Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of Naproxen Esters and Evaluation of their In vivo and In silico Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities","authors":"Mansura Akter, Z. A. Mahmud, Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin, Raju Das, S. Rahman","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67101","url":null,"abstract":"Three consecutive alkyl esters methyl (1), ethyl (2) and isopropyl (3) esters were synthesized from naproxen by direct Fischer esterification reaction and were evaluated for their in vivo and in silico analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Methyl and ethyl ester showed potent peripheral analgesia with 82.09% and 82.59% writhing inhibition, respectively compared to that of naproxen (64.68% inhibition) at equivalent dose of 25 mg/kg bw. In antiinflammatory study, all the three esters generated 96.75%, 91.54% and 90.65% inhibition of inflammation at 5th hour, similar to that obtained by naproxen (95.12% inhibition). Molecular docking study suggested that methyl ester had the highest binding energy towards COX-2 enzyme, while isopropyl ester possessed the lowest energy, and also exhibited the lower Vander Waals interaction that might affect COX inhibition. Moreover, all the compounds had satisfactory ADME profile. Again, methyl ester satisfied the safety issues, while other compounds might have cardio toxicity.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 105-114, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72772942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and Ex vivo Analysis of Pitavastatin-Loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia","authors":"Salma Delwar, S. Islam, Md Elias Al Mamun, N. Akter, Irin Dewan","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64145","url":null,"abstract":"Pitavastatin is a BCS class II drug with low solubility and high permeability. So, the purpose of the study was to develop and characterize pitavastatin-loaded liposomes to achieve sustained release of the drug by increasing the solubility as well as bioavailability in treating hyperlipidemia. All formulations were prepared using the ether injection method (EIM) to determine the effect of three independent factors lecithin, cholesterol, and chitosan/PEG-6000 on two dependent variables of percent drug entrapment efficiency (% DEE) and percent cumulative drug release (% CDR) at low (-1) and high (+1) levels, respectively. The prepared liposomes were analyzed using various techniques, including percent DEE, percent CDR, FTIR, S0EM, and zeta potential. After 8 hours of dissolution, the lowest and highest drug releases were 78.01 and 88.70 percent, 68.12 and 80.19 percent, and 66.22 and 78.91 percent, for FCH-4 and FCH-2, FLE-1 and FLE-3, and FPEG-4 and FPEG-3, respectively. Additionally, permeability experiments were conducted by in vitro and ex vivo methods. The particle size of liposomes was between 3.51 μm to 4.19 μm that gave evidence of the formation of uni-lamellar vesicles. The release kinetics were investigated using a variety of mathematical models. SEM and FTIR analyses indicated that liposomes have a spherical and smooth surface with no interaction between medications and excipients. Comparative in vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated that pitavastatin calcium-loaded liposomes may be viable for patients with hyperlipidemia due to their enhanced solubility and bioavailability.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 43-54, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90440042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Evaluation of Repaglinide Loaded Liposomes by Ether Injection Method","authors":"Shabira Sagir, M. Hamiduzzaman, Irin Dewan, M. Asaduzzaman","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67099","url":null,"abstract":"Repaglinide is a commonly used antidiabetic drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it does not always support a suitable dose regimen due to its low bioavailability and half-life. The purpose of this study was to develop and analyze repaglinide loaded control release liposomes to provide suitable dosage form to treat diabetes. Repaglinide loaded liposomes were prepared by modified ether injection method. According to the USP-II paddle method, in vitro dissolution studies of liposomes were performed for 8 hours in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The stability study was executed according to ICH guidelines under three different environmental conditions for 14 days. Additionally, the presence and size of liposomal vesicles was confirmed by microscopic observation. The formulations containing phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol at a molar ratio of 1:0.4 revealed the highest drug entrapment efficiency of 73.1% with an optimum stirring rate of 300 RPM. The pegylated liposomes (PEG400/1500) prolonged the drug loading capacity for the formulations compared to non-pegylated liposomes. On the contrary, the addition of nigella oil caused a decrease in entrapment efficiencies of the liposomes. Most of the formulations followed zero order kinetic model and supper class II release mechanism. In vitro dissolution showed controlled release pattern of the liposomes and maximum drug release after 8 hours was 92.64%. Additionally, all the liposomal formulations were found to be more stable at refrigeration temperature (5 ± 2ºC) where pegylated liposomes were most stable over 14 days at three different environmental conditions. Visual observation under an optical microscope, the vesicular structure of liposomes was confirmed.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 89-96, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72549080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Perception about Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System among Pharmacy Students in Bangladesh","authors":"Md Shamiul Islam Rasel, Farhana Afrin Mohona, Dilshad Noor Lira, U. Kumar, A. S. Shamsur Rouf","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64143","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate resources and a fragmented healthcare system in Bangladesh lead to the practice of almost non-reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Pharmacists may offer service in this regard to strengthen pharmacovigilance if given the appropriate opportunity. To evaluate their preparedness, the current cross-sectional study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) of pharmacy students about the ADR reporting system. A validated self-administered and structured questionnaire was filled out online upon informed consent by 400 final-year and master-level participants from 22 public and private universities. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, v.23.0) and Microsoft Excel. The average knowledge score of the students came out as 2.93 (SD=0.6) out of 5. While fundamental knowledge regarding ADR was displayed well by the participants such as agreeing to ‘side effects and ADRs are different’ (85%), advanced conceptual understanding exhibited lacking. For example, variable like ‘distinguishing between ADR and an adverse drug event’, ‘not all ADRs are known before a drug is marketed’, and ‘before ADR reporting, drug’s association needs no confirmation’ showed 14%, 41% and 5% correctness, respectively. However, 98% of the participants emphasized the need for ADR reporting, in both serious and non-serious cases, 85% knew that anybody can report ADR and approximately the same percentage of students could identify the organization receiving reports. Less than half (47%) were familiar with the authorized ADR reporting form and 40% reportedly claimed that they knew when and how to report. The need for more relevant education about this was supported by most of the students (91.8%). Participants mostly agreed about the need for reporting and gaining more overall awareness about the ADR reporting procedure. The findings suggest that increased knowledge, training, assertiveness and practice among all stakeholders are necessary for a spontaneous ADR reporting system in the country.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 21-28, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84875742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Metformin for Development of Controlled Release Matrix Tablet: Formulation Optimization Using in silico Tools","authors":"Rumman Reza, Niaz Morshed, Md Nazmus Samdani, Amina Alam Kotha, F. Rahman, Md. Selim Reza","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64144","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin, taken by nearly 120 million people across the world as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, has a relatively short plasma half-life and low absolute bioavailability. In this study, physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties of metformin have been thoroughly assayed using ADMETLab, SwissADME, SmartCYP, LigandScout web-servers and software to evaluate the effectiveness of its formulation as controlledrelease matrix tablets. The objective of the present work was to develop a formulation of an oral controlled-release (CR) metformin tablet, using hydrophilic hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) grades K4M and K100M polymers at different concentrations utilizing computational simulatory tools. Intestinal membrane permeability of the drug has been assayed using 2 hours simulation run with MembranePlus Software. Simulated environment generated for in silico dissolution study, using DDDPlus software, of the prepared formulations used USP Apparatus Type 2 rotating at 100 rpm. The simulation run was for 2 hours using 0.1N HCl phase followed by 8 hours with 6.8 USP Phosphate buffer phase. The results showed that drug release from the higher viscosity grade, K100M was slower as compared to the lower viscosity grade K4M at a fixed polymer concentration level. Furthermore, plasma concentration-time curves for the formulations have been generated using GastroPlus software.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 29-42, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86478215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidative, Thrombolytic and Cytotoxic Potentials of Jatropha pandurifolia Stem bark and Syzygium reticulatum Leaf","authors":"N. Jahan, M. A. Rahim, S. N. Islam, A. Azam, M. Ahsan","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67100","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempted to illustrate the antioxidant, thrombolytic and cytotoxic properties of two different medicinal plants, Jatropha pandurifolia and Syzygium reticulatum. In vitro antioxidative activity was tested through qualitative and quantitative DPPH scavenging assay which revealed the radical scavenging activity. Methanolic stem bark extract of Jatropha pandurifolia (MSJP) and ethyl acetate leaf extract of Syzygium reticulatum (EALSR) showed moderate clot rupture activity, the value of which were 61.30 ± 2.35% (**P<0.01) and 63.81 ± 1.92% (**P<0.01) accordingly, whereas streptokinase showed 73.6 ± 0.76% clot lysis capability. IC50 value was 6.82 ± 0.99 μg/mL for butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) wherein MSJP and EALSR showed 8.1± 1.44 (***P<0.001); and 10.34±2.12 (**P<0.01) μg/mL accordingly. In Brine shrimp cytotoxicity, MSJP, EALSR and vincristine sulphate exhibited mild activity with LC50, the value of which were 5.73±2.85 (*P<0.05), 5.12±1.57 (*P<0.05) and 0.52 ± 0.18 μg/mL respectively. The results proved the presence of many bioactive compounds showing thrombolytic, antioxidative and cytotoxic activities.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 97-103, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78924583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen Flower: A Comprehensive In vivo Study of its Central and Peripheral Analgesic, Hypoglycemic, Antidepressant, and Anti-Diarrheal Properties","authors":"Md Omar Sha Rafi, Nusrat Tabassum Shristy, V. Chowdhury, Md. Hasanur Rahman, Sauda Sultana Mimi, R. Afroz, T. A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67096","url":null,"abstract":"Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen (Local name “Surzo konna”) is a Southeast Asian perennial herb mostly used in rural areas as an ailment of dental disorders. This study involved the evaluation of peripheral and central analgesic activities, hypoglycemic, anti-diarrheal and anti-depressant activities of the methanolic extract of A. calva flower at different doses- (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of body weight) on Swiss Albino mice models. The sample exhibited moderate central analgesic activity at all doses whereas the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice revealed 67.69% reduction in peripheral pain response for both 400 and 600 mg/kg doses (69.23% for standard diclofenac sodium). Reduction in diarrheal faeces was found to be 41.03% and 46.46% at dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively compared to the standard loperamide 53.85%. Hypoglycemic activity in diabetic mice showed statistically significant data depending on increasing doses and thiopental induced sleeping test revealed the sedative activity (P<0.05) compared to diazepam. The in-vivo bioactivities suggest that this plant part can be a potential source of active lead compounds.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 65-71, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75931456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Essential Oil from the Epicarp of Nigerian Grown Afraegle paniculata (Rutaceae)","authors":"O. Babatunde, G. Ajayi, Olasupo O. Ajayi, I. Ajayi","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.67097","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils are used as therapeutic agents in aromatherapy. In this study, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the epicarp of Afraegle paniculata fruits from Nigeria were evaluated. The essential oil was obtained via hydro distillation and chemical components of the oils were analysed on Agilent Technologies 7890A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry system. Antimicrobial assay was performed by disc diffusion method. GC-MS analysis revealed sixteen compounds consisting mainly of oxygenated monoterpene (39.61 %), esters (15.3 %), sesquiterpenes (13.1 %) and sesquiterpene alcohol (9.42 %). The oil showed appreciable activity against all the tested microorganisms except Aspergillus niger. At concentration of 1000 μg/ml, the inhibitory effect observed for S. aureus was 16 mm followed by 15 mm for B. subtilis and 7 mm for P. aeruginosa. The findings suggest that essential oil from A. paniculata fruits could serve as a valuable raw material for perfumery and cosmetic products.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 73-80, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"275 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76994116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Nanophytomedicines and their Applications","authors":"Snigdha Bhardwaj","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64147","url":null,"abstract":"Among natural sources we mainly consider the plant-based phytochemicals. Phytochemicals or the secondary metabolites are the extract obtained from the herbal plants which may serve as a great venture for their utilization as nanomedicine. Drugs or compounds converted to nano range shows unique characteristics which lengthen circulation, ameliorate localization, improve drug efficiency, etc. Nanomedicine is the type of formulation which uses the nanotechnology to deliver the drug in the form of nanoparticles incorporated within the nanocarriers. Nanocarriers intensify solubility and stability of phytochemicals, prolong their half-life in blood and achieve sitetargeting delivery. The development of phyto-based nano formulations has been explored to have potential applications in managing life-threatening diseases. The present review highlights the compilation on the potential of phyto nanotherapeutics over the conventional treatments against various serious leading disorders.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 115-124, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"45 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78029867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening of Rhizome Extract of Curcuma longa Linn. Grown in Bangladesh through GC-MS and its Bioactivities","authors":"K. J. Ferdous, F. Afroz, S. Sharmin, Md. Rakibul Islam, M. Mazid, M. Sohrab","doi":"10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64142","url":null,"abstract":"The methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. rhizome was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The chromatographic investigation of the extract showed 27 constituents of which 19 compounds were newly found from C. longa. Here, the peaks obtained in the total ion chromatogram were compared with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database for identification of the constituents. The most plentiful component was 9-octadecenamide (Z) (5.93%). The component present in the lowest amount was 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid methyl ester (0.08%). The rhizome extract of C. longa and its six fractions (F1-F6) obtained through vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) were also investigated for antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.The crude extract and its fractions (F4-F6) exhibited strong antioxidant activity having IC50 values of 19.85, 18.41, 26.72 and 16.79 μg/ml, respectively compared to the standards butylated hydroxyl anisole (IC50 = 11.42 μg/ml) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 9.01 μg/ml). Strong cytotoxicity was found in crude extract (LC50 = 1.81 μg/ml) and fractions F4 (LC50 = 2.4 μg/ml), F5 (LC50 = 2.5 μg/ml) and F6 (LC50 = 2.3 μg/ml) when compared to the standard, tamoxifen (LC50 = 0.13 μg/ml). Fractions F1-F3 displayed mild to moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in comparison with the standard, Kanamycin. The compounds obtained through GC-MS may explain the above activities. The present results showed the prospect of this medicinal plant to explore further to determine the bioactive components.\u0000Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 11-20, 2023 (June)","PeriodicalId":11304,"journal":{"name":"Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74682393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}