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Epigenetic Regulation in Atherosclerosis. 动脉粥样硬化的表观遗传调控。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Chunli Wang, Fei Wang, Fang Liu, Shuyan Chen
{"title":"Epigenetic Regulation in Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Chunli Wang,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Fang Liu,&nbsp;Shuyan Chen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a top public health problem especially for the elderly. Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of CVD. Many studies have shown that epigenetics plays a key role in regulating the development of atherosclerotic disease. Epigenetics includes DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA methylation, and non-coding RNA. More and more epigenetic regulations are confirmed to take part in heart development, response to stress, and endothelial injury, it is even suggested that atherosclerosis is the result of abnormal epigenetic regulation. Researchers have performed studies on novel drugs through epigenetic modification, yielding varied results. It is necessary to explore a range of epigenetic mechanisms to explain the causes and progression of atherosclerosis and uncover new targets for treatment. This article summarizes the latest development of epigenetic modification and its effect on the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis and the possible prevention and treatment modalities of atherosclerosis that these research findings would engender.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"31 162","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39772764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Immune Dysfunction in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Prognosis. 免疫功能障碍在急慢性肝衰竭中的作用:从发病机制到临床预后。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Chenlu Huang, Qiang Li, Yuxian Huang, Liang Chen
{"title":"Role of Immune Dysfunction in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Prognosis.","authors":"Chenlu Huang,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Yuxian Huang,&nbsp;Liang Chen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progression of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with various factors, including inflammatory cells, cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and the gut microbiome. Acute insult activates immune cells which provokes cytokine and chemokine cascades and subsequently initiates hepatic damage, aggressive systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and high mortality in patients with ACLF. Immune soluble components not only play a critical role in disease progression but also potentially correlates with clinical disease severity indices including Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and sequential organ failure (SOF) score. Several immune soluble components lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of ACLF, and precise immune mechanisms offer therapeutic targets for ACLF. However, there are a number of specific issues that were not addressed unambiguously, such as whether dysfunctional immune soluble components are the cause or outcome of ACLF. Further evaluation and validation of emerging and relevant biomarkers will facilitate the formulation of a potential score which, either alone or in combination with existing scoring systems, will improve the clinical outcome prognostication and therapeutic efficacy of patients with ACLF. Extensive research is required to find out the mechanisms responsible for disease severity and high mortality in patients with ACLF.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"31 162","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39770859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Guiding Significance of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) for Coronary Heart Disease Revascularization. 血流储备分数(FFR)对冠心病血运重建的指导意义。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Maodong Yang, Li Zhang, Han Tang, Dechang Zheng, Jian Wu
{"title":"The Guiding Significance of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) for Coronary Heart Disease Revascularization.","authors":"Maodong Yang,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Han Tang,&nbsp;Dechang Zheng,&nbsp;Jian Wu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary angiography is an important diagnostic tool for coronary heart disease. While it can identify anatomical coronary stenosis, its ability to identify hemodynamic changes is limited. The Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) technique, combined with coronary angiography, facilitates both the functional and anatomical assessment of heart disease. New studies have shown that FFR has unique advantages in guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and it is currently being used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) as well as for assessing the prognosis of patients after surgery. It may also play a significant role in assessing the patency of a graft. However, some studies have shown that in considering the cardioprotective benefits of CABG, applying FFR guidelines to CABG may reduce or impair its \"surgical collateralization\" effect and increase the rate of incomplete revascularization. We compared the advantages and disadvantages of FFR to guide PCI and CABG, which will provide health practitioners with useful resources to determine the best diagnosis and treatment for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"31 162","pages":"31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39772763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Involvement of the Hippo Pathway in the Development of Diabetes. 河马通路参与糖尿病的发展。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Yaodong Wang, Haitao Yu, Jinchun He
{"title":"Involvement of the Hippo Pathway in the Development of Diabetes.","authors":"Yaodong Wang,&nbsp;Haitao Yu,&nbsp;Jinchun He","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Hippo pathway is a complex signaling network that plays an important role in regulating cellular and metabolic tissue processes, as well as in controlling organ size. However, various disorders and dysfunctions caused by disruptions in Hippo signaling harm parental pancreatic islet cells, promote apoptosis of parental cells, and impair insulin secretion -- leading to the occurrence of diabetes. Herein, we review the role of the Hippo pathway in islet offspring cells, as well as in the involvement of mammalian sterile 20 kinase-1 (MST1), large tumor suppressor-1/2 (LATS1/2), merlin, and yes-associated protein (YAP) in disruptions of Hippo signaling that lead to various disorders and the development of diabetes. Finally, we discuss several remaining issues in translating these promising discoveries into unique treatments in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"31 162","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39772765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Management and Control of COVID-19 Infection: A Review. 新型冠状病毒感染的临床管理与控制综述
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01
Shuangge Liu, Xiaoxiong Wu, Hongbo Wang
{"title":"Clinical Management and Control of COVID-19 Infection: A Review.","authors":"Shuangge Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoxiong Wu,&nbsp;Hongbo Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In late December 2019, COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China and resulted in a formidable outbreak in provinces and cities in China that became a pandemic. The outbreak likely began as several cases caused by probable zoonotic transmission, followed by human-to-human transmission via droplets or contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated items. COVID-19 mainly affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in human, and severely affected patients may have multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Despite recent progress in vaccine development, the management of multiple organ failure caused by immune injury is mainly supportive. COVID-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS, although it has a lower mortality rate. The 2019 outbreak of COVID-19 has been classified by the WHO as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, which has drawn attention to the challenge of the disease and caused questioning of scientific strategies for preventing infection and improving clinical outcomes. This article reviews the latest developments on transmission and clinical management and control of COVID-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"31 162","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39770858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ADRB1 (Adrenoceptor Beta 1) and ADRB2 genes significantly co-express with commonly mutated genes in prostate cancer. ADRB1(肾上腺素能受体β 1)和ADRB2基因在前列腺癌中与常见突变基因显著共表达。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01
Steven Lehrer, Peter H Rheinstein
{"title":"The ADRB1 (Adrenoceptor Beta 1) and ADRB2 genes significantly co-express with commonly mutated genes in prostate cancer.","authors":"Steven Lehrer,&nbsp;Peter H Rheinstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beta blockers act on the beta-adrenergic receptors ADRB1 and ADRB2 to reduce heart rate and blood pressure. Observational studies have revealed strong risk reductions in metastasis and cancer-specific mortality with the use of beta-blockers in patients with some cancers. But observational studies of prostate cancer have reported conflicting results.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined the relationship of ADRB1 (Adrenoceptor beta 1) gene expression and ADRB2 (Adrenoceptor beta 2) gene expression with Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) gene expression in prostate cancer. We also analyzed survival data of solid tumor patients with respect to beta 1 (ADRB1) and beta 2 (ADRB2) adrenergic receptor gene expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the genomics of prostate cancer and other solid primary tumors in the GDC TCGA Prostate Cancer (PRAD) data set. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) contains the analysis of over 11,000 tumors from 33 of the most prevalent forms of cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of somatic mutations [Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertion/deletion polymorphism (INDELS)] in FOXA1 alters ADRB1 and ADRB2 gene expression. The correlation of FOXA1 gene expression with ADRB1 and ADRB2 gene expression is highly significant. Alterations in FOXA1 genes, ADRB1 genes, and ADRB2 genes are significantly co-occurrent, indicating that they may work in tandem to drive tumor formation and development. Increased ADRB1 and ADRB2 expressions reduce the overall survival of solid tumor patients in the GDC Pan Cancer set.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FOXA1 signaling may regulate ADRB1 and ADRB2 expression, as well as androgen receptor expression. Analysis of these tumor mutations might indicate whether an individual prostate cancer patient will respond to beta blockers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"30 161","pages":"163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7894950/pdf/nihms-1661705.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25378640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientific and pharmacological rationale for the treatment of cardiac damage caused by COVID-19. 治疗COVID-19引起的心脏损伤的科学和药理学依据。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01
Francesco Ferrara, Antonio Vitiello
{"title":"Scientific and pharmacological rationale for the treatment of cardiac damage caused by COVID-19.","authors":"Francesco Ferrara,&nbsp;Antonio Vitiello","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the global coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19), which started in early 2020 and is still ongoing today. COVID-19 has caused more than 1 million deaths worldwide and about 50 million infected. COVID-19 not only causes lung injury, but there may also be an involvement of other organs, including the cardiovascular system. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates host cells through the angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE-2). ACE-2 is expressed in the lungs, heart, testicles, liver, gastrointestinal tract, etc. Several studies have found that a sizeable percentage of patients with severe COVID-19 also have cardiac lesions, including myocardial fibrosis, edema, and pericarditis. Pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to fibrotic lesions of myocardial tissue. These fibrotic lesions can cause cardiac dysfunction, reducing the ejection fraction caused by the presence of stiffened myocardial matrix and leading to heart failure, or cause an alteration in electrical conductance by creating cardiac arrhythmias. These cardiac dysfunctions can be fatal if left untreated and managed. It is therefore essential to identify cardiac involvement early in order to act with appropriate treatments to preserve the integrity of the heart. In this review, we describe what is known about cardiac damage from COVID-19, including the scientific rationale for effective therapeutic solutions to combat cardiac injury, and reduce or avoid cardiac damage from COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"30 161","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25378638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TMEM176A acts as a tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting ERK signaling. TMEM176A通过抑制ERK信号传导在胰腺癌中发挥抑癌基因的作用。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01
Yulin Guo, Feng Cao, Shun Hu, Shuang Liu, Haichen Sun, Ang Li, Fei Li
{"title":"TMEM176A acts as a tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting ERK signaling.","authors":"Yulin Guo,&nbsp;Feng Cao,&nbsp;Shun Hu,&nbsp;Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Haichen Sun,&nbsp;Ang Li,&nbsp;Fei Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic cancer is the 7th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Aberrant expressions of transmembrane 176A (TMEM176A) were found in multiple cancer types. However, the expression and function of TMEM176A remain unclear in pancreatic cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, western blot, and transwell were applied on investigating samples from pancreatic cancer patients and pancreatic cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis based on the TCGA database showed that a high level of TMEM176A was associated with a better relapse-free survival rate (P = 0.012). Further, the results of tissue microarray showed patients with a high level of TMEM176A were associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.045) and a better overall survival rate (P = 0.032). Overexpression of TMEM176A in Capan-1 and PANC-1 cells suppressed cell proliferation, cell invasion, and migration, and induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. TMEM176A suppressed ERK signaling in pancreatic cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TMEM176A suppresses the growth and migration of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting ERK signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"30 161","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25378643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modification of oncolytic adenovirus and its application in cancer therapy. 溶瘤腺病毒的修饰及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01
Yin Liang, Jian He, Yongxiang Zhao
{"title":"Modification of oncolytic adenovirus and its application in cancer therapy.","authors":"Yin Liang,&nbsp;Jian He,&nbsp;Yongxiang Zhao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncolytic virus refers to a type of virus that can replicate in tumor cells and eventually lyse them. Oncolytic adenoviruses are widely used because of their acceptable safety, but they are also limited in their clinical applications due to their own limitations. Therefore, the adenovirus is modified in multiple ways to improve the safety of the treatment, enhance the impact of oncolysis, and reduce the effect of neutralizing antibodies on the virus. The combined application of oncolytic adenovirus and other drugs plays a synergistic role in the treatment of tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"30 161","pages":"129-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25378642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Targeting myeloid-derived suppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. 靶向肿瘤微环境中的髓源性抑制细胞以提高肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Discovery medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-01
Shuping Huo, Liang Liu, Qiaomin Li, Jing Wang
{"title":"Targeting myeloid-derived suppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Shuping Huo,&nbsp;Liang Liu,&nbsp;Qiaomin Li,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature suppressive cells partly influencing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. The crosstalk between MDSCs and immune cells mediates a potently immunosuppressive network within the tumor microenvironment to attenuate the anti-tumor response. Targeting MDSCs could be a potential therapeutic approach to overcome the limitation of immunotherapies. In this article, we will review available information on how MDSCs exert their immunosuppressive function and summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting them to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11379,"journal":{"name":"Discovery medicine","volume":"30 161","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25378714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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