Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"N-Lactoyl Amino Acids: Emerging Biomarkers in Metabolism and Disease","authors":"Khaled Naja,&nbsp;Laila Hedaya,&nbsp;Asma A. Elashi,&nbsp;Manfredi Rizzo,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Elrayess","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>N-lactoyl amino acids (Lac-AA) form an emerging class of metabolites that have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ubiquitous presence in different biological systems and potential roles in various biochemical processes. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of Lac-AA, emphasising their biosynthesis, physiological roles, and potential implications in various diseases. We discuss the discovery of Lac-AA as signalling molecules, and their involvement in exercise-induced appetite suppression, energy metabolism, and other pathways. This review explores the complex relationship between Lac-AA and various pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders, type 2 diabetes, phenylketonuria, cancer, and rosacea. We also examine the interplay between Lac-AA and the gut microbiota, as well as their association with metformin treatment. Furthermore, we address the ongoing debate regarding whether Lac-AA are merely reflections of lactate and amino acid levels or independent signalling molecules. This review synthesises the latest research findings, highlights the significance of Lac-AA in metabolic research, and identifies promising avenues for future investigation in this rapidly evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision Loss as a Rising Global Health Challenge: Comprehensive Analysis of High Fasting Plasma Glucose Burden and Projections to 2035","authors":"Zhirui Zhang,&nbsp;Changxing Liu,&nbsp;Xufang Tan,&nbsp;Jiadi Wang,&nbsp;Jing Yao","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vision loss caused by high fasting plasma glucose (HFG) is a growing global health concern. This study evaluates the global and regional burden of HFG-attributable vision loss from 1990 to 2021 and projects future trends through 2035.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we assessed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries, stratified by gender, age, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Temporal trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression, and projections were made using ARIMA modelling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global DALYs due to HFG-related vision loss rose from 613,694 in 1990 to 1,674,401 in 2021. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa experienced the highest burdens, especially among females and older adults. Although age-standardized DALY rates slightly declined globally, they remained elevated in low-SDI regions. Projections suggest a continued increase through 2035.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The burden of vision loss due to HFG is rising, with stark regional and demographic disparities. Urgent, targeted interventions are needed to reduce this growing health burden, particularly in low-SDI areas and among high-risk populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for the Management of Diabetes During Ramadan Applying the Principles of the ADA/ EASD Consensus: Update 2025","authors":"Mahmoud Ibrahim,&nbsp;Ebtesam M. Ba-Essa,&nbsp;Asma Ahmed,&nbsp;Ehtasham Ahmad,&nbsp;Firas A. Annabi,&nbsp;Hanene Chaabane,&nbsp;Dario Tuccinardi,&nbsp;Melanie J. Davies,&nbsp;Francesco De Domenico,&nbsp;Robert H. Eckel,&nbsp;Nancy Elbarbary,&nbsp;Pamela Houeiss,&nbsp;Silvia Manfrini,&nbsp;Shabeen Naz Masood,&nbsp;Omar Mobarak,&nbsp;Shehla Shaikh,&nbsp;Safia Mimouni-Zerguini,&nbsp;Guillermo E. Umpierrez","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ramadan fasting is a sacred ritual observed by approximately 1.8 billion Muslims each year, most of whom adhere to fasting due to its significance as a core pillar of Islam. Able-bodied Muslims who are capable of fasting are religiously required to do so. Ramadan is profoundly spiritual and of great importance in the Muslim community that occurs for roughly 30 days, in alignment with the lunar calendar. During Ramadan, Muslims abstain from food and drink for 11–16 h a day on average; however, this could be significantly shorter or longer depending on the season and the geographic location, ultimately breaking their fast during the sunset meal ‘Iftaar’. Before the great strides were taken in the management of diabetes, these patients were initially considered not able to observe this holy month, creating significant frustration and disconnect with their families and loved ones. As patient outcomes improved through the emergence of better pharmacotherapy and increasing use of technology, these restrictions have been reconsidered. This prompted us to create the 2005 first global statement regarding best practices in the management of diabetes during Ramadan as an official American Diabetes Association (ADA) report. Since then, we have received numerous requests and comments asking for updated versions that include the latest data, medications, and technology. We decided to issue an update every 5 years, including 2010, 2015 and 2020. Our updated recommendations collate some of the more directly implicative findings on patient care for Ramadan fasting and align closely with the ADA's consensus for diabetes management. We recommend the prioritisation of pharmacologic therapies with a low risk profile for hypoglycaemia. Technological advancements, including integrated pump-sensor systems, hybrid closed-loop systems, and artificial intelligence (AI)-equipped continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, show great promise in the monitoring of blood glucose levels and can provide tangible reductions in hypoglycaemia episodes, suggesting possible utility in the facilitation of fasting in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Our recommendations align with the ADA consensus for the use of CGM devices, in concordance with appropriate time in range (TIR) targets to reduce hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability. The implications of Ramadan fasting on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk remain uncertain due to the sparsity of evidence, but the literature suggests an increased risk. Until more conclusive evidence is reported, we advise patients with a high ASCVD risk to avoid Ramadan fasting. We emphasise the pivotal role primary care providers (PCPs) have in counselling, managing, and following patients who intend to fast and advise counselling to begin ideally 6–8 weeks prior to Ramadan start, with particular recommendations to be given to patients post-bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Type 2 Diabetes Care With CGM Integration: Insights From an Italian Expert Group","authors":"Concetta Irace,&nbsp;Angelo Avogaro,&nbsp;Federico Bertuzzi,&nbsp;Raffaella Buzzetti,&nbsp;Riccardo Candido,&nbsp;Stefano Del Prato,&nbsp;Paolo Di Bartolo,&nbsp;Paolo Fiorina,&nbsp;Carlo Bruno Giorda,&nbsp;Francesco Giorgino","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a pandemic and strongly impact patients' prognosis. Several barriers may hamper the achievement of good glycaemic control, which is the aim of diabetes care. These include but are not limited to poor treatment adherence, poor self-management, and heterogeneity of the disease context. Diabetes self-management is critical, particularly in insulin-treated patients and it is largely based on glucose monitoring, which allows recording glucose levels to make informed decisions with respect to meals, exercise, and other daily-life activities. For decades, glucose monitoring has been based on self-measurement of capillary blood glucose, which has some obvious important limitations. With the start of the new century, systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have become available. These systems measure subcutaneous interstitial glucose levels in a continuous or intermittent manner. They allow a better description of daily glucose pattern and glycaemic trend, a more accurate identification of glucose peaks and identification of otherwise unrecognised hypoglycaemic episodes, and a more reliable assessment of the stability of glycaemic control. CGM has been repeatedly shown to improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Over the years however, evidence has been gathered on the CGM use in T2D on different treatment regimens and wider applications are clearly desired. The aim of this expert opinion paper is to summarise the currently available evidence on CGM use across the whole spectrum of T2D and suggest practical indications beyond current guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on the Dementia Incidence in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study","authors":"Hung-Wen Cheng,&nbsp;Shun-Fa Yang,&nbsp;Pei-Lun Liao,&nbsp;Chiu-Hsian Lee,&nbsp;Gwo-Ping Jong","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized for increasing the risk of dementia; however, conclusive evidence supporting interventions to mitigate this risk remains elusive. This study endeavours to ascertain whether the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) correlate with reduced incidence of dementia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cohort comprised individuals initiating treatment with either GLP-1RAs or non-GLP-1RAs medications between 201<span>3</span> and 2021. This study examined the association between GLP-1RAs and the risk of all-cause dementia. Propensity score-matched and Cox proportional hazard models were employed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of dementia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among a cohort comprising 109,778 individuals, the use of GLP-1RA demonstrated a reduced risk of dementia compared with its non-use (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.97). Subgroup analyses stratified by different diabetic complications revealed significantly lower dementia incidence rates among GLP-1RAs users than among non-GLP-1RAs users. Individuals aged ≤ 75 years demonstrated a significant protective effect within GLP-1RAs users.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The utilization of GLP-1 receptor agonists instead of non-GLP-1RAs medications demonstrated an association with a decreased incidence of dementia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Prediabetes, Diabetes and Glucose-Related Markers With Cognition and Neuroimaging in a 2-Year Multidomain Lifestyle Randomised Controlled Trial","authors":"Thais Lorenzo,&nbsp;Tiia Ngandu,&nbsp;Jenni Lehtisalo,&nbsp;Riitta Antikainen,&nbsp;Juan Domingo Gispert,&nbsp;Nina Kemppainen,&nbsp;Tiina Laatikainen,&nbsp;Jaana Lindström,&nbsp;Juha Rinne,&nbsp;Hilkka Soininen,&nbsp;Timo Strandberg,&nbsp;Rafael de la Torre,&nbsp;Jaakko Tuomilehto,&nbsp;Alina Solomon,&nbsp;Miia Kivipelto","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few longitudinal studies have explored Oral Glucose Tolerance Test markers (OGTT) and both cognitive and brain changes. We investigated OGTT and other glycaemia and insulin resistance markers, and cognitive and neuroimaging changes in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At-risk individuals aged 60–77 years without dementia (<i>N</i> = 1259) were randomly enrolled in a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention or regular health advice program. 1025 participants without previously diagnosed diabetes underwent OGTT. Brain MRI scans were available for 132 participants and amyloid (PiB)-PET and FDG-PET scans for 47. Cognition was assessed using the modified Neuropsychological Test Battery (mNTB).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher baseline dysglycaemia measures, particularly those from the OGTT, were connected to less favourable changes in multiple cognitive measures and hippocampal volume. Higher baseline triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was associated with higher amyloid accumulation and decline in brain glucose metabolism. Higher baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was related to favourable changes in processing speed and cortical thickness. There were no significant intervention-control differences in the change in glycaemia markers. Baseline dysglycaemia and glycaemia-related markers did not modify the previously reported intervention benefits on cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher baseline dysglycaemia measures are linked to more deleterious changes in cognition. Specifically, OGTT measures may be the most sensitive for detecting subtle glycaemic abnormalities associated with both unfavourable cognitive and neuroimaging changes. However, HbA1c shows mixed associations with cognition and neuroimaging in people at risk of dementia without previously diagnosed diabetes. This study emphasises the importance of more accurate glucose-related markers when investigating early stages of glucose metabolism abnormalities and their relationship to subtle cognitive impairment and its structural brain correlates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ID NCT01041989 https://clinicaltrials.gov</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risks of Osteoarthritis and Arthroplasty in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohorts Retrospective Study","authors":"Yu-Chi Su,&nbsp;Pei-Chun Hsieh,&nbsp;Edward Chia-Cheng Lai,&nbsp;Yu-Ching Lin","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) may have the potential to lower the risk of osteoarthritis through an anti-inflammatory mechanism. This study compared the risks of new-onset osteoarthritis and joint replacement surgery between new users of SGLT2is and new users of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a propensity score-matched cohort retrospective study by using data obtained from the TriNetX platform. The Global Collaborative Network of TriNetX includes approximately 131 million patients from 109 health care organisations. First, new users of SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified. Two homogeneous groups were established through propensity score matching. The study outcomes were the risks of new-onset osteoarthritis and joint replacement surgery of the hip or knee. Hazard ratios (HRs) along with 95% CIs were calculated using the TriNetX platform.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initially, the SGLT2is and GLP-1 RA groups comprised 51,177 and 52,977 patients, respectively. After matching, each group comprised 37,676 patients. The mean age of the patients was 59.5 years. Approximately 45% of the patients in both groups were women. The SGLT2is group had significantly lower risks of new-onset osteoarthritis (HR: 0.951; 95% CI: 0.916–0.988) and joint replacement surgery (HR: 0.703; 95% CI: 0.550–0.898) than the GLP-1 RA group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SGLT2is use was associated with reduced risks of new-onset osteoarthritis and joint replacement surgery compared with GLP-1 RA use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Physical Activity in Reducing Diabetic Kidney Disease Risk in Adults: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2018","authors":"Wirampa Tanglai,&nbsp;Apichai Wattanapisit,&nbsp;Osamu Watanabe,&nbsp;Thanakrit Jeamjitvibool,&nbsp;Mark Lockwood,&nbsp;Mia Cajita","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore the relationship between PA domains, PA intensity, sedentary time, cardiometabolic factors, inflammatory markers, and risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in adults. It also examined potential moderators of the relationship between PA and DKD including age, race and ethnicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study used data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included participants aged ≥ 18 years. The survey subjectively measured PA using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. After conducting multiple imputations to address missing data, we performed hierarchical logistic regression to identify factors significantly associated with DKD diagnosis and to examine moderating effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DKD prevalence was 13.32%. Non-Hispanic Black participants showed higher odds of DKD than non-Hispanic White participants. Age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, haemoglobin A1C, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, sedentary time, and occupation-related PA were significant predictors of DKD. Although age, race and ethnicity were significant predictors of DKD, we observed no moderating effects of these variables on the PA-DKD risk relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiometabolic markers, inflammatory markers, and sedentary time significantly increase DKD risk, whereas occupation-related PA serves as a protective factor. This study highlights the need for interventions promoting a more active lifestyle in diabetic populations to mitigate their DKD risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pep19: A Novel Approach for Reducing Visceral Fat and Improving Sleep Quality in Obese Adults—Results From an Early-Stage Clinical Trial","authors":"Andrea S. Heimann,&nbsp;Prachi Singh,&nbsp;Emer S. Ferro,&nbsp;Frank Greenway,&nbsp;Arnon Krongrad","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conformational-sensitive antibodies were used to identify the orally active peptide DIIADDEPLT (Pep19) as an inverse agonist of cannabinoid type 1 receptor. Pep19 safely improved metabolic parameters in murine models of diet-induced obesity, and in healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate Pep19's impact on quality of life and body composition in obese adults, hypothesising that the metabolic effects of Pep19 observed in animal models could translate to humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subjects, males (<i>n</i> = 12) and females (<i>n</i> = 12), from 46 to 59 years old, weighing 91–106 kg, body mass index between 30 and 35 kg/m², were evaluated over 60 days in a placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial; participants received either a placebo, 2 or 5 mg Pep19 capsules once daily at bedtime. The primary endpoint was a broad measure of quality of life assessed using validated questionnaires. The key secondary endpoints included weight loss, reduction in visceral fat (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and changes in waist, hip, and chest measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pep19 was well tolerated with no reported adverse effects. Remarkable reductions in visceral fat were observed in the 5 mg Pep19 group, with a 17 ± 4.7% loss (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), without any change in lean mass. Additionally, sleep quality improved significantly by 35 ± 10% in the 2 mg Pep19 group and 25 ± 16% in the 5 mg Pep19 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the 5 mg Pep19 group, significant reductions in body weight and waist circumferences were also observed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the limitations related to the use of convenience sampling, a small sample size, and a short intervention duration, which may restrict generalisation and health claims, Pep19 demonstrates exceptional innovative potential as a novel approach to reduce visceral fat and improve sleep quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contributions of Risk Factor Modifications to the Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Antidiabetic Treatment: A Meta-Regression Analysis and Model-Based Analysis","authors":"Xingyun Zhu,&nbsp;Chu Lin,&nbsp;Zonglin Li,&nbsp;Xiaoling Cai,&nbsp;Fang Lv,&nbsp;Wenjia Yang,&nbsp;Linong Ji","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-regression analysis and model-based analysis aimed to assess the contributions of the risk factors and identify the predominant ones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials with reports of cardiovascular events in patients receiving antidiabetic treatments. Five treatment-response factors such as changes in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and six baseline factors such as HbA1c, SBP, body weight, LDL-C, eGFR and age were included in the analyses. Eligible data were first analysed by a meta-regression analysis and then by a mathematical model-based analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In all 41 studies were included. Among all treatment response factors, reduction in body weight and SBP were key factors in lowering cardiovascular risk. A 5-kg body weight reduction accounted for 5%, 33%, 11.6%, 13% and 31.2% risk reduction in MACE, CV death, MI, stroke, and HHF, respectively. A 5-mmHg SBP reduction contributed 42.3%, 34.9%, 38.5%, 11% and 21.4% to the risk reduction in MACE, CV death, MI, stroke and HHF, respectively. Among all baseline factors, an increase in the baseline body weight was the main contributor to cardiovascular risk reduction. A 5-kg increase in baseline body weight was associated with 12.5%, 3.5%, 6.5% and 8.4% risk reduction in MACE, CV death, MI, and stroke, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reduction in body weight and SBP level were the dominant contributors to cardiovascular risk reduction among all 11 included potential factors. The treatment response factors might be more crucial to reduce cardiovascular risk when compared with baseline factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}