Advanced Functional Materials最新文献

{"title":"All‐In‐One Carbon Foam Evaporators for Efficient Co‐Generation of Freshwater and Electricity","authors":"Guixin Hu, Huajian Liu, Kuankuan Liu, Huiyue Wang, Xueying Wen, Lijie Liu, Yan She, Lingling Feng, Ran Niu, Jiang Gong","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202423781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423781","url":null,"abstract":"Combining interfacial solar steam evaporation with power generation to produce freshwater and electricity is an effective approach to alleviating freshwater scarcity and energy crises. However, constructing low‐cost, efficient integrated evaporator‐generator devices remains challenging, and the synergistic mechanism underlying evaporation‐power co‐generation is not yet well understood. Herein, low‐cost carbon foam‐based bifunctional evaporators that effectively achieve freshwater and electricity co‐generation are designed. Carbon foam is obtained from waste polyester using a ball‐milling‐assisted carbonization strategy. The bifunctional evaporator demonstrates excellent water transport, outstanding sunlight absorption, and low evaporation enthalpy. It achieves an ultra‐high evaporation rate of 3.03 kg m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> with a conversion efficiency of 99.4%. Additionally, it exhibits continuous high voltage (0.33 V) and current output (14.4 µA), surpassing the performance of <jats:italic>state‐of‐the‐art</jats:italic> carbon materials‐based evaporators/generators. The outcome of molecular dynamics simulations demonstrates that the stronger interaction of surface functional groups in carbon foam with Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> than Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup> results in the formation of flow potential, when exposed to sunlight, further insights into the synergistic mechanism of power generation. This study expands a new path for sustainable electricity and freshwater co‐production by collecting natural energy using single, low‐cost, carbon foam‐based functional evaporator devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahedral Tilting and Lithium-Ion Transport in Halide Argyrodites Prepared by Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis","authors":"Austin M. Shotwell, Maxwell C. Schulze, Philip Yox, Cade Alaniz, Annalise E. Maughan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202500237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202500237","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates a rapid, dry, microwave-assisted (MW) synthesis method that enables preparation of halide argyrodites &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/842c8b3d-4527-49e8-b3cf-e756d2f963cd/adfm202500237-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"135\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/adfm202500237-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"2,5,6\" data-semantic-content=\"7,8\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper L i 6 upper P upper S 5 upper X\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"&gt;&lt;mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" size=\"s\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mn&gt;&lt;/mjx-script&gt;&lt;/mjx-msub&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mo&gt;&lt;mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"3,4\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" size=\"s\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mn&gt;&lt;/mjx-script&gt;&lt;/mjx-msub&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mo&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;/mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;/mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;/mjx-math&gt;&lt;mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"&gt;&lt;math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:1616301X:media:adfm202500237:adfm202500237-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/adfm202500237-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unidirectional Bias Study Based on Nickel Foam Electrochemical Ion Diode","authors":"Guo-Xian Zhao, Zu-Tao Pan, Yao Xu, Jing-Feng Hou, Ling-Bin Kong","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202417394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417394","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed supercapacitor diode (CAPode) integrates energy storage and diode characteristics into a single device, enabling high-capacity storage for a specific voltage direction. The CAPode expands the functionality of traditional supercapacitors to new technological applications, including microcircuit rectification, logic gate operations, and signal transmission. Conventional active materials for CAPodes include carbon materials and pseudocapacitor materials, among others, which can be complicated and expensive to synthesize. Here, a new commercial nickel foam-based electrochemical ion diode with ultra-high rectification characteristics (rectification ratio I of 5.41 and rectification ratio II of 0.85 at 200 mV s⁻¹) and good charge storage capacity (49.74 C g⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹) is reported. The key to achieving unidirectional charge storage lies in the sieve-selective oxidative reduction of ions in the alkaline electrolyte by nickel foam, enabling unidirectional OH⁻ transport. The emergence of nickel foam electrochemical ion diodes has opened up a new avenue for realizing the design of high-performance CAPodes due to their lower cost and extremely simple preparation process. Furthermore, the device is demonstrated to perform logical operations such as AND and OR in logic gate circuits, and the results presented may facilitate the practical application of ionic diodes.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kosmotropic Anions-Intensified Proline Additive Enabling Highly Stable Zn Anodes","authors":"Juan Zeng, Liubing Dong, Xin Guo","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202423194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423194","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the conspicuous merits of Zn metal anodes, the commercialization of Zn anode-based electrochemical energy storage devices is still constrained by uncontrollable dendrite growth and serious parasitic reactions. Herein, an innovative strategy of employing kosmotropic anions-intensified proline additive to regulate the Zn²⁺ solvation structure and manipulate the Zn deposition interface, thus achieving highly stable Zn anodes, is proposed. The key to this strategy lies in ingeniously utilizing kosmotropic SO₄²⁻ anions to enhance the affinity of proline adsorption layer on the Zn anodes and weaken the solvation of Zn²⁺. Consequently, Zn anodes in the proline-containing ZnSO₄ (ZnSO₄-proline) electrolyte deliver a remarkable lifespan over 2600 h at 1.0 mA cm⁻² and 1.0 mAh cm⁻². Even under a harsh plating/stripping condition (10 mA cm⁻² and 10 mAh cm⁻²), Zn anodes in the ZnSO₄-proline electrolyte stably operate for 650 h. Meanwhile, the Coulombic efficiency of Zn plating/stripping in the designed electrolyte is as high as 99.9% over 1100 cycles. The ZnSO₄-proline electrolyte endows Zn-ion batteries and Zn-ion hybrid capacitors with notably optimized long-term cycling stability. This work is expected to be of immediate benefit to design low-cost Zn-based energy storage systems with ultra-long lifespan.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Templated Freeze‐Casting for Porous Organic Battery Electrodes with High‐Rate Capabilities","authors":"Rinish Reddy Vaidyula, Kenta Kawashima, Zachary W. Brotherton, Robert Ferguson Fuller, Ziqing Wang, Christopher J. Ellison, Nathaniel A. Lynd, C. Buddie Mullins","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422459","url":null,"abstract":"Redox‐active polymer (RAP)‐based organic electrodes offer versatile energy storage solutions across various battery systems. However, effective dispersion of polymer active materials with conductive additives remains challenging, limiting active site accessibility and material utilization. This study introduces camphene (CAMP), a bio‐derived solvent, to fabricate porous organic electrodes through templated freeze casting. Compared to conventional N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP)‐cast electrodes, CAMP‐cast electrodes exhibit superior ion diffusion, lower charge transfer resistance, and enhanced reaction kinetics across three different RAPs. This results in excellent rate capabilities and significant capacity retention even at 20 A g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> current density. At higher mass loadings (&gt;1.0 mg cm<jats:sup>−</jats:sup><jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), CAMP‐cast electrodes achieve areal capacities of ≈0.15 mAh cm<jats:sup>−</jats:sup><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> at 0.5 A g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> over 1000 cycles and maintain more than 80% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2 A g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. These findings demonstrate CAMP's potential as an eco‐friendly alternative to NMP for producing high‐performance organic electrodes, offering a sustainable approach to advanced energy storage solutions.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria‐Derived Carbon Composite Anode for Highly Durable Lithium‐Ion Storage Enabled by Heteroatom Doping and Pore Construction","authors":"Jie Sun, Ping Li, Zhongling Cheng, Cheng Tang, Aijun Du, Haijiao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202500154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202500154","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria‐derived carbon anode materials have shown appealing potential for advanced energy storage applications due to their low cost and good sustainability. However, the few intrinsic defects, sluggish transmission dynamics, and low capacity become the main bottleneck for their further development. Herein, the study designs a highly B, N co‐doped mesoporous carbon (BNMC)/staphylococcus aureus‐derived carbon (SAC) composite via a facile assembly route, followed by boron‐doping. Enabled by heteroatom doping and pore construction, the resulting BNMC/SAC anode for lithium‐ion batteries demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 621.77 mAh g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 200 mA g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> even after 500 cycles, and an excellent rate performance of 405.14 mAh g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at 2 A g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Importantly, in situ/ex situ characterizations and theoretical simulation results further unveil that high B, N co‐doping along with a small amount of P doping can significantly increase the intrinsic defects of BNMC/SAC, thus providing more active sites for lithium‐ion storage. Furthermore, these structural features are conducive to improving the interfacial stability of the whole electrode, achieving a thin and uniform SEI film. The multi‐component co‐doping strategy along with pore engineering presents a scalable approach for enhancing the interfacial stability and transfer dynamics of carbon‐based electrode materials for low‐cost energy storage.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathable Biomimetic Chiral Porous MOF Thin Films for Multiple Enantiomers Sensing","authors":"Na Li, Jin‐Biao Zhang, Christof Wöll, Zhi‐Gang Gu, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202422860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422860","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral sensing is essential in pharmaceuticals, food safety, and environmental monitoring, but effectively and accurately detecting various enantiomers continues to be a substantial challenge. Inspired by the dynamic conformational change of olfactory receptor proteins, natural L‐carnosine (Car) is used as a ligand to assemble the first highly crystalline and oriented chiral peptide‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) thin films with liquid‐phase epitaxial layer‐by‐layer approach (named surfac‐coordinated MOF thin films, SURMOFs). By adjusting the solvent environment, these chiral and at the same time porous SURMOFs mimic the conformational flexibility of receptor proteins, exhibiting dynamic structural changes. This “breathing effect” enables ZnCar SURMOFs to selectively sense six fragrance enantiomers, including (+)/(−)‐carvone, (+)/(−)‐menthol, and (+)/(−)‐limonene. By incorporating these films into a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and analyzing the frequency shifts using convolutional neural networks (CNN), a highly sensitive gravimetric biomimetic chiral sensor capable of detecting multiple enantiomers has been developed. With a sensitivity range of 10 to 200 ppm, the sensor reached a recognition accuracy of 98.58% for these six enantiomers, showcasing outstanding selectivity and flexibility.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Construction of LiF/Li3N/LixGa Hybrid SEI to Boost Long-Lifespan Succinonitrile-Based Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries","authors":"Tianqi Yang, Jiatao Lou, Liuyi Hu, Qi Liu, Zhouyu Huang, Qingru Zhou, Haiyuan Zhang, Wenlong Song, Hui Huang, Yao Wang, Xinyong Tao, Yang Xia, Wenkui Zhang, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202423719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202423719","url":null,"abstract":"Succinonitrile (SN)-based in situ polymerized solid-state electrolytes (SIPSSEs) for lithium batteries have attracted considerable attention due to their high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window (ESW), and potential for large-scale applications. Despite these advantages, the polar cyano groups in SN molecules lead to significant interfacial problems upon direct contact with metallic lithium (Li), including unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and the growth of Li dendrites, which impede the further application of SIPSSEs to solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). To address these challenges, here a GaF₃-modified SIPSSE (GSNE) is developed by incorporating GaF₃ and fluoroethylene carbonate to passivate metallic Li and employing ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate to anchor SN molecules. As a result of this strategic electrolyte component design, GSNE achieves an ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C as well as wide ESW up to 4.6 V. Additionally, a LiF/Li₃N/Li_xGa hybrid SEI is formed on the metallic Li surface through an in situ alloying reaction. This hybrid SEI demonstrates superior interfacial stability and fast Li⁺ transport kinetics, as confirmed by various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations. Consequently, LiFePO₄/GSNE/Li cells exhibit excellent rate performance and cycling stability. This work provides new insights into the designing of long-lifespan SIPSSEs-based SSLMBs.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Fidelity Directed Self-Assembly Using Higher-χ Polystyrene-Block-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Derivatives for Dislocation-Free Sub-10 nm Features","authors":"Shinsuke Maekawa, Lander Verstraete, Hyo Seon Suh, Takehiro Seshimo, Takahiro Dazai, Kazufumi Sato, Kan Hatakeyama-Sato, Yuta Nabae, Teruaki Hayakawa","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421066","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography currently enables the creation of ultrafine patterns. However, as miniaturization progresses, stochastic defects become a significant challenge. Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) has gained attention for pattern rectification to improve the quality of EUV patterns or for density multiplication to obtain sub-10 nm features. DSA is one of the most promising miniaturization processes because it does not cause stochastic defects. However, dislocation defects are an important issue in density multiplication using strongly segregating BCP. This study demonstrates the use of DSA on 300 mm silicon wafers with higher-Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (<i>χ</i>) polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate) derivatives for sub-10 nm features. These higher-<i>χ</i> polymers, synthesized from polystyrene-<i>block</i>-[poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-<i>random</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate)] (PS-<i>b</i>-PGM) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol (PS-<i>b</i>-PG_FM), show excellent reproducibility of perpendicular lamellae. Line patterns with a sub-10 nm half-pitch are successfully formed by DSA on 300 mm wafers. Line patterns without parallel-oriented structures or dislocations can be achieved by optimizing the chemical guides and annealing conditions. A polymer with a higher <i>χN</i> value exhibits improved roughness in the resulting line patterns.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marangoni Effect Enabling Autonomously Miniatured Swimmers: Mechanisms, Design Strategy, and Applications","authors":"Haidong Yu, Yiming Wang, Zhiqiang Hou, Xiaohu Xia, Haotian Chen, Bingsuo Zou, Yabin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202424235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202424235","url":null,"abstract":"Miniature swimmers hold considerable potential for precision tasks in the confined environments, yet challenges persist with a simple, sustained, and controllable actuation for their large-scale applications in real-world scenarios. Marangoni-propelled miniature swimmers (MPMSs), leveraging surface-tension-gradient-driven interfacial flows, emerg as a promising solution due to simple implementation and scalable operation. The Marangoni effect, characterized by interfacial flow caused by surface tension gradients, offers a promising propulsion mechanism for the object movement at the liquid surfaces. Leveraging this effect, MPMSs have attracted great interest all over the world. In this regard, this review provides an overview of the latest advancement in the design and application of MPMSs, highlighting the synergy of various responsive materials and structural engineering to enable on-demand surface tension gradients for sustained Marangoni propulsion of the MPMSs. First, it systematically introduces different mechanisms for the generation of surface tension gradient to actuate these swimmers. Subsequently, it elaborately discusses the preparation materials and specialized structural designs employed in MPMSs while elucidating the correlation between propulsion mechanisms and swimmer design strategies. Furthermore, potential practical applications of MPMSs across various scenarios are presented briefly. Finally, remaining challenges along with possible solutions are presented.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}