Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Dispensing Practice and its Determinants from the Retailers’ Perspective in Rural Areas of Gazipur","authors":"T. Ahsan, Dilshad Noor Lira, Md. Samiul Islam, M. Alam, A. S. Shamsur Rouf","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64146","url":null,"abstract":"Being the de facto primary healthcare contacts in rural Bangladesh, retail pharmacy shops (RPSs) influence the medication usage by the people. Therefore, identifying dispensing activities of RPSs can be a key indicator of medicine use. The aim of the current study is to explore the drug dispensing practice of retail pharmacists in the rural areas of Gazipur district. A cross-sectional study was designed to find out drug dispensing practice of analgesic, antipyretic, Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), sedative & hypnotic, ED and multivitamin drugs, assess determinants impacting the practice, and acceptance level of retailers’ suggestions. Forty seven RPSs were selected by random sampling out of 92 in rural areas of Gazipur Sadar from the list of registered allopathic RPSs by the Directorate General Drug Administration (DGDA). Dispensers were interviewed with structured validated questionnaire and data was analyzed using ‘Microsoft Office Excel 2016’. Diclofen, Napa extra, Rivotril, Seclo, Niagra and Filwel Gold were reported to be as the highest dispensed brands at that time. The lowest dispensed brands were found to be Apeclo, Zerin, Relaxen, Procap, Adegra and Biovit Gold. Among determinants impacting dispensing practice, ‘prescriber’s choice’ dominated most in Multivitamin (94%), Sedative & Hypnotic (87%), and Analgesic (77%) groups. ‘Dispenser’s choice’ emerged as a primary determinant in the ED drug group (62%) which is alarming. Moreover, an unlicensed foreign brand, Senegra was found to be dispensed in many drugstores. Buyer’s choice (self-medication) was more remarkable in Antipyretic (38%) and GERD drugs (21%). Although only a few of the reported drugs were over-the-counter (OTC), almost all drugs were being dispensed without prescriptions. As per retailers’ perception, buyers did not seem to be much affected by medicine price (72%) indicating that studied drugs’ price is affordable. A total of 66% dispensers were found to suggest an alternative brand in the absence of a sought brand (brand-substitution) implying to the fact that untrained dispensers may potentially influence drug choice and 77% claimed that buyers usually accept their suggestions which is of no surprise considering the reality of our medication buy-sale practice. Retailers’ perspective might be a great tool to understand drug usage scenario on the ground. Effective regulatory and social initiatives can be devised accordingly to strengthen the rational dispensing and use of medicine.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 55-63, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90772947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate People's Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Using Disinfectants and Sanitizers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh","authors":"Koma Afrin Rintu, Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, K. Sikdar, T. Rahman, Md. Raihan Sarkar, Tanveer Hossain","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63113","url":null,"abstract":"The devastating novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide has become a global health crisis. This disease is highly contagious and caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, disinfectants and sanitizers are very effective and readily available preventive agents. In this study, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) levels of Bangladeshi people's were assessed regarding the use of disinfectants and sanitizers during the pandemic. An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the respondents from July 2021 to December 2021. A total number of 428 respondents participated in this survey. Data were analysed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) V26 software and interpreted. Results revealed that most of the respondents were knowledgeable, had a positive attitude and engaged in beneficial practice. Among the respondents, a significantly higher knowledge and practice score were observed among females (54.1% and 54.4%, respectively) than their counterpart. Moreover, people living in urban areas (71.7%) had a better attitude than the rural people (28.3%). In addition, a medium positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = + 0.482), a weak positive association between attitude and practice (r = +0.199), and a weak positive association between knowledge and practice (r = + 0.282) were found. Overall, majority of the respondents had better KAP scores in knowledge and attitude with relatively low scores in practice which indicates some space for betterment.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 117-126, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85676990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Comparative Studies of the Leaf Extracts of Four Different Types of Calamus Species","authors":"Munsifa Sultana, Sajan Das, M. Shahriar, R. Akhter, I. Mohamed, M. Bhuiyan","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63118","url":null,"abstract":"The leaf extracts of Calamus tenius, Calamus viminalis, Calamus guruba and Calamus erectus possessed various phytochemicals including alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, fixed oils and steroids. The point of the present investigation was to compare the antioxidant profile of different leaf extracts of these species. In the present study, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extract of leaf of C. tenius, C. viminalis, C. guruba and C. erectus were explored for in-vitro thrombolytic activity, membrane stabilizing activity by using hypotonic solution-induced & heat-induced hemolysis and antioxidant profile. Ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage of clot lysis. During hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis, methanol extract of C. erectus inhibited 59.74% whereas during heat induced condition ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition of hemolysis of RBCs. The screenings of the plants revealed that leaf extracts contain phenolic and flavonoid contents in great amount with the high level of antioxidant capacity. The chloroform extract of C. tenius (2.45 μg/ml) and methanol extract of C. erectus (1.74 μg/ml) leaf showed potent DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activity, respectively. The nitric oxide scavenging activity was not significantly different for methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts. Methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of these four plants showed medium to moderate reducing power and cupric reducing capacity in comparison to standard. A strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity of the extracts with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 173-181, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"67 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85060377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical, Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Plantago ovata (Ispaghula Husk) – A Review","authors":"Kakoli Sutradhar, Md. Rafat Tahsin, S. Ashrafi, Sonia Ferdousy, T. Akter, F. Aktar, J. A. Chowdhury, A. A. Chowdhury, Shaila Kabir, Md. Shah Amran","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63123","url":null,"abstract":"The plantation, evolvement, phytochemical, pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of Plantago ovata have been reviewed to reconnoiter the plant’s diverse properties. P. ovata belonging to the family Plantaginaceae is a perennial plant native to the Mediterranean area, particularly Southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia. It has a variety of medicinal and pharmacological effects as it is frequently employed in a variety of medications for its medicinal features such as mucilage, super-disintegrant, gelling agent and suspending agent as well as pharmacological effects such as anti-diarrheal, anti-constipation, wound curer, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemia. That’s why, P. ovata may be utilized to make a variety of medicinal products as well as a safe and effective ethnobotanical cure for different health problems. A number of market preparations of Ispaghula are also available in the local market of Bangladesh. Information regarding diversified properties of P. ovata collected from different electronic databases (PubMed, Springer link, MDPI link, ResearchGate, Google, Google Scholar and Science Direct) have been summarized here to support the researchers to retrieve information about P. ovata. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 231-243, 2022 (December)  ","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81305385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Parts of Averrhoa carambola L.","authors":"M. Rhaman, M. Shoeb, Md. Nazrul Islam","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63115","url":null,"abstract":"Averrhoa carambola L. belonging to the Oxalidaceae family has fruits with attractive star shape. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of various parts of A. carambola have been studied to explore active extracts for novel antioxidant compounds. Methanol extract of bark contained the highest amount of phenolic constituent (125 mg GAE/g of dry extract). However, hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts contained the maximum number of flavonoids and were 45, 92 and 72 mg QE/g of dry extract, respectively. Since the bark possessed the highest antioxidant capacity, it contained more phenolic compounds than other extracts of fruits and leaves. Total antioxidant capacity of hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of bark were 62, 117 and 151 mg AAE/g of dry extract, respectively. The results recommend that the bark part can be a good source of phenolic compounds as it showed the highest antioxidant capacity. The fruit and leave parts are also rich sources of antioxidant compounds.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 147-151, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"66 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77248486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Potentials of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Bangladeshi Medicinal Plant Tinospora Cordifolia","authors":"G. Murshid, M. Sohrab, K. S. Ahmed, M. M. Masud, M. Mazid","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63119","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytes provide mutual benefits and produce various biologically active secondary metabolites in plants. Our study was designed to isolate and identify fungal endophytes from fresh leaf and bark of Tinospora cordifolia, coupled with their bioactivity and preliminary chemical screening. Six endophytic fungi were isolated using surface sterilization technique. The fungi were identified by microscopic and molecular characterization and confirmed TCLE-1 as Fusarium perseae, TCLE-2 as Fusarium keratoplasticum, TCLE-3 as fusarium macrosporum, TCBE-1 as Fusarium falciforme and TCBE-2 as well as TCBE-3 leaving unidentified. Isolated strains were cultured in large scale on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and were extracted using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of fungal extracts was performed by disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity using HeLa cell line by MTT assay. In antimicrobial test, all the fungal extracts except TCBE-2 showed moderate to potent activity in comparison to the standard kanamycin. All, except TCBE-2, demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell. Preliminary chemical profiling using thin liquid chromatography (TLC) and analytical high performance liquid chromatography techniques indicated the presence of secondary metabolites in fungal extracts. In conclusion, endophytic fungi reside in the T. cordifolia, a native medicinal plant in Bangladesh, could be a potent source of putative antibacterial and anticancer compounds.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 183-194, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81277239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench on the Reduction of Creatinine Levels and Its Antioxidant Properties In vitro","authors":"Ogochukwu Immaculate Obika, A. Oyawaluja, J. Oiseoghaede, O. Odukoya, Ngozi Afulenu Obika Ndiri","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63117","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effect of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench extract on the renal activity of both normal and ailing patients. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, vacuum liquid chromatography and TLC were carried out. The creatinine reduction ability was analyzed using Jaffe’s method for clean-catch spot urine samples of normal, diabetic and hypertensive patients. S. bicolor showed strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 52.17 μg/ml, compared to the standard vitamin C with an IC50 value of 40.59 μg/ml. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) result showed a significant difference between the patients’ urine (rows) (p-value = 2.77×10–08) and a significant difference between the dose treatments (columns) (p-value = 8.38×10–14). Whilst different fractions of S. bicolor at different concentrations showed varying effects on the creatinine concentration, it reduced creatinine level in low doses and has antioxidant properties.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 165-172, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76217393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Formulation of Combined Dosage Form of Albendazole and Mebendazole through In vitro Physicochemical and Anthelmintic Study","authors":"K. Fatema, Bk Sajeeb, K. Sikdar, Asm Monjur Al Hossain, S. C. Bachar","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63116","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, the combination of albendazole and mebendazole was analyzed as a potential anthelmintic agent against Lumbricus terrestris (commonly known as earthworms). The in vitro analysis showed the combination of 400 mg albendazole and 300 mg mebendazole had more significant therapeutic activities (mean paralysis time 58 minutes and mean death time 97.33 minutes) than the others. Then the combinations were formulated as tablet using different ratios of excipients where formulation-D performed excellent flow properties (Carr’s index: 14.04±0.27, Hausner’s ratio: 1.19 ± 0.03, Angle of repose: 40.22 ± 0.73). The dosage form prepared from formulation-D had better hardness of 9.40 ± 0.34 kg-N and loss of weight of 0.003 mg compared to other formulations. In terms of disintegration and dissolution studies, formulation-D exhibited excellent properties. The tablet was disintegrated fully within 8.94 ± 0.37 minutes in phosphate buffer (pH 8.3) and dissolution analysis showed R2 of 0.995 for albendazole and 0.991 for mebendazole which were statistically significant. The postformulation anthelmintic study showed that the prepared tablet dosage form was therapeutically effective because it paralyzed and killed all the earthworms within 56 and 85 minutes, respectively. Finally, the tablet was subjected to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis which confirmed better surface morphology and drug-drug compatibility within the dosage form. The next stage of the work will focus on in vivo analysis for market preparation.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 153-163, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76822712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Risk Factors and Assessment of Hematotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Among Women Stroke Patient with Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Derouiche Samir, Salem Saadia, Leguemairi Maroua","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63120","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at evaluating some risk factors and the variation of certain hematological and oxidative stress markers in women with stroke disease. The observation (clinical study) was done on 130 voluntary women, divided into metabolic syndrome patients with and without stroke disease. Risk factors were estimated by Chi-square test. Results demonstrated that the high levels of family stress, self-medication and anticoagulants treatment were the most dangerous risk factors to stroke diseases, whereas brushing of teeth daily had an important protective factors against participants from disease. From biological study, results showed that RBC, hemoglobin, GSH and total thiol levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) while WBC, neutrophile, platelet, MDA, SOD, ORAC and vit C levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in women with metabolic syndrome (MS) + stroke patients as compared to MS patients without stroke. In conclusion, several socioeconomic and clinical factors contributed to the dispersion and development of the stroke. In addition, oxidative stress during metabolic syndrome contributes to the development of stroke disease.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 195-203, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89897713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Cardiologists’ Demographic Profile on Overall Satisfaction Towards Marketing Mix Strategies","authors":"J. Sultana, M. Saifuddin, Zakir Hossain Bhuiyan","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v21i2.63121","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the influence of cardiologists’ demographic characteristics on their satisfaction towards marketing mix strategies (MMS) employed by pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh. Cardiologists (156) were asked to rate the importance of variables of MMS indicating their degree of agreement with satisfaction statement using a 5-point Likert scale. The variables of marketing mix (4Ps) that can be ranked as top 5 out of 14 variables according to their Spearman correlation coefficients are - brand image (r = 0.532); selling skill of medical representatives (r = 0.507), place of retail pharmacy (r = 0.484), promotional policies (r = 0.476) and continuous medical education program for doctors (r = 0.345). Though the overall mean satisfaction score of females (M = 4.06, SD = 0.87) is higher than that of male (M=3.84, SD =1.02), the difference is not significant; p = 0.260, Cohen’s d = 0.217 showed the effect is small. Experience above 10 years was labeled as high (41%), otherwise low (59%). Experience had substantial influence on perceived satisfaction towards promotion. Finally, overall satisfaction scores varied based on academic qualification of cardiologists; p < 0.05, and Eta-squared = 0.068 implies medium effect. The highest overall satisfaction score was attained for D. Card and others (M = 4.32, SD = 0.82) and the lowest is for MD (M = 3.57, SD =10.9). Cardiologists’ satisfaction score towards product (the lowest is for MD and the highest is for D. Card and others); p < 0.05; Eta-squared = 0.05 (small effect) and promotion (the lowest is for MBBS and the highest is for D. Card and others) vary significantly according to their academic qualification, p < 0.05; Eta-squared = 0.095 implies medium effect.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 205-215, 2022 (December)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86825193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}