Diabetes & metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Post-translational modifications of apolipoproteins as promising biomarkers for diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases: A comprehensive review","authors":"Chloé Chevalier ,&nbsp;Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira ,&nbsp;Valentin Blanchard ,&nbsp;Cédric Le May ,&nbsp;Bertrand Cariou ,&nbsp;Samy Hadjadj ,&nbsp;Mikaël Croyal","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipoproteins are biochemical complexes of apolipoproteins and lipids that primarily mediate the transport of lipids through the circulation, from sites of absorption or synthesis to those of use, storage, or excretion. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), disruptions in lipoprotein metabolism are key drivers of complications and strongly contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As a result, ASCVD remains the leading cause of death in T2D, with significantly higher prevalence than in non-diabetic individuals. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as key contributors to organ failure mechanisms, with specific PTMs closely linked to the pathogenesis of T2D. Several reports also emphasized the value of plasma apolipoproteins for the early prediction of ASCVD in cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, apolipoproteins, and especially their structurally post-translational modified forms, offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of lipoprotein dysfunction and may enhance the specificity of ASCVD risk stratification in T2D. This review outlines major apolipoprotein PTMs identified in T2D, many of which can now be quantified in biological samples, particularly via mass spectrometry. We also discuss their role in lipoprotein metabolism dysfunction and their potential value in assessing ASCVD risk in T2D, highlighting their growing potential as clinical biomarkers in population-based cohort studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists, body composition, skeletal muscle and risk of sarcopaenia: from promising findings in animal models to debated concern in human studies","authors":"André J. Scheen","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background. - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies induce a clinically relevant weight loss, which is associated with overall better prognosis in people with type 2 diabetes and/or clinical obesity. However, a risk of excessive reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SSM), potentially leading to sarcopaenia in at-risk patients, is currently a matter of debate as this negative effect could minimize their benefit/risk balance. <em>Methods.</em> - An extensive literature search to detect animal and human studies that investigated the effects of GLP-1-based therapies on changes in body composition (FFM and SMM), muscle strength, structure, and function. <em>Results.</em> - Favourable effects on SMM, intramuscular lipid deposition, inflammation and mitochondrial health were consistently reported in different rodent models with GLP-based therapies. However, mixed results were reported in human studies, some reported an excessive FFM/SMM loss while others arguing for a protective effect against sarcopaenia (including less myosteatosis). This controversy may result from misinterpretation of SMM derived from FFM changes and a lack of studies that properly investigate SMM, muscle function and structure in humans. <em>Conclusion</em>. - Maximizing fat loss while preserving lean (muscle) tissue mass and function is a central goal of modern obesity pharmacological treatments. Currently, available data preclude to have a definite conclusion about positive/negative effects of GLP-1-based therapies on muscle. Further investigations using accurate methodologies to assess not only SMM but also muscle structure, function (strength) and performance are needed to better analyse the effects of GLP-1-based therapies, especially among individuals at higher risk of sarcopaenia, older patients and frail people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of cardiovascular events by skin auto-fluorescence: the DIABAGE follow-up study","authors":"Jorys Bueno ,&nbsp;Alpha M. Diallo ,&nbsp;Stéphane Jaisson ,&nbsp;Jenny Fontaine ,&nbsp;Céline Lukas ,&nbsp;Romain Barriquand ,&nbsp;Géraldine Vitellius ,&nbsp;Philippe Gillery ,&nbsp;Brigitte Delemer ,&nbsp;Sara Barraud","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) complications. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of AGEs indirectly evaluated by skin auto-fluorescence (SAF) on the occurrence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in T1D.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured baseline SAF in T1D patients with at least 10 years history of diabetes and assessed incident CVEs. An optimum threshold of SAF was determined using ROC curve, and its predictive value was assessed by Cox proportional regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 179 patients, 53 % of whom were women. At baseline, the mean age was 47.7 ± 15.9 years, the mean duration of diabetes was 26.4 ± 12.2 years. Median HbA_1c was 7.7 % (7.3–8.7) and median LDL cholesterol was 2.58 mmol/l (2.14–3.07). Median follow-up was 7.4 years (6.85 - 7.7) with 34 CVEs in 24 patients.</div><div>The median SAF level was 2.7 (2.3–3.1) in patients with incident CVEs and 2.1 (1.8–2.6) in patients without CVEs. The optimum threshold of SAF to differentiate patients with or without incident CVEs was 2.2. The occurrence of CVE was predicted by the optimum SAF threshold in the unadjusted model (HR 6.46), but also after adjustment with different models (HR 3.15–5.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SAF level is higher in people living with T1D who will present CVEs. Furthermore, SAF threshold of 2.2 predicted the occurrence of CVE. If these results are confirmed, SAF could be a useful marker in cardiovascular risk stratification in T1D.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of chiglitazar, a pan-PPAR agonist, on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study","authors":"Yijiong Tan ,&nbsp;Wenjun Qu ,&nbsp;Jiehua Zhao ,&nbsp;Yunqin Ma ,&nbsp;Qidi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Gao ,&nbsp;Qin Zhen ,&nbsp;Yufan Wang ,&nbsp;Yongde Peng ,&nbsp;Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Nengguang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy of chiglitazar, a novel pan-PPAR agonist, on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a real-world clinical setting.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included T2D patients with MASLD who received either chiglitazar or other glucose-lowering medications over a 24-week period. To minimize selection bias, 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented. The primary outcomes were changes in controlled attenuation parameter (CAP, measuring hepatic steatosis) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM, assessing fibrosis). Secondary outcomes included glycemic parameters and liver enzymes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 235 T2D patients were enrolled (40 chiglitazar users, 195 non-chiglitazar users), and 31 matched pairs were derived after 1:1 PSM. The adjusted mean reduction in CAP from baseline to 24 weeks was significantly greater in the chiglitazar group (-28.38 dB/m [95 % CI:36.11;-20.65]) compared to the non-chiglitazar group (-16.74 dB/m [-24.47;-9.01]), with a between-group difference of -11.64 dB/m (-22.38;-0.90, <em>P</em> = 0.038). LSM changes were similar between groups (difference in LS mean:0.11 [-1.04;0.82], <em>P</em> = 0.813). Subgroup analyses indicated that the beneficial effect of chiglitazar was consistent across variables such as sex, age, body mass index, and concomitant use of SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists (all <em>P</em> for interaction &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Chiglitazar administration is associated with a significant reduction in CAP values in T2D patients with MASLD, suggesting its potential as a dual therapeutic approach for both conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary reinforcement combined or not with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy on histological outcomes in MASLD among patients with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Bruno Guerci ,&nbsp;Michael Joubert ,&nbsp;Ghassan Riachi ,&nbsp;Marie-Lauren Antoine ,&nbsp;Delphine Clabaut ,&nbsp;Renaud Fay ,&nbsp;Gaetan Prevost","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101679","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial heteroplasmy-phenotype correlation and response to glucose lowering therapy in subjects with m.3243A>G mutations","authors":"N Ng ,&nbsp;B Sanchez-Lechuga ,&nbsp;CJ McCarrick ,&nbsp;C Mangan ,&nbsp;M Burke ,&nbsp;J.A. Ioana ,&nbsp;C Gavin ,&nbsp;R O’Byrne ,&nbsp;JJ O’Byrne ,&nbsp;MM Byrne","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There is a paucity of evidence to guide pharmacological treatment for mitochondrial diabetes. Metformin is generally contraindicated due to the high risk of lactic acidosis, Sulphonylurea (SU) therapy has been used as 1st line therapy but most progress to insulin. The aim of this study is to investigate the glucose-insulin secretory response to oral glucose, the response to glucose lowering therapy, and the heteroplasmy phenotype correlation in subjects with a confirmed m.3243A&gt;G mutation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>49 subjects were phenotyped in detail. A 2 hr OGTT was performed to establish insulin-secretory response. Heteroplasmy was measured and they had bi-annual clinical follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>34 of 49 m.3243A&gt;G subjects had diabetes mellitus (DM) with an onset at 38 (31–44) years, 7 had impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, and 8 had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). DM subjects had reduced insulin secretion (AUC C-peptide 2009.0[1710.0–3156.0] vs. 4693.75[3768.25–5609.38] pmol/l/120 min, <em>P</em> = 0.002) and insulin sensitivity (OGIS 283.0[209.0–324.0] vs. 437.0 [416.0–524.0]ml min⁻¹m⁻², <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001]) compared to NGT subjects. Heteroplasmy was higher in DM subjects compared to NGT (20[11–26] vs. 6[5–10] %, <em>P</em> = 0.014). 5 of 8 subjects on metformin had raised lactate and 65 % of subjects required insulin to improve glycaemic control. Only 1/6 subjects transitioned from insulin to SU. Two subjects on SGLT2i and GLP-1 agonists progressed to insulin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance contribute to mitochondrial diabetes development. 65 % of subjects required insulin to improve glycaemic control. Early insulin initiation may be necessary to improve glycaemic control in the long term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significance of ophthalmological evaluation in the correct diagnosis of pediatric insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: lessons from novel WFS1 variants","authors":"Eleni Papageorgiou ,&nbsp;Panagiotis N. Toumasis ,&nbsp;Aspasia Tsezou ,&nbsp;Emmanouil Manolakos ,&nbsp;Georgia Gazeti ,&nbsp;Efthimios Dardiotis ,&nbsp;Eleni Arnaoutoglou ,&nbsp;Aggeliki Alagianni ,&nbsp;Argyro Petsiti ,&nbsp;Polyxeni Stamati ,&nbsp;Zisis Tsouris ,&nbsp;Aspasia Michoula ,&nbsp;Sofia Androudi ,&nbsp;Ioanna Grivea ,&nbsp;Dimitrios T. Papadimitriou","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wolfram syndrome 1 is an autosomal recessive disorder often commencing as insulin dependent diabetes, but with inherent progressive ultimately fatal neurodegeneration. We report two pediatric cases, referred as unregulated insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, initially misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes, in whom whole exome sequencing confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Wolfram syndrome with novel Wolfram syndrome gene 1 variants. An 11-year-old Asian male refugee with presumed type 1 diabetes since the age of 6 years, acknowledged progressive visual decline the last 6 months, but only after ophthalmological evaluation revealing bilateral optic atrophy, confirmed by optical coherence tomography and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, leading to genetic testing and revealing a novel homozygous missense variant (c.1598C&gt;<em>T</em>, p.Pro533Leu). A 15-year-old male with severely progressive autism spectrum disorder since the age of 3 years, and poorly regulated presumed type 1 diabetes since the age of 9 years, had signs of a progressive neurodegenerative disorder at presentation. Bilateral optic nerve pallor and sensorineural hearing loss were documented. Genetic testing revealed the pathogenic Wolfram syndrome gene 1 variant c.1523_1524delTA; p.Tyr508CysfsTer34 (frameshift deletion) in trans with the previously undescribed missense variant c.497T&amp;gt;C; p.Leu166Pro, reclassified now as likely pathogenic. Both cases highlight the importance of ophthalmological evaluation in the early diagnostic workup of pediatric insulin dependent diabetes when autoimmunity is not confirmed. Although not mandated by current guidelines, early ophthalmologic assessment, at least in insulin dependent diabetes with non-previously established autoimmunity, can enable timely diagnosis of Wolfram syndrome, enabling prompt multidisciplinary intervention and potential enrollment in emerging disease-modifying therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101676"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can diabetic peripheral neuropathy predict lacunar stroke in patients with diabetes?","authors":"Nathalie Deschamps ,&nbsp;Nadia Sabbah ,&nbsp;Amina Nasri ,&nbsp;Michel Haba ,&nbsp;Mathieu Nacher ,&nbsp;Bertrand De Toffol","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stroke is the leading-cause of death in women and motor-disability in adults. In patients with diabetes, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) increases the risk of ischemic stroke. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that an etiological pattern of ischemic stroke in patients with DPN can be recognized. This was a single-center retrospective observational study of patients hospitalized in Cayenne general-hospital with ischemic stroke. The primary endpoint was to determine if there is an association between the mechanism of stroke and the presence of DPN. We included 226 patients: mean age 64.14 ± 15.2 years; male predominance (62.4 %); and 5.8 % with DPN, i.e., 14.9 % of patients with diabetes. DPN was significantly associated with small-vessel disease (SVD): adjusted odds ratio=5.08 [1.17;22.14]. These findings highlight a common pathophysiology between DPN and SVD. DPN can provide a window of opportunity to detect SVD and prevent its complications like stroke or dementia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between hip fractures and type 2 diabetes in the elderly","authors":"Shu Yuan ,&nbsp;Zi-Lin Li ,&nbsp;Jing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorenal outcomes and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes secondary to disorders of the exocrine pancreas: a nationwide population-based study","authors":"Kyoung Hwa Ha ,&nbsp;Minae Park ,&nbsp;Yujin Lee ,&nbsp;Dae Jung Kim ,&nbsp;Seung Jin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diabet.2025.101668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Limited data are available on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for diabetes secondary to disorders of the exocrine pancreas (DEP). This study evaluated the real-world effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in individuals with DEP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Data on 66,120 individuals with DEP who initiated glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) between September 2014 and December 2022 were analyzed. Patients initiating SGLT2 inhibitors were matched 1:1 with patients initiating other GLDs using propensity-score matching. The effectiveness outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), heart failure, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and all-cause mortality. The safety outcomes included hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, genital infections, urinary tract infections, fractures, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After matching, 4,128 SGLT2 inhibitor-other GLD user pairs were included in the analysis, with a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. Compared with use of other GLDs, use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significantly lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.93), hospitalization for heart failure (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51–0.95), ESKD (HR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.61), and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.27–0.53). SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a reduced risk of urinary tract infections (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78–0.96) and pancreatitis (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.58–0.87).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of adverse cardiorenal outcomes and all-cause mortality and were safely used in patients with DEP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11334,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 5","pages":"Article 101668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}