Domestic animal endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Advances in our understanding of the estrous cycle and applications for improving targeted reproductive management in livestock","authors":"Robert A. Cushman ,&nbsp;Shelby L. Rosasco ,&nbsp;Kacie L. McCarthy ,&nbsp;Alexandria P. Snider ,&nbsp;George A. Perry ,&nbsp;Clay A. Lents","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scientific discipline of endocrinology has been invaluable to our understanding of the estrous cycle. In the second half of the twentieth century the development of immunoassay technologies provided a rapid and sensitive method to quantify circulating concentrations of reproductive hormones and relate them to stage of the estrous cycle and physiological status of the animal. Ovarian ultrasonography provided the ability to track the growth and regression of ovarian structures within the same animal across the estrous cycle in real time and, in combination with hormonal profiling, accurately identify mechanisms regulating the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Before this, the best technique had been serial collections with each animal being a single endpoint. The availability of continuous data such as daily hormone concentrations and daily follicular measurements within animals led to the improvement of methods to synchronize estrus in each of the species. Unfortunately, the use of radio-immunoassays has been declining for two decades. While enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have been developed for many endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors, their primary market is human medicine and rodent models of human health, leaving those available for livestock species economically infeasible. Automated sensors such as accelerometers apply the knowledge attained through decades of endocrinology and ultrasonography studies to identify females in estrus and measure parameters of the estrous cycle that are related to fertility. The ability of automated sensors to centralize and assimilate large amounts of behavioral and physiological data from numerous animals will enhance targeted reproductive management in livestock production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of GnRH administration on follicular development and ovulation during the early luteal phase in subtropical goats","authors":"Waqas Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan ,&nbsp;Amjad Riaz ,&nbsp;Khalid Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the ovulatory response to GnRH treatment based on the day of its administration in the first follicular wave of the estrous cycle in goats. We hypothesized that maximum ovulatory response with GnRH treatment is dependent on the day of its administration during the early luteal phase of estrous cycle. Forty-eight goats were presynchronized with a single dose of PGF_2α, and ultrasonography was performed to confirm ovulation (Day 0). Following ovulation, goats (<em>n</em> = 38) were randomly assigned to receive GnRH treatment on Days 2, 4, 6, or 8 of the estrous cycle. Follicular dynamics were assessed every 4 h after GnRH treatment and 37% of goats ovulated within 12.0 ± 1.5 h after treatment. Ovulation rate was significantly higher on Day 4 compared to Day 2 (<em>P</em> = 0.03) and gradually declined by Day 8. Goats with dominant follicles with diameters between 6.1 and 7.0 mm had significantly higher ovulation rate than goats &lt; 6.1 mm (<em>P</em> = 0.01). A strong negative correlation was found between dominant follicle diameter at the time of GnRH administration and anovulation (r_pb = -0.79). The growth rate of dominant follicles after GnRH administration remained higher in Day 4 than Day 8 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the interval to new follicular wave emergence was longer on Day 4 than on Days 2, 6 and 8 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, administering GnRH on Day 4 of the estrous cycle yielded the highest ovulatory response, particularly when the dominant follicle measured between 6.1-7.0 mm during the first follicular wave of estrous cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy-induced mechanisms regulating central and peripheral leptin sensitivity: lessons from sheep","authors":"Malgorzata Szczesna,&nbsp;Katarzyna Kirsz,&nbsp;Dorota A. Zieba","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review describes various aspects of the leptin resistance phenomenon and related physiological mechanisms that occur in pregnant sheep. Its main aim is to analyze the mechanisms that determine the occurrence of pregnancy-induced leptin resistance and to investigate the accompanying processes that affect the physiology of pregnancy and lactation in livestock. The main purpose of this analysis was to comprehensively understand the phenomenon of leptin resistance, including the causes of its emergence and its effects on nonrodent organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyses of widely targeted metabolic profiling reveal enhanced energy metabolism in well-developed testicular tissue of Hu sheep","authors":"Rongyu Yao,&nbsp;Peidi Zhao,&nbsp;Haiyu Ma,&nbsp;Wanhong Li,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Weng,&nbsp;Fadi Li,&nbsp;Xiangpeng Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy supply is crucial for testicular development. Nevertheless, the specific alterations in the energy metabolic pathways that affect testicular development have not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to investigate the variations in metabolites and alterations in energy metabolic pathways in the testes of <em>Hu</em> sheep with different developmental status at 6 months of age. Twelve rams with similar body weights but distinct testis developmental status were selected among 345 <em>Hu</em> sheep based on testis size and histomorphology results, and they were divided into the well-developed (L group, <em>n</em> = 6) and developmentally delayed group (S group, <em>n</em> = 6). A total of 660 metabolites were identified via widely targeted metabolic analysis. Among 148 differentially expressed metabolites, 78 were up-regulated and 70 were downregulated in the L group compared with the S group. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that a significant proportion of the identified differential metabolites was implicated in energy metabolism-related pathways. Moreover, the L group exhibited significantly higher expression levels of genes involved in glycolysis (GLTU8 and LDH), TCA (PDHA2, CS and IDH3G), gluconeogenesis (PCK1), pentose phosphate (G6PD), and fatty acid degradation (GK, ACSL1, FABP3, CPT1 and CTP2). The activity enzymes such as citrate synthase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase also increased in the L group. In summary, this observation implied that the augmentation of energy metabolic pathways plays a crucial role in facilitating testicular development. The upregulation of energy metabolic pathways collectively facilitates the testicular development in <em>Hu</em> sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active immunization with a novel recombinant GnRH vaccine inhibits reproductive function in male goats","authors":"Moyan Di ,&nbsp;Xinbao Gong ,&nbsp;Yanyun Zhu ,&nbsp;Shibao Guo ,&nbsp;Zhihao Pan ,&nbsp;Mengxian Li ,&nbsp;Zhuoya Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuelan Liu ,&nbsp;Ya Liu ,&nbsp;Yunsheng Li ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Fugui Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines have been widely used to effectively inhibit gonadal development and reproductive function. To improve the immunogenicity of GnRH, we developed and evaluated the effects of GnRH6-kisspeptin-CRM197 immunization on the reproductive function in male goats. Thirty 3-month-old male goats (n = 30) were randomly assigned to control, surgical, and immunized groups. The immunized group received a 2 mL injection of the GnRH6-kisspeptin-CRM197 with a booster administered four weeks later. The control group was administered a white oil adjuvant. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals, and at week 20, the animals were euthanized for tissue collection. Serum antibody titers and testosterone levels were measured using ELISA and CLIA, respectively. Testicular parameters and histology were evaluated. The mRNA levels of reproductive-related genes in the HPG axis were measured using RT-qPCR. The results showed that the immunized goats had significantly increased serum GnRH and kisspeptin antibodies (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) but decreased testosterone concentrations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared to the control group. Testicular size and histology were significantly affected in the immunized group, with notable reductions in testicular weight and dimensions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and evidence of vacuolar degeneration and suppressed sperm production. The mRNA levels of <em>FSHβ</em> and <em>LHβ</em> in the pituitary, as well as <em>FSHR, LHR, 3βHSD</em>, and <em>17βHSD</em> in the testis, were significantly lower in the immunized group compared to controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that GnRH6-kisspeptin-CRM197 is a safe antigen and a promising immunocastration vaccine with enhanced efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106908"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"17β-estradiol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and pyroptosis of Leydig cells of the domestic yak (Bos grunniens) via the SIRT1/Nox4/ROS pathway","authors":"Junyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Yanmei Yang ,&nbsp;Lin He ,&nbsp;Chongfa Yang ,&nbsp;Yahua Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Wen He ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Niu ,&nbsp;Zhou Chen ,&nbsp;Songming Hu ,&nbsp;Jin'e Wang ,&nbsp;Yingpai Zhaxi ,&nbsp;Shengdong Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estradiol (E2) secreted by Leydig cells (LCs) can accumulate in the testes due to constriction of the reproductive lumen. Estrogen is not only important for reproduction, but also protects against inflammation. In this study, the role of pyroptosis in testicular inflammation and the effects of E2 against inflammation and pyroptosis of yak interstitial cells were investigated. Inflamed testes exhibited structural damage and pyroptosis with decreased E2, testosterone, and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) levels in testicular fluid. E2 alone inhibited testosterone secretion and increased ERβ expression in mature LCs. In LCs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes inflammation by activation of TNF-α and IL-6, and pyroptosis via activation of the classical and non-classical pyroptosis pathways. LPS inhibits sex hormone secretion and ERβ expression in LCs. E2 inhibited the LPS-induced decrease of ER expression in LCs and also inhibited LPS-induced interstitial cell inflammation and pyroptosis, which was partially blocked by Selisistat (EX-527, SIRT1 inhibitor) or Fulvestrant (ICI 182,780, E2 non-genomic receptor inhibitors). In conclusion, E2 relieved LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptosis of yak LCs via the SIRT1/Nox4/ROS pathway. This finding provides new insights into the role of estrogen in male reproductive health and offers a potential therapeutic strategy to improve testicular immune and reproductive function by modulating hormonal homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor maternal nutrition during gestation in sheep alters key hormonal systems involved in energy homeostasis and appetite in the offspring","authors":"Nicole M. Tillquist,&nbsp;Kristen E. Govoni,&nbsp;Steven A. Zinn,&nbsp;Sarah A. Reed","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disturbances in maternal nutrient availability through increased or decreased abundance of specific or total nutrients during pre-natal development can have negative impacts on offspring growth. These changes are likely mediated, at least in part, by hormonal systems that control energy homeostasis and appetite. Regulation of insulin signaling is critical to ensuring appropriate glucose homeostasis. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation impacts circulating glucose and insulin concentration in both the dam and offspring, reducing circulating insulin and glucose in offspring of restricted-fed dams and increased circulating insulin and glucose in the offspring of over-fed dams. Leptin and ghrelin are key regulators of appetite and feed intake. Offspring of over-fed ewes often exhibit leptin resistance, which may lead to changes in adiposity. Leptin responses in offspring of restricted-fed ewes are not well defined, although restricted-fed ewes themselves exhibit decreased circulating leptin concentrations. Little is known about the effects of poor maternal nutrition on offspring ghrelin. Glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones are required for appropriate fetal development. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes in the offspring, although the effects vary according to the type, duration, timing, and severity of the nutritional insult. The relationships between insulin, leptin, ghrelin, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones can result in synergistic effects, exacerbating negative outcomes for the offspring. The impacts of poor maternal nutrition are multi-faceted, and the resulting alterations in body composition can continue to impact hormone regulation beyond the initial insult caused by poor maternal nutrition during gestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in non-diabetic cats with chronic kidney disease","authors":"J.P. Rey Amunategui ,&nbsp;E.M. Molina ,&nbsp;G.A. Pompili ,&nbsp;J. Mas ,&nbsp;O.P. Pignataro ,&nbsp;D.D. Miceli","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline hypersomatotropism (HST) can develop in both diabetic and non-diabetic cats, but studies evaluating the prevalence of HST in cats without diabetes mellitus (DM) are lacking. The aims of the study were to evaluate circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in non-diabetic cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), to assess whether there is a correlation between general test of renal function and IGF-1 concentration in cats with CKD, and to screen this population for the presence of HST. In this prospective study, one hundred fifty-four non-diabetic cats (<em>n</em> = 154) with CKD from referral centers in Buenos Aires (Argentina) were evaluated. Serum IGF-1 concentration was measured as part of the routine tests for CKD and compared with a healthy control group of 50 cats without CKD. The median serum IGF-1 concentration in the total population of cats with CKD was 500 ng/mL (range 34–1593 ng/mL). Median serum IGF-1 concentrations of cats with IRIS stage 1 (<em>n</em> = 13), stage 2 (<em>n</em> = 86), stage 3 (<em>n</em> = 40) and stage 4 (<em>n</em> = 15) of CKD were 230 ng/mL (range 58–951 ng/mL), 473 ng/mL (range 34–1456 ng/mL), 597 ng/mL (range 123–1593 ng/mL), 569 ng/mL (range 123–1045 ng/mL), respectively. None of the cats in the control group had IGF-1 concentration &gt;1000 ng/mL (median 505 ng/mL, range 114–720 ng/mL). There was a positive linear correlation between serum IGF-1 and creatinine concentrations in cats with CKD (r= 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.06–0.37 <em>P</em>=0.005). A proportion of 5.8% (95% confidence interval 2.7-10.8%) of non-diabetic cats with CKD had markedly increased IGF-1 concentrations (cut-off IGF-1 &gt;1000 ng/mL). Pituitary enlargement was detected on computed tomography in 3/4 of these cases. Eighteen cats (11.6%) had serum IGF-1 concentrations in the “grey zone” between 800 and 1000 ng/mL. A small proportion of non-diabetic cats with CKD had an IGF-1 concentration in a range that is consistent with HST in diabetic cats. Likewise, the progression of CKD in cats without DM correlates with increases in serum IGF-1 concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Anti-Müllerian hormone serum concentration measured in proestrus and estrus with the litter size as a fertility marker in bitches","authors":"Theresa Hornberger ,&nbsp;Sven Reese ,&nbsp;Klaus Perbandt ,&nbsp;Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg ,&nbsp;Beate Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) serum concentration as a fertility marker has been shown in cows, sheep and mares and has been indicated in one study in female dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between the AMH serum concentration, taken at two defined time points during the bitch`s heat, and the litter size to investigate whether AMH can be used as a practical measurement for the individual breeding bitch to predict litter size. The study was carried out on 27 healthy female dogs presented for pre-breeding examination, considering all previously known influencing factors on AMH in the bitch such as age, body weight and estrous cycle phase at the time the sample was taken. Due to the AMH increase in early proestrus and its drop around ovulation, AMH was measured in blood samples taken within the first three days of heat (AMH1) and near ovulation (AMH2) with AMH1 being significantly higher than AMH 2 (p &lt; 0.001). There was a highly significant negative correlation of body weight and AMH at both sampling times (p &lt; 0.001). There were no significant results when the dogs were paired and grouped according to high or low AMH concentrations, but a significant effect of AMH serum concentration on litter size was found in the multifactorial analysis when the dogs were matched according to their body weight (AMH1: p = 0.022; AMH2: p = 0.030). In conclusion, a significant effect of the AMH concentration and the litter size among female dogs with matching body weight could be found, but a much larger sample collection is needed to evaluate reference intervals for AMH for bitches of different weight to predict the fertility of an individual bitch in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 106897"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure of the porcine uterine-conceptus interface is associated with gestational day, fetal size and sex","authors":"Tailine Rayane Lima Reis ,&nbsp;João Vitor Lopes-Ferreira ,&nbsp;Karen Beatriz Guerra ,&nbsp;Luana Alice Boggione da Silva ,&nbsp;Claire Stenhouse ,&nbsp;Cheryl Joy Ashworth ,&nbsp;Enrrico Bloise ,&nbsp;Hélio Chiarini-Garcia ,&nbsp;Fernanda Radicchi Campos Lobato de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to characterize histological changes of the maternal-conceptus interface in feto-placental units associated with fetal weight and sex throughout pregnancy. Pregnant Large-White X Landrace gilts(n=18) were euthanized and hysterectomized on gestational days[GDs] 30(n=3), 45(n=5), 60(n=5), and 90(n=5). Intact cross-sections of fetoplacental interface associated with the lightest[LW] and normally-grown[NW] littermates were collected on GD30(n=4 per size). On GDs 45, 60 and 90, interactions between fetal size and sex were investigated in light-weight males[LWM] and females[LWF]; normal-weight males[NWM] and females[NWF] (n=4/group/GD). Fetal weight did not affect the endometrium composition, including relative proportion of glandular epithelium, blood vessels, and connective tissue. Feto-placental units from LW embryos tended to have longer chorioallantoic fold length on GD30(P=0.06). On GD45, higher proportion of larger endometrial glands was observed in NWM, and taller trophoblastic epithelium in NW conceptuses, regardless of sex(P&lt;0.05). NWF presented the greatest proportion of subluminal endometrial epithelial blood vessels(P&lt;0.05). On GD60, more blood vessels were present at the folds’ base in males feto-placental units, whereas taller trophoblastic epithelium were present in NWF fetuses’ feto-placental units(P&lt;0.05). Feto-placental units’ morphological composition throughout gestation in NW and LW conceptuses revealed that fold length was higher as early as GD30, with no further increase up to GD90 in LW conceptuses(P&gt;0.05). Increased proportion of glandular epithelium was observed in LW conceptuses; the highest percentage present on GD90(P&lt;0.05). Collectively, we demonstrated that fetal weight and sex influence the morphological structure of feto-placental units from as early as GD30, suggesting potential differences in the ability for nutrient transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11356,"journal":{"name":"Domestic animal endocrinology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 106895"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}