Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"An optimized and efficient method for immobilization and stabilization of penicillin G acylase onto PEI-coated magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles.","authors":"Mohammad Karim Emadzadeh, Hamidreza Pourzamani, Azadeh Hekmat, Mohsen Chiani, Dariush Norouzian","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2567548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2567548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The penicillin G acylase (PGA) enzyme, found in bacteria, yeast, and fungi, is used to produce 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and beta-lactam antibiotics. To improve the catalytic activity and reusability of PGA, an efficient immobilization protocol was recruited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ MNPs) were functionalized through polyethylene imine, and the PGA was immobilized on nanoparticles using a glutaraldehyde linker. The nanoparticles were monodispersed with spherical shape and size around 35nm and analyzed by SEM and DLS methods. The optimization process was performed by Design Expert 10.0 software based on the RSM method and CCD design. The immobilization of the enzyme was confirmed by FT-IR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At optimal stabilization conditions, the maximum amount of 6-APA intermediate substance was obtained at a temperature of 10 °C and a time of 336 minutes. The V_max and K_m were obtained around 0.024 mM and 1.04 mM for free PGA, and 0.47 mM and 1.53 mM for immobilized PGA. The stabilization increased the maximum speed of penicillin hydrolysis by a 2-fold. The antibiotic ampicillin was synthesized using 6-APA and phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME), and the immobilized enzyme maintained 45.87% of the initial activity after 10 reuse cycles, indicating that the immobilized enzyme had good stability and reusability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our results showed that this nanoparticle could be considered a promising matrix for PGA immobilization, with the advantages of high catalytic efficiency and enhanced stability and reusability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and estimation of lipid hybrid nanocarriers co-loaded oxaliplatin and melatonin for breast cancer.","authors":"Gizem Ruya Topal, Seyma Adatepe, Jülide Secerli, Merve Gudul Bacanli","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2562182","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2562182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Drug resistance and significant adverse effects limit anticancer drugs efficacy despite their availability. Oxaliplatin (OXA), a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, has shown potential in metastatic breast cancer, however, its toxicity limit its use. Melatonin (MEL) demonstrates anticancer activity and improves chemotherapy efficacy, but its therapeutic use is limited by poor stability and short half-life. Nanocarriers, particularly lipid-polymer-hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs), offer an innovative approach to improve drug delivery, enhance bioavailability, and limited systemic toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OXA and MEL co-encapsulated LPNs were prepared. Design of Experiments (DoE)-based optimization was employed using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) to systematically evaluate critical formulation parameters. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release, FTIR, DSC, and stability studies were carried out. The effects of OXA-MEL-loaded-LPNs were assessed on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimized LPNs exhibited a particle size of ∼240 nm, PDI of 0.17, zeta potential of -30 mV, and encapsulation efficiencies of 99.1% for MEL and 96.1% for OXA. <i>In vitro</i> release studies showed sustained release, with ∼26% OXA and ∼18% MEL released over 8 h. FTIR and DSC analysis showed all substances were loaded into particles. Stability data indicate that particle size remains within the acceptable range for up to one week. Lyophilization resulted in a slight increase in particle size and PDI. Co-loaded LPNs exhibited significant cellular cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that LPNs offer a promising platform for combination therapy, potentially improving treatment outcomes in breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted delivery of resveratrol using PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles decorated with folic acid for cancer therapy: characterization, and <i>in vitro</i> studies.","authors":"Snehaprabha Tomar, Kapil Joshi, Vigi Chaudhary, Ragini Singh, Naveen Chaudhary, Vikram Kumar, Sudarshan Singh Lakhawat, Ashwani Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2562181","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2562181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop, characterize, and evaluate resveratrol-loaded pegylated PLGA [poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)] nanoparticles with folate conjugation for improved drug delivery and cytotoxic efficacy against MCF7 breast cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The significance of this drug delivery system is to enhance the wetting characteristics of resveratrol and reduce nanoparticle agglomeration for maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic cytotoxicity using PLGA and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymeric nanoparticles as carriers. The process of fabrication and characterization of polymeric conjugate by utilizing PLGA-PEG surface engineered with folic acid for target specificity has already been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanoparticles were prepared by double-emulsion solvent evaporation using PPF (PLGA-PEG-FOLATE conjugate polymer) and PVA (Poly vinyl alcohol) as a stabilizer. Compatibility studies were performed using FTIR, DSC, and XRD. Formulations (NF1-NF8) were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and <i>in vitro</i> release. Surface morphology was assessed by SEM and TEM. MTT assay evaluated cytotoxicity while fluorescence microscopy analyzed cellular uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compatibility studies confirmed no drug-excipient interactions. NF3 exhibited optimal characteristics: particle size 332.1 nm, zeta potential -24.6 mV, entrapment efficiency 78.65 ± 0.165%, and drug loading 36.19 ± 0.154%. <i>In vitro</i> release was sustained up to 120 h (75.17 ± 0.22%), fitting zero-order kinetics with Fickian diffusion. NF3 displayed enhanced cytotoxicity (IC50 340.26 nM) compared to free resveratrol (993.29 nM). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed improved cellular uptake <i>via</i> folate conjugation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resveratrol-loaded PPF nanoparticles, particularly NF3, demonstrated superior stability, sustained release, and enhanced anticancer activity, making them a promising candidate for targeted breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in oral <i>in situ</i> gel drug delivery system: a polymeric approach.","authors":"Shreya L, Suma U S, Zohmingliani R","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2559033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2559033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to explore <i>in situ</i> gelling drug delivery systems with emphasis on formulation strategies, gelation mechanisms, administration routes, and therapeutic benefits. It also seeks to understand the role of different polymers in achieving optimal gelation and drug release profiles. Additionally, the review aims to identify current research gaps and highlight potential areas for future development and clinical translation.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong><i>In situ</i> gels are liquid formulations that convert into gels upon exposure to physiological triggers such as pH, temperature, or ionic strength. These systems offer advantages like sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, and enhanced patient compliance. Their adaptability supports various administration routes including ocular, nasal, oral, gastrointestinal, vaginal, and bladder delivery.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>A wide range of natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic polymers have been studied for their <i>in situ</i> gelation properties. Most formulations exhibit rapid gelation upon contact with biological fluids and demonstrate good physicochemical stability. Controlled and sustained drug release was observed <i>in vitro</i> across different polymeric systems. The inclusion of mucoadhesive agents significantly improved residence time at the site of administration and enhanced drug absorption. These systems were found to be compatible with multiple delivery routes and maintained stability under physiological conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>In situ</i> gelling drug delivery systems represent a versatile and efficient approach for site-specific, controlled drug release. Their ability to respond to physiological stimuli and improve mucosal retention makes them a promising alternative to traditional formulations. Continued research into polymer optimization and clinical application may further expand their therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring efficient therapy for cutaneous neoplasm using gel formulations.","authors":"Usha D H, Keerthy H S","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2560025","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2560025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review examines the pathology and treatment of cutaneous neoplasms, highlighting the limitations of conventional therapies and the potential of gel-based drug delivery systems for the efficient treatment of localized skin cancer.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma types, has a growing concern in global health with increasing incidence due to UV exposure and lifestyle changes. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation are often limited by systemic toxicity, drug resistance and poor skin barrier penetration. Gel-based drug delivery systems, including hydrogels, nanogels, and liposome gels, offer innovative solutions by improving drug stability enabling controlled release, and reducing adverse effects. These systems enhance localized treatment by improving drug retention and targeted delivery.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Conventional treatments face challenges such as high toxicity and inefficient drug penetration. Gel-based drug delivery systems provide enhanced drug stability, controlled release, and better skin permeability. Stimuli-responsive gels, which react to environmental factors like pH and temperature, optimize drug absorption and therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. These systems address key challenges in cutaneous neoplasm therapy by improving drug delivery and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gel-based drug delivery systems offer a promising advancement in skin cancer treatment. Their ability to enhance drug stability, provide targeted delivery, and reduce toxicity suggests a shift toward more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-edge strategies for delivering drugs to the brain based on nanocarriers.","authors":"Tapan Kumar Shaw, Saikat Mollick Shuvo, Paramita Paul, Abhishek Jana, Kazi Asraf Ali","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2555858","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2555858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to explore advanced nanotechnology-integrated delivery systems designed to facilitate the transport of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>CNS disorders remain a primary global health concern due to their progressive nature and limited treatment options. Conventional therapies exhibit minimal efficacy, primarily due to the restrictive nature of the BBB, which impedes drug access to brain tissue. Overcoming this barrier is crucial to improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing systemic side effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive analysis of nanotechnology-based approaches was conducted, focusing on the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, their interactions with the BBB, and their roles in targeted drug delivery. Strategies involving nanoparticle engineering, ligand-functionalized systems, and gene delivery vectors were critically reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nanotechnology has shown considerable promise in facilitating drug delivery across the BBB. Nano-engineered platforms are capable of targeting specific cells, modulating signaling pathways, enhancing neuronal survival, and even inducing regeneration. Various successful nanocarriers, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and exosomes, demonstrate enhanced drug penetration and specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nanotechnology holds transformative potential in treating CNS disorders by addressing the limitations posed by the BBB. Continued research into the design and optimization of brain-targeted nano-systems holds the key to safer, more effective therapies. The manuscript also highlights current challenges and considerations in developing such delivery systems for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of astragaloside IV dripping pills on mice with dilated cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Tiantian Xie, Dawei Wu","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2557984","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2557984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: To prepare astragaloside IV dripping pills (ASDP) and assess their therapeutic effects on mice with doxorubicin hydrochloride-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). <b>Significance</b>: Astragaloside IV (AS) exhibits pharmacological effects in treating cardiovascular diseases, however, its clinical application is hindered by poor solubility and low bioavailability. The study sheds light on new therapeutic strategy of DCM and development of AS formulations. <b>Methods</b>: The ASDP prepared by solid dispersion technology were optimized and characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as evaluations of appearance, average weight, hardness, disintegration time, drug content, solubility and dissolution behavior. The therapeutic effects of ASDP on mice with doxorubicin hydrochloride-induced DCM were performed <i>via</i> echocardiography, heart weight index measurements, pathological examination of heart tissues, and determination of serum levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). <b>Results</b>: ASDP presented as round, white pills with an average weight of 27.61 mg, a short disintegration time (approximately 3 min), a hardness of 4.9 ± 0.2 N and drug content of 64.5 ± 0.12mg/g. Compared to AS, ASDP significantly improved solubility and dissolution rate. In the doxorubicin hydrochloride-induced DCM mouse model, ASDP alleviated cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, reduced necrosis, and decreased serum levels of Ang II, BNP and ST2. <b>Conclusion</b>: ASDP, which enhance the solubility and dissolution of AS, demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy against DCM, suggesting their potential as a promising candidate for DCM treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysin-functionalized gold nanoparticles and paclitaxel exhibit synergistic impact on lung cancer cell lines via regulating the AKT/PPAR-ϒ/β-catenin pathway.","authors":"Saheli Roy, Shashi Kant, Krishna Das Saha, Tarun Jha","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2024.2393327","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2024.2393327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer has become progressively widespread, posing a challenge to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs such as platinum compounds and paclitaxel (PTX) owing to growing resistance. Along with that, the chemotherapeutic drugs infer major side effects. The usage of natural compounds as chemosensitizers to boost the efficacy of these chemotherapeutic drugs and minimizing their toxicity is a plausible approach. In our investigation, we employed PTX as the standard chemotherapeutic agent and utilized chrysin-functionalized gold nanoparticles (CHR-AuNPs) to augment its cytotoxicity. Gold nanoparticles were chosen for their inherent cytotoxic properties and ability to enhance chrysin's bioavailability and solubility. Characterization of CHR-AuNP revealed spherical nanoparticles within the nano-size range (35-70 nm) with a stable negative zeta potential of -22 mV, confirmed by physicochemical analyses including UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis, and visual observation of the wine-red coloration. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay cytotoxicity studies demonstrated CHR-AuNP's superior efficacy compared to CHR alone, with synergistic effects observed in combination with PTX, validated by Compusyn software. Morphological changes indicative of apoptosis were more pronounced with combined treatment, corroborated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining and Annexin V assays. Furthermore, the combination treatment amplified reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and destabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, while altering the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Exploring the mechanistic pathways, we found that the drugs upregulated PPAR-γ expression while suppressing Akt and overexpressing PTEN, thereby impeding the Wnt/β-catenin pathway commonly dysregulated in lung cancer. This highlights the potential of low-dose combination therapy with PTX and CHR-AuNP as a promising strategy for addressing lung cancer's challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1030-1043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: nanomedicine and application; characterization, diagnosis, treatment, and targeting cancers.","authors":"Ahmed A H Abdellatif, Nahla Sameh Tolba, Hesham M Tawfeek","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2547148","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2547148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"985-986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144845001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacodynamic evaluation of ash-zinc oxide nanoparticles: synergistic gel formulation for wound healing and anti-inflammatory applications.","authors":"Aishwarya Jain, Kiran Bhise","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2551634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2551634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aims to develop and evaluate the wound-healing and anti-inflammatory potential of Ash-ZnO NPs and Ash-ZnO NPs gel formulation, synthesized using <i>Saraca asoca</i> extract and stabilized in a chitosan matrix. The goal was to overcome the limitations of conventional ZnO nanoparticles, including instability, cytotoxicity, and uncontrolled release.<b>Significance:</b> Although ZnO nanoparticles possess antimicrobial and regenerative properties, their clinical utility is limited by aggregation and dose-dependent toxicity. The use of <i>Saraca asoca</i>, a medicinal plant rich in flavonoids and phenolics, provides a green synthesis approach that enhances nanoparticle stability and biological activity. Incorporation into a chitosan-based gel further improves topical application by enhancing adhesion, moisture retention, and sustained release. Chitosan also contributes additional healing benefits due to its intrinsic biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and role in tissue regeneration.<b>Methods:</b> Ash-ZnO NPs were synthesized through a green co-precipitation method and formulated into a chitosan hydrogel. <i>In vitro</i> assays, including MTT, scratch wound, and protein denaturation tests, were used to assess cytocompatibility, fibroblast migration, and anti-inflammatory potential. <i>In vivo</i> wound-healing efficacy was evaluated in rats using an excision model, supported by histopathological analysis.<b>Results:</b> The Ash-ZnO NPs gel exhibited 72.5% inhibition of protein denaturation and achieved 75.63% wound closure within 48 h. Histology confirmed organized tissue architecture and minimal inflammation.<b>Conclusion:</b> The Ash-ZnO NPs gel represents a promising, biocompatible wound-care formulation that enhances nanoparticle stability, modulates inflammation, and accelerates tissue repair, offering strong potential for clinical dermatological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}