{"title":"Glucocorticoid receptor-targeted liposomal delivery of wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor selectively induces efficient colorectal tumor regression.","authors":"Pritam Das, Tithi Bhattacharyya, Aasia Ansari, Anjaneyulu Eanti, Yogesh Chandra, Rajkumar Banerjee","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01952-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01952-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved developmental pathway. This pathway is also involved in colorectal cancer and thus its selective targeting to cancer cells, albeit the risk involved, can serve as a promising therapeutic approach. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear hormone receptor present in both cancer and non-cancer cells. Previously, we showed that cancer cell-associated GR, without eliciting any effect in normal cells, could be targeted for selective drug-sensitization in cancer cells. Based on this unique feature, we intended to sensitize the wnt/β-catenin pathway by co-formulating a GR-targeted cationic liposomal formulation carrying dexamethasone, a synthetic GR-ligand, and a wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, FH535, to form D1XFH formulation. The nanometric and positively charged D1XFH formulation selectively kills colorectal cancer cells at much lower FH535 concentration than free drug or drug-associated GR-non-targeted liposome, while exhibiting unique nuclear uptake, increased ROS generation, apoptosis and G2-M phase cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Further, in vivo data shows enhanced tumor-specific localization of this formulation, significant tumor growth inhibition and increased mice survivability, signifying its efficacy and biocompatibility in mouse colon subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. Protein expression analysis reveals enhanced reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibition of various downstream proteins of wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, analysis of tumor lysate from D1XFH-treated group shows an increased Th1/Th2 ratio, indicating favorable, anti-tumor immune response. The formulation exhibits no sub-chronic toxicity against healthy mice. In overall, our data strongly suggest that the GR-targeted FH535 liposomal delivery can safely target the highly sensitive wnt/β-catenin pathway for effective treatment of colorectal tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Feng Zhang, Kun Chen, Yu-Qing Zhu, Lin Liu, Xiang-Tao Kong, Yan Dai, Xiu-Juan Fu, Ya-Ling Li, Ming-Hua Liu, Dan Zhang
{"title":"Preparation of cancer cell membrane-coated Gambogic acid-loaded pH-sensitive liposomes to enhance targeted anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect.","authors":"Yi-Feng Zhang, Kun Chen, Yu-Qing Zhu, Lin Liu, Xiang-Tao Kong, Yan Dai, Xiu-Juan Fu, Ya-Ling Li, Ming-Hua Liu, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01949-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01949-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma has an insidious onset, and therefore, most patients are already in the middle or advanced stage once diagnosed, which seriously affects the prognosis of the patients. For a long time, it has been difficult to achieve the expected effect of the treatment that can effectively deal with the middle-or-late -stage liver cancer. Gambogic acid (GA), a dry resin secreted by the Garcinia hanbaryi Hook.f., is a natural active ingredient with various biological activities, especially the strong anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity. However, the drawbacks such as high toxicity to the liver and kidney and low solubility have greatly limited its application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop suitable Gambogic acid formulations to overcome these disadvantages. In this study, injectable HepG2 cell membrane-modified pH-responsive liposomes (PEOz/GA@HepG2m) were prepared for active targeted delivery of Gambogic acid for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The physicochemical properties of PEOz/GA@HepG2m were evaluated in terms of the drug loading efficiency, particle size, morphology and drug release. The inhibitory effect of PEOz/GA@HepG2m on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was assessed by CCK8 assay and calcein-AM/PI assay in vitro. The effect of unloaded liposome PEOz@HepG2m on cellular internalization was assessed in different cell lines and it's in vivo biodistribution was analyzed by near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. The antitumor effect of PEOz/GA@HepG2m in vivo was evaluated in HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. The PEOz@HepG2m liposomes exhibit excellent targeting ability toward HepG2 cells. PEOz/GA@HepG2m possesses high delivery efficiency and a remarkably therapeutic effect both in vitro and vivo. The coating HepG2 cell membrane could significantly enhance the tumor-targeting effect of the liposomes and improve the antitumor effect of the loaded drug GA in vivo, indicating that the active-targeting biomimetic liposome, PEOz/GA@HepG2m, is a promising nanoplatform for delivery of drugs to hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yee Shan Sim, Juzaili Azizi, Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear, Siti Rafidah Yusof, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Su Yean Teh, Choon Fu Goh
{"title":"In vitro skin permeation of mitragynine: Optimisation of antioxidants for enhanced drug stability and formulation performance.","authors":"Yee Shan Sim, Juzaili Azizi, Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear, Siti Rafidah Yusof, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Su Yean Teh, Choon Fu Goh","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01933-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01933-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opioid-like characteristics of mitragynine with biased μ-opioid receptor activation are attractive for pain and addiction therapy due to less addictive issue. Our previous work has shown the potential of delivering mitragynine through the skin but drug degradation hindered a reliable understanding of its permeation behaviour. This study aims to optimise the use of antioxidants in both the receptor medium and formulations for in vitro permeation studies of mitragynine (5%w/v) using single solvent systems. The optimised receptor medium with 0.01%w/v of ascorbic acid in phosphate buffer saline was chosen due to a high mitragynine recovery that also allowed the detection of a higher mitragynine amount permeated. Dimethyl sulphoxide and Transcutol<sup>®</sup> achieved the highest mitragynine permeation (~ 10 - 15 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>) and skin fluxes (~ 0.5 - 0.8 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>/h). While Maisine<sup>®</sup> and propylene glycol achieved ~ 6 - 8 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> of mitragynine permeated. Labrasol<sup>®</sup> and Lauroglycol™ showed a relatively low drug permeation (~ 1 - 4 μg/cm<sup>2</sup>). Permeation data modelling showed that skin diffusion (high apparent diffusion coefficient) was identified as the major mechanism but skin partitioning (moderate to high apparent partition coefficient) became a determining factor for the overall permeation performance. Mass balance studies revealed low mitragynine recovery (< 80%) owing to solvent-induced degradation. Further optimisation of butylated hydroxytoluene incorporation into gel formulations with selected solvents resulted in excellent drug recovery and enhanced skin permeation, even at lower drug loadings. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of enhanced drug stability with antioxidant, facilitating a more accurate assessment of mitragynine's skin permeation characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Pangua, Socorro Espuelas, Jon Ander Simón, María Collantes, Iván Peñuelas, Alfonso Calvo, Juan M Irache
{"title":"Evaluation of nanoencapsulated bevacizumab combined with paclitaxel in a colorectal cancer xenograft model.","authors":"Cristina Pangua, Socorro Espuelas, Jon Ander Simón, María Collantes, Iván Peñuelas, Alfonso Calvo, Juan M Irache","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01941-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01941-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iván Yuste, Francis C Luciano, Carmina Rodríguez, Bianca I Ramirez, Chrysi Rapti, Brayan J Anaya, Aikaterini Lalatsa, Almudena Ribed-Sánchez, Pablo Sanz-Ruiz, Elena González-Burgos, Dolores R Serrano
{"title":"Antimicrobial 3D printed implants for periprosthetic joint infections.","authors":"Iván Yuste, Francis C Luciano, Carmina Rodríguez, Bianca I Ramirez, Chrysi Rapti, Brayan J Anaya, Aikaterini Lalatsa, Almudena Ribed-Sánchez, Pablo Sanz-Ruiz, Elena González-Burgos, Dolores R Serrano","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01934-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01934-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) remain a serious complication following hip and knee arthroplasty, affecting 1-5% of patients in developed countries and posing significant challenges to patients, clinicians, and healthcare systems. Conventional prophylactic strategies, such as antibiotic-loaded bone cement, suffer from limited post-implantation drug release and potential compromise of mechanical integrity. To overcome these limitations, we developed a personalized, 3D-printed implant designed to integrate with the acetabular component of joint prostheses. These implants deliver either monotherapy or a combination of amphotericin B (AmB) and vancomycin (VAN), targeting both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Fabricated via fused deposition modeling using a biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol (PVA-PEG) matrix, the implants enable passive drug loading and rapid adhesion to prosthetic surfaces within 60 s, minimizing operative time. In vitro testing confirmed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei) and Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus, S. epidermidis). VAN was released rapidly, while AmB exhibited sustained release for up to 10 h, with both maintaining saturation solubility for 48 h. Notably, AmB-loaded implants showed five-fold lower hemolytic toxicity compared to free drug. These results highlight the potential of 3D-printed, drug-eluting implants as a clinically viable solution for the prevention and early treatment of PJIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topical and transdermal lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPN): an integration in advancing dermatological treatments.","authors":"Kok-Hou Lok, Hooi Leong Loo, Lay-Hong Chuah","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01940-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01940-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPN) are an integration or \"collaboration\" between the two distinct drug delivery platforms of lipid and polymeric carriers. The idea centres on coining the advantages of both materials while attempting to overcome the limitations inherent to each component, thus improving biocompatibility, drug loading, stability, size uniformity, and controlled release properties. Since their emergence over two decades ago, LPN have attracted growing interest in various therapeutic areas such as cancer, neurological disorders, osteoarthritis, and COVID-19 viral infections. Their structural diversity has expanded from the classical polymeric core-lipid shell to its inverse structure of lipid core-polymeric shell and homogeneous lipid-polymer blends, producing nine types of LPN under these structural classes. Correspondingly, preparation strategies have evolved from two-step methods to integrated one-step method of nanoprecipitation, single-emulsification-solvent evaporation, and double-emulsification-solvent evaporation in the early 2010s. More recently, novel methods such as self-assembly, modified ionic gelation, modified ethanolic injection, film rehydration, and hot-melt emulsification have been introduced, with hot-melt emulsification showing particular promise for scalability. In this context, the present review proactively introduces an updated structural classification and proposes a revision of existing formulation strategies by expanding the one-step and two-step framework to incorporate emerging methods tailored for dermatological applications. While LPN are often portrayed as a better version of lipid and polymeric-based nanoparticles, their practical applicability in dermatological treatments remains an open question. Therefore, this review evaluates LPN's clinical and translational potential in dermatology applications such as, wounds, skin infections, dermatitis, psoriasis, skin cancer, pain management, and cosmetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thrinayan Moorthy, Bhanu Nirosha Yalamandala, Thi My Hue Huynh, Hui-Wen Lien, Wan-Chi Pan, Hoi Man Iao, Yun-Hsuan Chang, Shang-Hsiu Hu
{"title":"Beyond borders: engineering organ-targeted immunotherapies to overcome site-specific barriers in cancer.","authors":"Thrinayan Moorthy, Bhanu Nirosha Yalamandala, Thi My Hue Huynh, Hui-Wen Lien, Wan-Chi Pan, Hoi Man Iao, Yun-Hsuan Chang, Shang-Hsiu Hu","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01935-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01935-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organ-targeted immunotherapy is emerging as a transformative strategy to significantly improve the precision, efficacy, and safety of cancer immunotherapy. Tumors frequently arise in, or metastasize to, immunologically unique organs such as the brain, liver, and lungs-each presenting formidable barriers that impede uniform treatment success. These organs not only represent common metastatic sites but also host distinct immune microenvironments that demand customized therapeutic approaches. Nanovaccine-based immunotherapies have recently gained traction as a promising solution to overcome these organ-specific challenges. The brain, protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), limits immune cell infiltration and drug penetration, especially in aggressive cancers like glioblastoma (GBM). The liver, characterized by its immune-tolerant landscape and dense population of phagocytic cells, suppresses antitumor responses in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Meanwhile, the lungs' vast vasculature and continuous exposure to airborne antigens necessitate precision delivery strategies to trigger robust immunity without provoking excessive inflammation. To surmount these hurdles, nanocarriers have been engineered to leverage passive targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, active targeting via organ-specific ligands, immune cell hitchhiking, and stimuli-responsive release mechanisms. These innovations enable nanovaccines to elicit localized immune activation, reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME), and enhance cytotoxic T-cell responses. This review underscores the critical importance and urgent need for continued development of organ-specific nanovaccine platforms. It calls for intensified research efforts to translate these technologies into clinically viable therapies capable of addressing the most immunologically challenging tumor sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heng Chee Lim, Sue Kei Lee, Jing Wen Keng, Ee Qian Lee, Eugenie Sin Sing Tan, Kai Bin Liew, Chun Wai Mai, Siew Keah Lee, Li Chen, May Lee Low, Yik Ling Chew
{"title":"Mechanistic insights and clinical evidence of Helianthus annuus Linn. (Sunflower) seed oil for dermatological applications: A narrative review.","authors":"Heng Chee Lim, Sue Kei Lee, Jing Wen Keng, Ee Qian Lee, Eugenie Sin Sing Tan, Kai Bin Liew, Chun Wai Mai, Siew Keah Lee, Li Chen, May Lee Low, Yik Ling Chew","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01939-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01939-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant oils play an important role in natural product-based dermatological formulations owing to their multifunctional therapeutic properties. Among these, sunflower seed oil (SSO) has gained prominence due to its dual role as a barrier-restoring emollient and skin penetration enhancer. Rich in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA), SSO supports skin health by restoring lipid bilayer organization, modulating ceramide synthesis, and activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). These mechanisms reinforce barrier integrity while facilitating transdermal delivery of active agents. However, oils high in OA and/or containing protein allergens may compromise barrier function and promote allergen penetration, necessitating careful evaluation of chemical composition and structural characteristics. Ex vivo studies using porcine skin models have demonstrated SSO ability to enhance the permeation of both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Clinically, SSO has shown efficacy in reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), improving hydration, and accelerating wound healing in conditions such as xerosis and atopic dermatitis. Its favourable safety profile, biocompatibility, and successful incorporation into various dermatological and cosmeceutical formulations underscore its versatility. This review critically examines the molecular interactions between SSO and the skin barrier, with specific focus on its roles in barrier restoration, inflammation modulation and transdermal enhancement. Mechanistic insights from its fatty acid composition are integrated with ex vivo findings, supported by clinical evidence, to evaluate its therapeutic potential and utility as a multifunctional, plant-based excipient in modern topical drug delivery systems for human skin health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julie R Youssef, Nabila A Boraie, Fatma A Ismail, Basant A Bakr, Eman A Allam, Mahmoud A Agami, Riham M El-Moslemany
{"title":"Mannosylated fisetin/carveol lipid nanocapsules: brain-targeted dual therapy for modulation of epileptogenesis and cognitive deficits.","authors":"Julie R Youssef, Nabila A Boraie, Fatma A Ismail, Basant A Bakr, Eman A Allam, Mahmoud A Agami, Riham M El-Moslemany","doi":"10.1007/s13346-025-01937-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-025-01937-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy is challenged by several barriers with the blood brain barrier (BBB) imposing the utmost restrictions to brain drug delivery. Antiepileptic drugs aim to reduce seizures frequency and severity while exerting minimal toxic effects. Herein, the merits of phytomedicine and brain targeted nanocarriers were combined for the control of seizures in a chronic epilepsy model. Fisetin (FS); a polyphenol and carveol (CAR); a limonene monoterpenoid were selected for their neuroprotective roles and co-loaded into lipid nanocapsules (FS/CAR@LNC). This was further decorated with mannose by post insertion targeting glucose transporter (GLUT-1) overexpressed on BBB (MAN-FS/CAR@LNC). The optimized MAN-FS/CAR@LNC revealed good colloidal properties with particle size (53.17 ± 4.06 nm), and low polydispersity index (0.11) and 26.9 ± 1.05 mV zeta potential. A high entrapment efficiency exceeding 99% and sustained drug release profile over 72 h were observed for both FS and CAR. In the in vivo imaging system (IVIS), MAN-FS/CAR@LNC attained 1.3-fold increase in fluorescence intensity at 5 h interval compared to FS/CAR@LNC. Following intraperitoneal administration in PTZ- induced chronic epilepsy mouse model, MAN-FS/CAR@LNC achieved maximal control of epileptic seizures accompanied with rehabilitation of locomotion, depressive and anxiety like-behaviors compared to FS/CAR and FS/CAR@LNC. Similarly, analysis of biomarkers reflecting depression and anxiety actions (brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF, serotonin and glutamate) together with inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-1ꞵ) and histopathological assessment affirmed MAN-FS/CAR@LNC excelling in enhancing LNC brain targetability and hence seizures control. In conclusion, FS/CAR co-therapy aided with mannosylated LNC could present a compelling podium for the effective management of CNS disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11357,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery and Translational Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}