Domestic animal endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Is it possible to replace eCG by GnRH in the hormonal protocol for timed artificial insemination in ewes during the breeding season?","authors":"Gabriel Maggi ,&nbsp;Otávio S. Pires ,&nbsp;Sérgio F. Vargas Junior ,&nbsp;Fernando C. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Fabiane P. Moraes ,&nbsp;Rogério Ferreira ,&nbsp;Arnaldo D. Vieira ,&nbsp;Monique T. Rovani ,&nbsp;Paulo B.D. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Rafael G. Mondadori ,&nbsp;Bernardo G. Gasperin","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hormonal protocols based on progestogens and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) are efficient for estrus and ovulation synchronization in ewes. Although eCG is indispensable during seasonal anestrus, it may not be necessary during the breeding season. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that GnRH is effective in replacing eCG during the breeding season allowing satisfactory ovulation rate, luteal function and conception rates after timed artificial insemination (TAI). Ewes (<em>n</em> = 134) with a minimum body condition score of 2.5 (0–5 scale) were treated with intravaginal devices (IVD) containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for seven days and received 0.26 mg of sodium cloprostenol at the time of IVD removal. In Exp. 1, at IVD removal, ewes (<em>n</em> = 29) were allocated to three groups: eCG (200 IU at IVD removal; <em>n</em> = 10); eCG+GnRH (200 IU eCG at IVD removal and 4 µg of buserelin 36 h later; <em>n</em> = 10); or GnRH (buserelin 36 h after IVD removal; <em>n</em> = 9). Blood samples were collected 2, 6 and 12 days after TAI moment (54 h after IVD removal), for progesterone (P4) analysis. In Exp 2, the ewes were allocated to eCG (<em>n</em> = 10) or GnRH (<em>n</em> = 10) groups, as above described, and ovulation moment was evaluated 54, 66 and 78 h after IVD removal. In Exp 3, TAI was performed in ewes from eCG (<em>n</em> = 45) and GnRH (<em>n</em> = 40) groups using 100 × 10⁶ motile spermatozoa from a pool of semen collected from four rams. In Exp. 1, based on P4 levels, we confirmed that all the ewes ovulated (29/29) and there was no significant effect of group (<em>P</em> = 0.89) or group x day (<em>P</em> = 0.18) on P4 concentration, being observed a significant effect of day (<em>P</em> = 0.0001). In Exp. 2, the maximum DF diameter (<em>P</em> = 0.26) and ovulation moment (<em>P</em> = 0.69) did not differ between groups. In Exp. 3, pregnancy rate was significantly lower (<em>P</em> = 0.02) in GnRH (22.5 %; 9/40) compared to eCG (46.7 %; 21/45). The results indicate that, although ovulation and luteal function were not altered after eCG, eCG+GnRH or GnRH treatment, GnRH alone before TAI cannot be used to replace eCG treatment during the breeding season.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106878"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141990865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation of NGF in seminal plasma and expression of NGF and its cognate receptors NTRK1 and p75NTR in the sex organs of rams","authors":"Francesca Mercati ,&nbsp;Gabriella Guelfi ,&nbsp;José Ignacio Martí ,&nbsp;Cecilia Dall'Aglio ,&nbsp;Lucía Calleja ,&nbsp;Domenico Caivano ,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Marenzoni ,&nbsp;Camilla Capaccia ,&nbsp;Polina Anipchenko ,&nbsp;Francesco Alessandro Palermo ,&nbsp;Paolo Cocci ,&nbsp;Mario Rende ,&nbsp;Massimo Zerani ,&nbsp;Margherita Maranesi","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nerve growth factor (NGF) has long been known as the main ovulation-inducing factor in induced ovulation species, however, recent studies suggested the NGF role also in those with spontaneous ovulation. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and gene expression of NGF and its cognate receptors, high-affinity neurotrophic tyrosine kinase 1 receptor (NTRK1) and low-affinity p75 nerve growth factor receptor (p75NTR), in the ram genital tract. Moreover, the annual trend of NGF seminal plasma values was investigated to evaluate the possible relationship between the NGF production variations and the ram reproductive seasonality. The presence and expression of the NGF/receptors system was evaluated in the testis, epididymis, vas deferens ampullae, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands through immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. Genital tract samples were collected from 5 adult rams, regularly slaughtered at a local abattoir. Semen was collected during the whole year weekly, from 5 different adult rams, reared in a breeding facility, with an artificial vagina. NGF seminal plasma values were assessed through the ELISA method. NGF, NTRK1 and p75NTR immunoreactivity was detected in all male organs examined. NGF-positive immunostaining was observed in the spermatozoa of the germinal epithelium, in the epididymis and the cells of the secretory epithelium of annexed glands, NTRK1 receptor showed a localization pattern like that of NGF, whereas p75NTR immunopositivity was localized in the nerve fibers and ganglia. NGF gene transcript was highest (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.01) in the seminal vesicles and lowest (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.01) in the testis than in the other tissues. NTRK1 gene transcript was highest (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.01) in the seminal vesicles and lowest (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.05) in all the other tissues examined. Gene expression of p75NTR was highest (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.01) in the seminal vesicles and lowest (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.01) in the testis and bulbourethral glands. NGF seminal plasma concentration was greater from January to May (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.01) than in the other months. This study highlighted that the NGF system was expressed in the tissues of all the different genital tracts examined, confirming the role of NGF in ram reproduction. Sheep are short-day breeders, with an anestrus that corresponds to the highest seminal plasma NGF levels, thus suggesting the intriguing idea that this factor could participate in an inhibitory mechanism of male reproductive activity, activated during the female anestrus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106877"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0739724024000407/pdfft?md5=cc2af91e236290d3af10d9ffa9be3226&pid=1-s2.0-S0739724024000407-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the gonadotropin surge on steroid receptor regulation in preovulatory follicles and newly formed corpora lutea in the cow","authors":"Bajram Berisha ,&nbsp;Granit Thaqi ,&nbsp;Dieter Schams ,&nbsp;Daniela Rodler ,&nbsp;Fred Sinowatz ,&nbsp;Michael W. Pfaffl","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of the study was to characterize the <em>mRNA</em> expression patterns of specific steroid hormone receptors namely, estrogen receptors (ESRRA—estrogen related receptor alpha and ESRRB—estrogen related receptor beta) and progesterone receptors (PGR) in superovulation-induced bovine follicles during the periovulation and subsequent corpus luteum (CL) formation. The bovine ovaries (<em>n</em> = 5 cow / group), containing preovulatory follicles or early CL, were collected relative to injection of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at (I) 0 h, (II) 4 h, (III) 10 h, (IV) 20 h, (V) 25 h (preovulatory follicles) and (VI) 60 h (CL, 2–3 days after induced ovulation). In this experiment, we analyzed the steroid receptor <em>mRNA</em> expression and their localization in the follicle and CL tissue. The high <em>mRNA</em> expression of ESRRA, ESRRB, and PGR analyzed in the follicles before ovulation is significantly reduced in the group of follicles during ovulation (25 h after GnRH), rising again significantly after ovulation in newly formed CL, only for ESRRA and PGR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemically, the nuclei of antral follicles' granulosa cells showed a positive staining for ESRRA, followed by higher activity in the large luteal cells just after ovulation (early CL). In contrast, the lower PGR immunopresence in preovulatory follicles increased in both small and large luteal cell nuclei after follicle ovulation. Our results of steroid receptor <em>mRNA</em> expression in this experimentally induced gonadotropin surge provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of the effects of steroid hormones on follicular–luteal tissue in the period close to the ovulation and subsequent CL formation in the cow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0739724024000390/pdfft?md5=260990baf41237f6419df69e0d15c6c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0739724024000390-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed consumption on endocrine changes associated with intake regulation and post-absorptive metabolism in growing steers","authors":"Mindy E. King ,&nbsp;Hannah M. Herzing ,&nbsp;Kyle R. McLeod ,&nbsp;James L. Klotz ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Foote ,&nbsp;J. Lannett Edwards ,&nbsp;David L. Harmon","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome occurring from the consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue and results in substantial economic losses to the beef industry primarily from reduced growth accompanied by decreased dry matter intake (DMI); however, the associations characterizing this reduction in DMI have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this experiment was to identify endocrine changes associated with intake regulation post-consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (E+). Twelve Holstein steers were stratified by body weight and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=4): 0 ppm ergovaline (ERV), 1.8 ppm ERV, or 2.7 ppm ERV. Treatments were achieved by combining differing proportions of ground E+ and non-endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. Steers were adapted to their diets for 7 d followed by a 7 d DMI collection period. Within treatment, steers were assigned to a sampling day (d 16 or d 17). Blood samples were collected every 20 min for 8 h, beginning 1 h before feeding. Intake data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment, day, and the interaction as fixed effects. Hormone and metabolite data were analyzed with the fixed effect of treatment, time, and the interaction including time as a repeated measure and orthogonal contrasts. Dry matter intake was linearly decreased with increasing ERV in the diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Insulin and leptin concentrations exhibited a quadratic effect (<em>P</em> = 0.018 and <em>P</em> = 0.005) with insulin concentrations highest for the 2.7 ppm treatment and leptin concentrations highest for the 1.8 ppm treatment. No differences were detected for active ghrelin or β-hydroxybuytrate concentrations among treatment groups. Further, steers consuming both the 1.8 and 2.7 ppm ERV treatments had lower prolactin concentrations compared to the 0 ppm treatment (quadratic, <em>P</em> <em>=</em> 0.019). Glucose concentrations had a tendency for a linear increase as ERV concentrations increased (<em>P</em> = 0.091). A treatment × time interaction (<em>P</em> = 0.002) was noted in NEFA concentrations, with the 1.8 ppm ERV treatment showing increased pre-feeding concentrations, and the 2.7 ppm ERV treatment exhibiting elevated NEFA concentrations as time post-feeding progressed. The results suggest that E+ consumption reduces intake likely through alterations in intake-related hormones and post-absorptive metabolism and contributes to our current understanding of E+ effects on intake reduction while providing avenues for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106873"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in cortisol, cortisone and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II activity in saliva during pregnancy and lactation in sows","authors":"M. Botía ,&nbsp;D. Escribano ,&nbsp;F. Tecles ,&nbsp;S. Martínez-Subiela ,&nbsp;J.J. Cerón ,&nbsp;M. López-Arjona","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II, which can be estimated by the combined measurement of cortisol and cortisone, is gaining importance as a marker for the assessment of stress in pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of this enzyme and the salivary concentrations of cortisol and cortisone in pigs during pregnancy, farrowing and lactation and to compare it with other stress-related biomarkers such as CgA, S100A12 and alpha-amylase. Salivary cortisol concentrations and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme type 2 activity decreased after farrowing, while cortisol concentrations increased. Enzyme activity did not show significant correlations with any of the other stress-related biomarkers measured in this study. Overall, the results of this report indicate a different regulation of 11β-HSD type II activity and of cortisol and cortisone during pregnancy and lactation, which should be considered when evaluating these analytes in saliva during these periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106875"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0739724024000389/pdfft?md5=7a3f8d2d88224ea8c824d228562044f7&pid=1-s2.0-S0739724024000389-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The glucagon-receptor antagonist MK-3577 reduces glucagon-stimulated plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in metabolically healthy overweight cats","authors":"J Mott ,&nbsp;C Celly ,&nbsp;R Glock ,&nbsp;C Gilor","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of glucagon disturbances in diabetes mellitus is increasingly recognized and, hence, glucagon antagonism might aid in treatment of hyperglycemia and other metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of the glucagon receptor antagonist MK-3577 and its effect on plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations in healthy cats. In a cross-over placebo-controlled study, 5 purpose-bred cats were treated with either Placebo, MK-3577 (1 mg/kg), or MK-3577 (3 mg/kg). Glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured at 0, 15, 225, 240 min post-treatment administration. Glucagon (20 mcg/kg, IM) was administered at 240 min and glucose and insulin were measured at 255, 265, 275, 285 and 300 min. Plasma MK-3577 concentrations peaked at 4.2 and 3.2 hours after 1 and 3 mg/kg dosing with a half-life of 14.8h and 15.5h respectively. Baseline glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations did not differ significantly between treatment groups. At a dose of 3 mg/kg, MK-3577 blunted the glucagon-stimulated rise of glucose (<em>p=</em>0.0089) and insulin (<em>p=</em>0.02). Similar trends were observed with MK-3577 at the 1 mg/kg dose but the effect was smaller, and not significant. In conclusion, the GRA MK-3577 has a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for diminishing the glucagon-induced rise of glucose and insulin in healthy cats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine fibroblast growth factors in domestic animals","authors":"Emily J. Brinker ,&nbsp;Michael R. Hardcastle ,&nbsp;Keren E. Dittmer ,&nbsp;Emily C. Graff","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a group of structurally homologous yet functionally pleiotropic proteins. Canonical and intracellular FGFs have primarily autocrine or paracrine effects. However, the FGF19 subfamily, composed of FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23, act as endocrine hormones that regulate bile acid, metabolic, and phosphorus homeostasis, respectively. Current research in human and rodent models demonstrates the potential of these endocrine FGFs to target various diseases, including disorders of inherited hypophosphatemia, chronic liver disease, obesity, and insulin resistance. Many diseases targeted for therapeutic use in humans have pathophysiological overlaps in domestic animals. Despite the potential clinical and economic impact, little is known about endocrine FGFs and their signaling pathways in major domestic animal species compared with humans and laboratory animals. This review aims to describe the physiology of these endocrine FGFs, discuss their current therapeutic use, and summarize the contemporary literature regarding endocrine FGFs in domestic animals, focusing on potential future directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0739724024000353/pdfft?md5=95b4cc62b1e98552fed88c7c5d9e54c4&pid=1-s2.0-S0739724024000353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between post-ACTH cortisol and trilostane dosage in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism","authors":"Fernanda Nastri Gouvêa ,&nbsp;Alessandra Martins Vargas ,&nbsp;Ednaldo Carvalho Guimarães ,&nbsp;Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti ,&nbsp;Caio Santos Pennacchi ,&nbsp;Hévila Dutra Barbosa de Cerqueira ,&nbsp;Luana de Oliveira Branco ,&nbsp;Natani Silva Reis ,&nbsp;Sofia Borin-Crivellenti","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trilostane is the current treatment of choice for managing pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) in dogs. While prescribing higher initial doses may elevate the risk of iatrogenic hypocortisolism, opting for more conservative approach could result in delayed disease control, since most individuals end up requiring dosage increases. The adrenocorticotrophin stimulation test (ACTHst), a widely recognized hormonal test for assessing adrenal function, is an essential tool for monitoring the pharmacological treatment of canine hypercortisolism (CH) that can also be used for diagnostic purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between post-ACTH cortisol (cpACTH) at PDH diagnosis and the required trilostane dose for sign control and endogenous cortisol regulation in dogs, considering a hypothesis that higher serum cpACTH concentration would necessitate a higher trilostane dosage for disease management. Data for 43 dogs with PDH had their diagnostic cpACTH recorded and correlated to the trilostane dosage necessary to control clinical signs and achieve satisfactory cortisol levels (ideally 2-7 μg/dL). The odds ratio (p=0.042) suggests that dogs with cpACTH ≥ 27 μg/dL at diagnosis are 96% more likely to need a higher trilostane dosage for achieving satisfactory control of PDH. Thus, cpACTH was found to be associated with the final trilostane dose for controlling PDH in dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106871"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the ovine liver and duodenum during early pregnancy","authors":"Hongxu Fang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongyue Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Ma,&nbsp;Leying Zhang,&nbsp;Ling Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liver and intestine play a critical role in nutrient absorption, storage, and metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression pattern of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway that included PI3K, AKT1, mTOR, FoxO1, SREBP-1, PPARα, PTEN and FXR in the maternal liver and duodenum. Ovine livers and duodenums were sampled at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation, and RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein expression. The results showed that expression of PI3K, AKT1, p-mTOR, FoxO1, SREBP-1 and PTEN upregulated in the maternal liver, and PPARα upregulated in the duodenum. However, expression of FoxO1, SREBP-1 and PTEN in the duodenum downregulated during early pregnancy. In addition, expression levels of SREBP-1, PTEN and PPARα in the maternal liver, and PI3K in the duodenum peaked at day 13 of pregnancy. In addition, expression levels of PI3K, p-mTOR and FoxO1 in the liver, and AKT1 and p-mTOR in the duodenum peaked at day 16 of pregnancy. Nevertheless, expression levels of FXR both in the maternal liver duodenum downregulated at days 13 and 16 of pregnancy. In conclusion, early pregnancy regulated expression pattern of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the ovine liver and duodenum in a pregnancy stage-specific and tissue-specific manner, which may be necessary for the adaptations in maternal hepatic nutrient metabolism and intestinal nutrient absorption early pregnancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106870"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic inflammation decreases arcuate kisspeptin expression in male sheep","authors":"AN Renwick ,&nbsp;BK Whitlock ,&nbsp;CC Nestor ,&nbsp;JA Daniel ,&nbsp;L Strickland ,&nbsp;AS Lear ,&nbsp;M Adkins ,&nbsp;C Griffin ,&nbsp;A Esteller-Vico","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria induces an immune response and impairs reproduction through suppression of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), subsequently luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. While there is evidence that acute inflammation inhibits kisspeptin, little is known about the impact of chronic inflammation on this key reproductive neuropeptide in livestock species. Thus, we sought to examine a central mechanism whereby LPS suppresses LH secretion in sheep. Twenty wethers were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: control (CON; n=4), single acute IV LPS dose (SAD; n=4), daily acute IV LPS dose (DAD; n=4), daily increasing IV LPS dose (DID; n=4), and chronic subcutaneous LPS dose (CSD; n=4). On Days 1 and 7, blood samples were collected every 12 minutes for 360 minutes using jugular venipuncture. Following blood collection on Day 7, all animals were euthanized, brain tissue was perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, and hypothalamic blocks were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry. On Day 1, LH pulse frequency was significantly lower (p=0.02) in SAD (0.25 ± 0.1 pulses/hour), DAD (0.25 ± 0.1 pulses/hour), DID (0.35 ± 0.1 pulses/hour), and CSD (0.40 ± 0.1 pulses/hour) compared to CON (0.70 ±0.1 pulses/hour). On Day 7, only DID animals (0.35 ± 0.1 pulses/hour) had significantly lower (p=0.049) LH pulse frequency compared to controls (0.85 ± 0.1 pulse/hour). Furthermore, only DID animals (33.3 ± 10.9 cells/section/animal) had significantly fewer (p=0.001) kisspeptin-immunopositive cells compared to controls (82.6 ± 13.6 cells/section/animal). Taken together, we suggest that daily increasing doses of LPS is a powerful inhibitor of kisspeptin neurons in young male sheep and a physiologically relevant model to examine the impact of chronic inflammation on the reproductive axis in livestock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 106868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}