Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of glomerular hyperfiltration in adults with type 2 diabetes: A population-based study","authors":"Domenico Tricò,&nbsp;Gian Paolo Fadini,&nbsp;Mario Luca Morieri,&nbsp;Riccardo Candido,&nbsp;Olga Eugenia Disoteo,&nbsp;Simona Frontoni,&nbsp;Anna Solini,&nbsp;PIONEERING EXPERIENCE study group","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3782","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3782","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glomerular hyperfiltration characterises the earliest stage of diabetic nephropathy and predicts adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of glomerular hyperfiltration in a population-based contemporary cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of unequivocal glomerular hyperfiltration (defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate &gt;120 mL/min/1.73 m²) and its associated risk factors were identified in a cohort of 202,068 adult patients with T2D receiving specialist care in 2021–2022, whose center-aggregated data were automatically extracted from electronic medical records of 75 diabetes clinics in Italy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glomerular hyperfiltration was identified in 1262 (0.6%) participants. The prevalence of glomerular hyperfiltration varied widely across centers (0%–3.4%) and correlated with mean center age, HbA_1c, body mass index (BMI), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Patients in centers with high glomerular hyperfiltration prevalence (&gt;0.8%) were more often men and had lower age and BMI, but more frequent albuminuria and worse glucose, lipid, and blood pressure control, compared with low-normal prevalence centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unequivocal glomerular hyperfiltration can be identified in up to 3.4% of patients receiving up-to-date specialist diabetes care. Glomerular hyperfiltration prevalence varies across centers and substantially increases with suboptimal control of metabolic risk factors, which would require improved management to mitigate the negative health consequences of this pathological condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcer complicated with lower extremity vasculopathy: Consensus recommendation from the Chinese Medical Association (CMA), Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA)","authors":"Kejia Wang,&nbsp;Yunchuan Wang,&nbsp;Wenlong Shi,&nbsp;Kuo Shen,&nbsp;Ke Tao,&nbsp;Rui Ling,&nbsp;Yuesheng Huang,&nbsp;Xiaobing Fu,&nbsp;Dahai Hu","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3776","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3776","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetic foot ulcer complicated with lower extremity vasculopathy is highly prevalent, slow healing and have a poor prognosis. The final progression leads to amputation, or may even be life-threatening, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. The treatment of lower extremity vasculopathy is the focus of clinical practice and is vital to improving the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers. Recently, a number of clinical trials on diabetic foot ulcers with lower extremity vasculopathy have been reported. A joint group of Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA) expert representatives reviewed and reached a consensus on the guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this kind of disease. These guidelines are based on evidence from the literature and cover the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers complicated with lower extremity vasculopathy and the application of new treatment approaches. These guidelines have been put forward to guide practitioners on the best approaches for screening, diagnosing and treating diabetic foot ulcers with lower extremity vasculopathy, with the aim of providing optimal, evidence-based management for medical personnel working with diabetic foot wound repair and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin requirements during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump","authors":"Nimrod Dori-Dayan,&nbsp;Tali Cukierman-Yaffe,&nbsp;Roni Zemet,&nbsp;Ohad Cohen,&nbsp;Keren Levi,&nbsp;Shali Mazaki-Tovi,&nbsp;Rakefet Yoeli-Ullman","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3771","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3771","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insulin requirement in women with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) changes throughout pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the total change in insulin requirements and the effect of gestational weight gain (GWG) and pre-gestational BMI on insulin requirements during pregnancy in women with T1DM treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This historical cohort study included all consecutive women with T1DM who were monitored during pregnancy at the high-risk pregnancy clinic at a tertiary medical center during April 2011–April 2019. One Way Repeated Measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment was conducted to compare the effects of gestational age on insulin requirements and a Two Way Repeated Measures ANOVA was employed to test for the interaction between gestational age intervals and maternal BMI and GWG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data regarding insulin requirements of 185 pregnancies were included in the analyses. There was a significant effect of gestational age on total insulin (Wilks' Lambda = 0.34, F(6,14) = 4.52, <i>p</i> = 0.009), basal insulin (Wilks' Lambda = 0.41, F(6,14) = 3.30, <i>p</i> = 0.031) and bolus insulin (Wilks' Lambda = 0.43, F(6,14) = 3.02, <i>p</i> = 0.041). Total insulin/kg requirements increased by 5.5% from 13–20 weeks to 20–26 weeks, 19% from 20–26 weeks to 26–33 weeks, and 17.4% from 26 to 33 weeks to delivery (<i>p</i> for trend = 0.009). Overall, insulin requirements increased by 42.1% from conception to delivery (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant main effect of maternal BMI or GWG on insulin requirements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a significant increase in insulin requirements per kg during pregnancy in women with T1DM who were treated with an insulin pump.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors on the risk of incident cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: A real-world evidence study","authors":"Hui-Lin Sung,&nbsp;Chuan-Yu Hung,&nbsp;Yu-Chun Tung,&nbsp;Chih-Chung Lin,&nbsp;Tung-Han Tsai,&nbsp;Kuang-Hua Huang","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3784","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3784","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have been demonstrated to be associated with cancer cell mechanisms. However, whether they increase the risk of cancer remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between SGLT-2i use and the incidence of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cohort study was based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. The study population comprised patients with DM, and those who first used SGLT-2is during 2016–2018 were assigned to the study group. Greedy propensity score matching was performed to select patients who first used dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), and these patients were assigned to the control group. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer risk in the study and control groups; this model was adjusted for demographic characteristics, DM severity, comorbidities and concomitant medication use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After controlling for relevant variables, the SGLT-2i cohort (aHR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.87–0.93) had a significantly lower risk of developing cancer than the DPP-4i cohort, particularly when the SGLT-2i was dapagliflozin (aHR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87–0.95) or empagliflozin (aHR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86–0.94). Regarding cancer type, the SGLT-2i cohort's risk of cancer was significantly lower than that of the DPP-4i cohort for leukaemia, oesophageal, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, lung, skin and bladder cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SGLT-2i use was associated with a significantly lower risk of cancer than DPP-4i use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical care advice for monitoring of islet autoantibody positive individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes","authors":"A. Emile J. Hendriks,&nbsp;M. Loredana Marcovecchio,&nbsp;Rachel E. J. Besser,&nbsp;Ezio Bonifacio,&nbsp;Kristina Casteels,&nbsp;Helena Elding Larsson,&nbsp;Gita Gemulla,&nbsp;Markus Lundgren,&nbsp;Olga Kordonouri,&nbsp;Roberto Mallone,&nbsp;Flemming Pociot,&nbsp;Agnieszka Szypowska,&nbsp;Jorma Toppari,&nbsp;Thekla von dem Berge,&nbsp;Anette G. Ziegler,&nbsp;Chantal Mathieu,&nbsp;Peter Achenbach,&nbsp;INNODIA consortium, the Fr1da Study Group and the GPPAD Study Group","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3777","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3777","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that involves the development of autoantibodies against pancreatic islet beta-cell antigens, preceding clinical diagnosis by a period of preclinical disease activity. As screening activity to identify autoantibody-positive individuals increases, a rise in presymptomatic type 1 diabetes individuals seeking medical attention is expected. Current guidance on how to monitor these individuals in a safe but minimally invasive way is limited. This article aims to provide clinical guidance for monitoring individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes to reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Expert consensus was obtained from members of the Fr1da, GPPAD, and INNODIA consortia, three European diabetes research groups. The guidance covers both specialist and primary care follow-up strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The guidance outlines recommended monitoring approaches based on age, disease stage and clinical setting. Individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes are best followed up in specialist care. For stage 1, biannual assessments of random plasma glucose and HbA1c are suggested for children, while annual assessments are recommended for adolescents and adults. For stage 2, 3-monthly clinic visits with additional home monitoring are advised. The value of repeat OGTT in stage 1 and the use of continuous glucose monitoring in stage 2 are discussed. Primary care is encouraged to monitor individuals who decline specialist care, following the guidance presented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As type 1 diabetes screening programs become more prevalent, effective monitoring strategies are essential to mitigate the risk of complications such as DKA. This guidance serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, providing practical recommendations tailored to an individual's age and disease stage, both within specialist and primary care settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent risk of fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving anti-diabetic drug: A one-stage network meta-analysis","authors":"Yanjiao Shen,&nbsp;Qingyang Shi,&nbsp;Xinyu Zou,&nbsp;Wentong Meng,&nbsp;Haoming Tian,&nbsp;Liang Du,&nbsp;Sheyu Li","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3780","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3780","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the time-dependent risk of fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving anti-diabetic drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to 18 November 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity-score-matched non-randomized studies (NRSs) comparing all anti-diabetic drugs with standard treatment or with each other on fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study performed a one-stage network meta-analysis using discrete-time hazard regression with reconstructed individual time-to-event data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This network meta-analysis involved seven RCTs (65,051 adults with type 2 diabetes) with a median follow-up of 36 months and three propensity-score-based NRSs (17,954 participants) with a median follow-up of 27.3 months. Among anti-diabetic drugs, thiazolidinediones increased the overall hazard of fracture by 42% (95% credible interval [CrI], 3%–97%) and almost tripled the risk after 4 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% CrI, 1.53–4.80). Credible subgroup analysis suggested that thiazolidinediones increased the hazard of fracture only in females (HR, 2.19; 95% CrI, 1.26–3.74) but not among males (HR, 0.81; 95% CrI, 0.45–1.40). Moderate certainty evidence established that thiazolidinediones increase 92 fractures in five years per 1000 female patients. We did not find the risk of fractures with other anti-diabetic drugs including metformin, sulfonylureas, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term use of thiazolidinediones elevates the risk of fracture among females with type 2 diabetes. There is no evidence eliciting fracture risk associated with other anti-diabetic drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donor fat-to-muscle ratio and kidney transplant outcomes: A proposition of metabolic memory","authors":"Youn Kyung Kee,&nbsp;Juhan Lee,&nbsp;Bo Young Nam,&nbsp;Young Su Joo,&nbsp;Shin-Wook Kang,&nbsp;Kyu Ha Huh,&nbsp;Jung Tak Park","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3781","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3781","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impact of donor abdominal fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) on kidney transplant (KT) outcomes was assessed. Given the transient nature of the donor's metabolic environment in transplant recipients, this study investigated the capacity of body composition to induce metabolic memory effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>KT patients (<i>n</i> = 895) who received allografts from living donors (2003–2013) were included. Donor fat and muscle were quantified using pre-KT abdominal computed tomography scans. Patients were categorised into donor FMR tertiles and followed up for graft outcomes. Additionally, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed on 28 kidney graft samples from KT patients in the low- and high-FMR groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean recipient age was 42.9 ± 11.4 years and 60.9% were males. Donor FMR averaged 1.67 ± 0.79. Over a median of 120.9 ± 42.5 months, graft failure (<i>n</i> = 127) and death-censored graft failure (<i>n</i> = 109) were more frequent in the higher FMR tertiles. Adjusted hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest FMR tertile were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.06–2.75) for overall graft failure and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.13–3.20) for death-censored graft failure. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identified 58 differentially methylated regions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, |Δ<i>β</i>| &gt; 0.2) and 35 genes showed differential methylation between the high- (FMR &gt;1.91) and low-FMR (FMR &lt;1.27) groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Donors with increased fat and reduced muscle composition may negatively impact kidney allograft survival in recipients, possibly through the transmission of epigenetic changes, implying a body-composition-related metabolic memory effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain alterations in regions associated with end-organ diabetic microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus: A UK Biobank study","authors":"Jamie Burgess,&nbsp;Christophe de Bezenac,&nbsp;Simon S. Keller,&nbsp;Bernhard Frank,&nbsp;Ioannis N. Petropoulos,&nbsp;Marta Garcia-Finana,&nbsp;Timothy L. Jackson,&nbsp;Varo Kirthi,&nbsp;Daniel J. Cuthbertson,&nbsp;Dinesh Selvarajah,&nbsp;Solomon Tesfaye,&nbsp;Uazman Alam","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3772","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3772","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with structural grey matter alterations in the brain, including changes in the somatosensory and pain processing regions seen in association with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In this case-controlled biobank study, we aimed to ascertain differences in grey and white matter anatomy in people with DM compared with non-diabetic controls (NDC).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study utilises the UK Biobank prospective, population-based, multicentre study of UK residents. Participants with diabetes and age/gender-matched controls without diabetes were selected in a three-to-one ratio. We excluded people with underlying neurological/neurodegenerative disease. Whole brain, cortical, and subcortical volumes (188 regions) were compared between participants with diabetes against NDC corrected for age, sex, and intracranial volume using univariate regression models, with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed along the length of 50 white matter tracts.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We included 2404 eligible participants who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (NDC, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1803 and DM, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 601). Participants with DM had a mean (±standard deviation) diagnostic duration of 18 ± 11 years, with adequate glycaemic control (HbA1&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt; 52 ± 13 mmol/mol), low prevalence of microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy prevalence, 5.8%), comparable cognitive function to controls but greater self-reported pain. Univariate volumetric analyses revealed significant reductions in grey matter volume (whole brain, total, and subcortical grey matter), with mean percentage differences ranging from 2.2% to 7% in people with DM relative to NDC (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0002). The subcortical (bilateral cerebellar cortex, brainstem, thalamus, central corpus callosum, putamen, and pallidum) and cortical regions linked to sensorimotor (bilateral superior frontal, middle frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyri) and visual functions (bilateral middle and superior occipital gyri), all had lower grey matter volumes in people with DM relative to NDC. People with DM had significantly reduced FA along the length of the thalamocortical radiations, thalamostriatal projections, and commissural fibres of the corpus callosum (all; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0·001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This analysis suggests that anatomic differences in brain regions are present in ","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrononutrition in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: A narrative review","authors":"Ludovica Verde,&nbsp;Tonia Di Lorenzo,&nbsp;Silvia Savastano,&nbsp;Annamaria Colao,&nbsp;Luigi Barrea,&nbsp;Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3778","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3778","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chrononutrition is a nutritional regimen that follows our biological clock, marked by the changes in metabolism that occur during the day. This regimen includes the distribution of energy, the regularity and frequency of meals, and the importance of these factors for metabolic health. A growing body of animal and human evidence indicates that the timing of food intake throughout the day can have a significant and beneficial impact on the metabolic health and well-being of individuals. In particular, both the timing and frequency of meals have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Today's busy lifestyle makes many people skip breakfast and eat late at night. Eating late at night has been shown to cause a circadian misalignment, with the latter having a negative impact on weight control and glucose metabolism. Additionally, some studies have found a relatively strong association between skipping breakfast and insulin resistance, and T2DM. Against the backdrop of escalating obesity and T2DM rates, coupled with the recognized influence of food timing on disease evolution and control, this review aimed to synthesize insights from epidemiological and intervention studies of the interplay of timing of food intake and macronutrient consumption, reporting their impact on obesity and T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrononutrition in cardiometabolic diseases: Current evidence and future perspectives","authors":"Salvatore Carbone,&nbsp;Paolo Pozzilli","doi":"10.1002/dmrr.3779","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dmrr.3779","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chrononutrition is the field of nutritional science that investigates the relationship between food intake, timing of food intake, and their effects and influence on circadian rhythms and overall health. By aligning eating patterns with body's internal clock, optimisation of metabolic processes, improvements of various aspects of health can be achieved. Cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Notably, in the US alone, approximately half of all cardiometabolic deaths are attributed to modifiable dietary factors, suggesting that dietary changes could result in dramatic increases in lifespan and its related quality of life. Social media have also a great impact on chrononutrition and their role cannot be neglected. The impact of social media on chrononutrition can be multifaceted: information dissemination, influence on eating habits, digital detox challenges, cultural influence and social jet lag. This special issue will provide novel insights and clarifications on chrononutrition, but also on additional controversial topics. The articles we selected should promote future preclinical and clinical studies to ultimately identify the most appropriate approaches to reduce the unacceptable high burden of CV and metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11335,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dmrr.3779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}