{"title":"The pañcāgnividyā and the pitṛyāna/devayāna","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_010","url":null,"abstract":"Important issues aremostly treated in texts representing (almost) all theVedas. Sometimes theparallel passages showa chronological relation, since they seem to react on each other’s versions. In the case of the theme of the two paths to life after death we may expect a similar competition between the Vedas. Since this subject is connected with the theories of rebirth and release, which aremissing in oldVedism, it is only to be found in later Vedic texts (Upaniṣads and late sections in the Brāhmaṇas). Here it turns out indeed that all the Vedas contributed to the treatment of the topic. The theme consists of some subthemes. In order to analyse its development we first have to define these subthemes. The resulting sketch of the interrelation between the passages does not claim to trace the actual development of ideas on rebirth and release. It is quite possible that theories concerning these subjectswere formulatedoutside the classical circles of Vedic traditionand that the Vedic texts gradually accepted them. This gradual process of influencing may have been reflected in these textswhich continued to use old formulations and frames of reference. The subthemes are the following: 1. The connection with the Agnihotra ritual 2. The motif of the Kṣatriya who teaches the theory to a Brahmin 3. The description of the cycle of rebirths in the form of five symbolic sacrifices (Agnihotras) (the pañcāgnividyā) 4. The description of the journey to heaven with its tests and of the destiny of the rejected 5. The separation of the path of the released and of the one who will be reborn which already takes place on earth (the devayāna and the pitṛyāna) 6. The ultimate situation of the one who follows the devayāna.","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fourth Priest (the Brahmán) in Vedic Ritual","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_006","url":null,"abstract":"The particular position of the Brahmán among the priests of the classical Vedic ritual is evident. He has no special connection with one of the three main streams of the Veda: he does not (exclusively) recite the hymns of the Ṛgveda like the Hotṛ, sing the Sāmans1 of the Sāmaveda like the Udgātṛ, utter the ritual formulas of the Yajurveda like the Adhvaryu. Originally he had no Vedic corpus of his own; his association with the Atharvaveda seems to be secondary.2 Pañcaviṁśa Brāhmaṇa 18, 1, 23 calls him the indistinct (anirukta) among the","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116464163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life after Death in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121432751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Hindu Doctrine of Transmigration: Its Origin and Background","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114096148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distance and Death in the Veda","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_014","url":null,"abstract":"L'article traite du ciel et d'autres royaumes des morts dans les Vedas, ainsi que du vocabulaire qui les designe, notamment du terme distance et de ce qu'il recouvre.","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134100805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gab es damals auch dyumnas? Die Weltentstehung nach dem Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_004","url":null,"abstract":"AlsWillem Caland 1919 sein Jaiminīya-Brāhmaṇa in Auswahl publizierte, teilte er auch die Jaiminīya Version der wohlbekannten Kosmogonie vomWeltei mit („seiner Wichtigkeit wegen“).1 Er bemerkte aber in einer Fußnote: „Auf eine Übersetzungdieses schwierigen Stückes...verzichte ich.“Die kritischeAusgabe dieses Brāhmaṇa erschien 19542 und konnte mehr Handschriften benützen. Die endgültige Aufklärung über diese wichtige Brāhmaṇa-Stelle verdankenwir erst Prof. Karl Hoffmann. Sein Aufsatz (1970) enthält eine im großen und ganzen überzeugende Textherstellung und eine Übersetzung „die wenigstens das unmittelbare Wortverständnis zu erschließen versucht“ (S. 62). In der Hoffnung, eine Einzelheit in diesem glänzenden Aufsatz berichtigen zu können, möchte ich hier diesen Beitrag veröffentlichen.3 EineText-Emendation und die Interpretation desWortes dyumna – bilden the Essenz meiner Ausführungen. Die Textstelle, mit der wir uns jetzt befassen werden, befindet sich am Anfang des Kapitels 3, 361 und schildert das Aufspringen des goldenen Eies:","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124445919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yama’s Second Boon in the Kaṭha Upaniṣad","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_007","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of KaṭhU 1, 13–19 concern the stratification of the text, the interpretation of difficult and rare words1 and the analysis of the ritualistic and metaritualistic contents. Yama’s three boons in theTaittirīya Brāhmaṇa (3, 11, 8: a parallel and possible source) and in theKaṭhaUpaniṣadare the following.Naciketas asks that hemay happily return home (i.e. that his father is no more angry), that he may learn the imperishableness of the merits of sacrificing and religious liberality (TB), respectively theAgniwhich gives entrance toheaven (KaṭhU), andas thirdwish that he may know the escape from renewed death after death in yonder world (punarmṛtyu, TB), respectively an answer to the questionwhetherman lives on after death (KaṭhU). The threefoldness of the boons is rather problematic. Actually it seems to be based on a general predilection for the number three.2 In the Brāhmaṇa Yama offers three varas, but he has to give only two, since the piling of the Nāciketa fire-altar fulfils both the second and the third wish. In the Upaniṣad Yama first refuses to grant the third boon. Eventually he seems to consent and the rest of the Upaniṣad after the first Vallī may form Yama’s answer.3 The third vara, as it is formulated by Naciketas, is rather unusual for a boon. It is not the wish to obtain something concrete, but an inquiring question. The greatest confusion is caused by Naciketas himself with his third question in both passages, since it looks superfluous. In fact the imperishableness of the iṣṭāpūrta is identicalwith the escape frompunarmṛtyu in theBrāhmaṇas. The third question in the Upaniṣad on life after death sounds strange after the second one which deals with the way of reaching heaven, i.e. with life after","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127662137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaching Immortality According to the First Anuvāka of the Jaiminīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133356120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sukṛtá and Sacrifice","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126475788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vedic Terms Denoting Virtues and Merits","authors":"H. Bodewitz","doi":"10.1163/9789004400139_024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400139_024","url":null,"abstract":"In an other publication (Bodewitz 2007a; this vol. ch. 22) I have discussed the lists of cardinal sins and vices, their specifications in the Veda and their parallels in the Western and Christian tradition. Now I will treat their positive counterparts (the virtues and merits), which do not have such clear enumerations (and partial parallels outside the Veda).1 Here the meaning of a few terms used to denote virtues and merits will be discussed and an attempt will be made to get some information on their actual contents and back-ground. There are","PeriodicalId":113126,"journal":{"name":"Vedic Cosmology and Ethics","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114677576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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