Sarcopenia and Its Impact on Sexual Health: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Sarcopenia is increasingly recognised for its detrimental effects on functional status and quality of life. When combined with obesity, in a condition known as sarcopenic obesity, these effects are further exacerbated by metabolic and hormonal dysfunctions. In this scenario, emerging evidence suggests that these conditions may also negatively impact sexual health. To explore this relationship, we conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42025646427). Out of 943 identified articles, only seven met the eligibility criteria. The majority of studies, mainly cross-sectional studies conducted in older men, except one, reported a strong association between sarcopenia (or its components) and sexual dysfunctions, particularly erectile dysfunction. However, significant heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and the limited number of studies focusing on women lead to non-conclusive results. Further longitudinal studies with larger, standardised cohorts are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, establish causal relationships, and develop tailored interventions for optimised treatment. Finally, this systematic review allows more attention to be paid to a topic that has really been little discussed and lays the groundwork for soliciting new insights, particularly in women.