and postgraduate students aged 18 years or above, between 2020 and 2021. Participants completed an online survey comprising sociodemographic questions, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 21 (TFEQ-R21), both validated for the Brazilian population. Spearman's correlation and MANCOVA tests were used to assess associations between study variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1,237 participants (82.6% females) with a mean age of 26.3 (SD = 8.0) years. Intuitive Eating and its domains were negatively associated with Cognitive Restraint, Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating. In the MANCOVA model, the Unconditional Permission to Eat subscale (IES-2) explained a large proportion of variance in Cognitive Restraint (η2p = .314), and the Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons subscale (IES-2) explained a large proportion of variance in Emotional Eating (η2p = .587).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intuitive eating and its domains were negatively associated with maladaptive eating behaviors among Brazilian university students, particularly Emotional Eating and Cognitive Restraint, with Eating for Physical Rather than Emotional Reasons and Unconditional Permission to Eat showing the strongest relationships.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4-Cross-sectional study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13645931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148445173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between thyroid hormones and biochemical metabolism in major depressive disorder patients with and without comorbid eating disorders.","authors":"Yangyu Wu, Qilin Zhong, Jianzhao Zhang, Shunkai Lai, Ying Wang, Yiliang Zhang, Dong Huang, Guanmao Chen, Shuya Yan, Pan Chen, Xiaodan Lu, Xiaodong Song, Rongxu Zhang, Shuming Zhong, Yanbin Jia","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01879-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40519-026-01879-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The underlying mechanism of major depressive disorder (MDD) with eating disorder (ED) remains unclear. We aim to clarify the characteristic changes of THs and brain neurometabolic alterations in ED, and to explore their relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 28 individuals with MDD and ED, 81 individuals with MDD without ED, and 37 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Serum TH levels were assessed, and ¹H proton magnetic spectroscopy was utilized to determine the N-acetylaspartic acid to creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline-containing compounds to creatine ratios in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus. Subsequently, differential analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and correlation analysis were performed to explore their characteristics and interrelationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both MDD with ED and MDD without ED cohorts, free tri-iodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly lower compared to HCs, whereas free thyroxine (FT4) and total thyroxine (TT4) levels were elevated. Significantly lower NAA/Cr ratios were observed in the right thalamus and higher NAA/Cr ratios in the left cerebellum in both MDD with ED and MDD without ED compared to HCs. Neurometabolic factors and THs levels achieved an ROC curve area of 0.830 in differentiating MDD with ED from MDD without ED. In addition, serum FT3 and TT4 levels showed a positive correlation with NAA/Cr in the eft cerebellum in cases of MDD with ED.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal concurrent thyroid hormone irregularities and neurometabolic changes in the thalamic-cerebellum circuitry in MDD with ED, providing preliminary insights into the neurobiology of abnormal eating behaviors in depression. Given the cross-sectional design, these results are exploratory and require validation. Level of evidence Level IV, cross-sectional study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interactive web-based tool for computing BMI standard deviation scores in Italian children and adolescents using national growth references.","authors":"Livio Tarchi, Elena Mattesini, Cristiano Dani, Eleonora D'Areglia, Giovanni Castellini, Valdo Ricca","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01887-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40519-026-01887-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) are essential for age- and sex-adjusted assessments in pediatric populations, including growth trajectories. Their accuracy depends on the use of population-specific reference data, as BMI distributions vary substantially across countries. Despite the availability of internationally recognized growth standards, no accessible computational tool tailored to Italian normative data has been previously described.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper describes the development and validation of an interactive, freely accessible web-based calculator for deriving BMI-SDS in Italian children and adolescents, based on the nationally representative Cacciari et al. (2006) growth reference dataset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BMI-SDS computation is based on the LMS parameterization of Italian reference curves, which provide sex-specific L (skewness), M (median), and S (coefficient of variation) values at half-year age intervals from 2 to 20 years for a nationally representative Italian sample of approximately 70,000 children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tool was implemented in R using the Shiny web application framework and is hosted at https://turius.shinyapps.io/BMI_SDS_IT/ . Given user-entered weight, height, age, and sex, the tool computes BMI (kg/m²), derives the corresponding BMI-SDS and returns i) age- and sex-adjusted BMI-SDS; ii) the corresponding percentile; iii) a graphical representation of the individual's position on the reference distribution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tool offers a straightforward, clinician- and researcher-friendly interface for computing age- and sex-standardized BMI scores using Italian-specific references, supporting more accurate weight-status classification in both clinical practice and epidemiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between sexual minority and intraminority stressors and thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances in sexual minoritized men: Variable-centered, person-centered, and network analyses.","authors":"Kathryn Pasquariello, Urvashi Dixit, Rachel R Henderson, Reza N Sahlan, Souradeep Chakraborty, Xiaoyin Liu, Cheri A Levinson, Jinbo He, Abby Braden, Wesley R Barnhart","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01875-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40519-026-01875-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual minoritized men (SMM) exhibit high rates of thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances, possibly due to sexual minority and intraminority stressors. Yet, existing research has largely employed variable-centered methods (e.g., correlation- and regression-based analyses), which limit understanding of within-group heterogeneity and symptom-to-symptom connections. We applied a three-prong analytical approach (variable-centered, person-centered, and network analyses) to examine relations among sexual minority and intraminority stressors and eating and body image disturbances among SMM (N = 255; M_age = 25.79). Variable-centered analyses revealed that, after adjusting for covariates and other stressors, internalized heterosexism, heterosexist discrimination, and intraminority body stigma were uniquely and positively associated with both thinness- and muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Intraminority body stigma was uniquely associated with more thinness- and muscularity-oriented body image disturbances, and internalized heterosexism was a unique, positive correlate of muscularity-oriented body image disturbances. Person-centered analysis revealed three profiles: Low Sexual Minority & Intraminority Stress (70%, n = 157), High Sexual Orientation Concealment Only (15%, n = 34), and High Heterosexist Discrimination & Intraminority Stress (15%, n = 34). Participants in the latter profile reported significantly more thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances relative to participants in the other two profiles. Network analyses identified thinness-oriented body image disturbances and intraminority body stigma as highly central nodes. Our findings support the role of distal and proximal minority stressors in eating and body image disturbances among SMM. They also implicate several key processes in these relationships (i.e., heterosexist discrimination, intraminority body stigma, sexual orientation concealment), suggesting potential utility in considering various types of sexual minority and intraminority stressors in clinical and prevention efforts with SMM.Level of evidence: This study is based on a cross-sectional design and is classified as level of evidence 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13342194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The validity and reliability of the \"Factors Related to Theft by Patients with Eating Disorders Questionnaire\".","authors":"Masato Takii, Junji Kishimoto, Shu Takakura, Mika Kaihara, Yuki Shimonaka, Nobuyuki Sudo, Takahiro Sawada","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01883-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40519-026-01883-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although kleptomania is frequently observed in patients with eating disorders, research on its causes is scarce, and no scale exists to assess it. This pilot study was done to develop such a scale and to evaluate its validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six female patients with anorexia nervosa incarcerated at the Kitakyushu Medical Prison completed our newly developed questionnaire that is based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for kleptomania. All participants had developed an eating disorder prior to their initial incarceration in a correctional facility, had no history of stimulant abuse, and were incarcerated for theft.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factor analysis (principal axis method, Promax rotation) identified three significant factors: \"Elation/Pleasure\", \"Material/Monetary Desire\", and \"Impulsivity.\" The test-retest correlation coefficients for each item were generally high, confirming test-retest reliability. While the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for items with high factor loadings on each factor were moderate, the correlations between factors were low, suggesting that each factor represents an independent construct. The \"Elation/Pleasure\" factor aligned with DSM diagnostic criteria B and C, the \"Impulsivity\" factor aligned with Criterion A, and the \"Material/Monetary Desire\" factor contradicted Criterion A.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary findings suggest the validity and reliability of this questionnaire, which indicates that it may be useful as a foundational resource and contribute to the advancement of this field.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>Retrospective observational study.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI and machine learning for early identification of eating disorders: a narrative review and Indian contextual insights.","authors":"Yutika Shirgaonkar, Devaki Gokhale","doi":"10.1007/s40519-026-01882-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40519-026-01882-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eating disorders (EDs) are a growing global health concern and are increasingly associated with negative body-image perceptions linked to social-media exposure, particularly among adolescents. Early identification and screening of individuals at risk can influence effective patient management and care. AI models, such as machine learning, natural language processing, or wearables, have shown early promise as potential screening tools, offering early prediction, improved accuracy, reduced reporting bias, and better user compliance than conventional methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015-July 2025) produced 606 records after applying Boolean operators \"OR\" for synonyms and \"AND\" to link core concepts. 23 studies were included using the PICOT framework. Data extraction examined predictors, algorithms, metrics, and limitations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings on predicting EDs highlight six major domains: traditional machine-learning (ML) models, sensor-based systems, mobile and wearable technologies, natural language processing (NLP), questionnaire-based models, and integrated risk prediction frameworks. Among all the domains, sensor-based and wearable systems, along with NLP from social-media data, demonstrated the highest accuracy. While traditional questionnaire-based models integrating validated tools with AI/ML have shown moderate performance, they remain limited by small sample sizes, standardised settings, and a lack of validation in low-resource settings, such as India.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI-based predictive models demonstrate promising early potential for scalable, likely less biased, and non-stigmatising detection of EDs. Despite the promising performance demonstrated across multiple AI-based approaches, certain challenges remain, including generalizability, ethical considerations, and real-world implications. Although most AI-based eating-disorder research has been conducted in high-income countries, evidence from developing and culturally diverse settings remains limited, where cultural variations and social stigma co-exist. In such contexts, the use of multimodal systems can support early prediction of eating disorders. Future research should be culturally diverse, integrate multimodal approaches with social and peer factors, and use validated frameworks for effective practice.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level V. Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.</p>","PeriodicalId":11391,"journal":{"name":"Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148327681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}