Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Dual extrusion-based 3D-printed core-shell tablets for colorectal delivery of Mebeverine hydrochloride.","authors":"Azin Goudarzi, Tahmineh Karami, Hussein Abdelamir Mohammad, Mohammad Akrami, Saeid Mohammadi, Ismaeil Haririan","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2573673","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2573673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to fabricate a delayed-release tablet of Mebeverine hydrochloride using a novel dual extrusion-based 3D printing approach to improve the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This study highlights a dual extrusion-based 3D printing approach that integrates a hydrogel core of Mebeverine hydrochloride with a melt-extruded polymeric shell in a single step, protecting from acidic and thermal stress while achieving controlled release. The 3D-printed tablet meets USP quality standards, demonstrating a promising strategy for IBS management and personalized therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The tablet design combines a drug-loaded hydrogel core with a melted extruded polymeric shell, created simultaneously in a single printing process. While the shell formed through melt extrusion (ME) using an optimized blend Kollidon^® VA 64, PEG 4000, HPMCP, Eudragit RL100, triethyl citrate, and talc, the hydrogel core methylcellulose, sodium alginate, sodium chloride, and the drug, deposited into the internal cavity by pressure-assisted micro-syringe (PAM) extrusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resultant tablet limited drug release in acidic circumstances while achieving 98.6% drug release over 12 h in phosphate buffer. Weight variation, friability, hardness, assay, and content uniformity met USP specifications. SEM imaging indicated smooth and consistent surface morphology. Moreover, FTIR spectrums showed no unwanted chemical interactions, TGA and DSC analysis verified the thermal stability the drug and excipients at printing temperatures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dual extrusion based-3D printing of drug-loaded hydrogel and thermoplastic polymers provides a promising delayed-release single dosage to deliver of thermo- and acid-labile drugs for the management of IBS and associated gastrointestinal disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Nanoparticle-Enabled Risperidone Delivery for Improved Therapeutic Outcomes of Schizophrenia Management: A Review.","authors":"Ashwin Kumar, Mahesha Keerikkadu, Pragathi Devanand Bangera, Akshay Shetty, Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala, Mahalaxmi Rathnanand","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2579655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2579655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Risperidone (RSP)-loaded nanoparticles as an innovative drug delivery approach for effective schizophrenia (SZ) management and improved patient outcomes.SignificanceSchizophrenia is a long-standing mental disorder involving disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior, frequently necessitating extended pharmacologic therapy. While RSP, a second-generation antipsychotic, is efficacious against both positive and negative symptoms, its therapeutic use is impaired by limited water solubility, low oral bioavailability, extensive first-pass metabolism, and dose-dependent side effects. Overcoming these limitations may substantially benefit patient outcomes. Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed the development of several RSP-loaded nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.Key findingsThis review evaluates these systems according to drug loading efficiency, release kinetics, brain-targeting capacity, and drug administration routes, according to preclinical data. RSP nanoparticles exhibited improved solubility, sustained release, enhanced brain targeting, and decreased systemic toxicity. Intranasal and parenteral routes are additional advantages in enhancing bioavailability and compliance in non-compliant patients. Such formulations provide improved pharmacokinetic profiles and reduce extrapyramidal symptoms.ConclusionRSP-loaded nanoparticles are a valuable innovation in SZ therapy through enhancing efficacy, minimizing side effects, and improving patient compliance. More clinical studies are warranted to determine their safety, long-term efficacy, and commercial viability for translation into the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145344048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of hot-melt extrusion in drug solubility enhancement: recent innovations and future directions.","authors":"Shamama Javed","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2576504","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2576504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a solvent-free, scalable, efficient, and continuous process to overcome the challenges of poor solubility in new drug entities. Using HME technique, crystalline drugs are converted to amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), which significantly enhances their dissolution rates and oral bioavailability. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive review of HME as a transformative strategy in pharmaceutical manufacturing.</p><p><strong>Significance of review: </strong>This review critically analyzes the mechanistic insights of solubility enhancement using HME, its advantages over traditional methods, key formulation components, and the influence of processing parameters on drug stability and performance. Moreover, translational case studies emphasizing the applications of HME in solubility enhancement, and the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular modeling are discussed in detail. It also covers the patent landscape relevant to HME and compares HME with other methods of ASD preparation.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The literature indicated that recent technological advancements in HME including nanocrystal generation, co-crystallization, hybrid methods, and three-dimensional printing integration garners its immense potential and highlighting its wide scope of applications. Recent integration of AI and machine learning (ML) with HME has emerged as a forward-looking strategy that can be employed successfully in the optimization of formulation design and manufacturing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The continuous processing capabilities, adaptability to various dosage forms, and compatibility with modern drug development strategies have highlighted the importance and versatile applications of HME. Moreover, growing regulatory acceptance and continuous innovations have placed HME at the forefront of pharmaceutical development for poorly soluble compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of injection molded multi drug delivery IUD for women's health therapy against bacterial and viral infections.","authors":"Maycon Jair Coelho, Gustavo Ferrari, Loise Silveira da Silva, Luiz Alberto Kanis, Gean Vitor Salmoria","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2574996","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2574996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate a scalable, multidrug-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) capable of treating common gynecological infections caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Women's health encompasses both physical and emotional well-being and is impacted by inequitable access to advanced healthcare technologies. Conditions such as genital herpes, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) are prevalent and often managed with systemic oral drugs, which can reduce patient compliance and treatment efficacy due to side effects and dosing challenges. A localized, sustained-release IUD could improve adherence and therapeutic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An IUD was manufactured using injection molding with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) due to its biocompatibility. Devices were loaded with acyclovir and silver sulfadiazine, with actual drug incorporation measured at ∼2%-3% w/w for single or combination formulations. Physical-chemical, mechanical, and <i>in vitro</i> drug release tests were conducted to evaluate feasibility and performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The injection molded HDPE-based IUD demonstrated sustained drug release and structural integrity. Initial <i>in vitro</i> results confirmed the capability to release multiple agents over time, although drug loading efficiency remains an area for improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This approach presents a promising, scalable strategy for localized treatment of gynecological infections. Further optimization and <i>in vivo</i> studies are warranted to validate the device's therapeutic effectiveness and regulatory readiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tartaric acid pellets as a core for extended-release of sildenafil citrate: development via solid dispersion and factorial design.","authors":"Amanda Moscibroski da Silva Bedin, Jéssika Adriane Janning, Volnei José Tondo, Vanderson Galan, Fábio Pinheiro de Souza, Amabili Leal Pieracio, Giulia Sayuri Fukase Dos Santos, Márcia Nunes da Silva, Isabela Angeli de Lima, Élcio José Bunhak","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2571718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2571718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, causing vascular remodeling and eventual right heart failure. Sildenafil citrate (SC), a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, used in PAH management; however, its clinical utility is limited by poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability (38 - 42%).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop an extended-release sildenafil citrate formulation using tartaric acid pellets as the core, with a solid dispersion system incorporating Soluplus® and Tween^® 80 to enhance solubility and sustain release.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A spray-drying technique was employed to prepare the solid dispersion, and a factorial design was used to optimize the formulation parameters. The optimized dispersion was layered onto inert tartaric acid and subsequently coated with 7% ethylcellulose and hypromellose (80:20) to achieve sustained drug release.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized formulation (DS03), comprising a 1:1 ratio of Soluplus^®: to SC with 10% Tween^® 80, increased SC solubility by 50% in FaSSIF (pH 6.5), from 0.04 to 0.06 mg/mL. Incorporation into coated tartaric acid pellets further enhanced solubility to 0.51 mg/mL, representing a 1,175% improvement over pure SC (a 12.75-fold increase). The formulation provided sustained drug release for up to 12 hours, with a mean dissolution time (MDT) of 190 minutes, compared to less than 20 minutes for the immediate-release reference (Revatio^®).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This novel extended-release system significantly improves SC solubility and enables prolonged release, which may reduce dosing frequency and adverse effects, enhancing patient adherence. Further studies on stability and pharmacokinetics are warranted to support clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Vesicular Nanosystems Incorporated Into Film-Forming Gels for Niacinamide Cutaneous Delivery.","authors":"Schauana Freitas Fraga, Larissa Pedron Duarte, Renata Vidor Contri, Irene Clemes Külkamp Guerreiro","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2574997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2574997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Niacinamide is a hydrophilic cosmetic ingredient whose low skin permeation and limited incorporation into conventional nanocarriers present significant challenges.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This investigation focused on developing a nanocarrier to enhance the skin permeation of niacinamide. A novel film-forming gel system incorporating these nanocarriers was proposed, and its physicochemical characteristics were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanocarriers containing niacinamide (1mg/mL) were prepared with phytantriol evaluating their physicochemical characterization, stability, antioxidant activity and skin permeation, in comparison with the active ingredient in its free form. These nanocarriers were incorporated into a film-forming gel system, using Polifil® (6 and 8%) as the film-forming polymer. Prior physicochemical characterization of the film-forming gel system was also conducted. The formulations were prepared without the use of organic solvents, using a top-down approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytantriol -based nanocarriers regarding their physical-chemical characterization showed Z-average of 160 nm, polydispersity index of 0.104, zeta potential of -22 mV, pH of 6.6 and niacinamide content of 100.2%, with an incorporation rate of 52.7%. These parameters remained unchanged for 30 days at room temperature. Also, the nanocarriers containing niacinamide showed significantly greater niacinamide dermal penetration (p < 0.05) compared to the free active ingredient. Phytantriol -based nanocarriers presented an improvement in antioxidant activity, assessed by DPPH and β-carotene reduction methods (p < 0.05). Finally, in the film-forming gel system, the formulation at 8%, presented rheological and bioadhesion parameters appropriate for topical use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The film-forming gel with phytantriol-based nanocarriers shows promising properties for the topical application of niacinamide.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cathepsin C: a critical mediator between immune response and cardiovascular disease - therapeutic implications of enzyme inhibition.","authors":"Alaa A A Aljabali, Mohammad A Obeid, Omar Gammoh, Walhan Alshaer, Esam Qnais, Abdelrahim Alqudah, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Mohamed El-Tanani","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2571722","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2571722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cathepsin C (CatC) is a lysosomal dipeptidyl peptidase that performs multiple physiological and pathological functions in the body. This review focuses on the complex biological roles of this enzyme in proteolytic networks, immune cell regulation, and cellular homeostasis. CatC is an enzymatic mediator that processes pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic precursors, such as neutrophil serine proteases, granzymes, and cathepsins. Recently, the role of CatC in inflammatory cascades, release, and immune modulation has extended far beyond its classical proteolytic function. Although CatC has been implicated in a wide range of pathologies, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, its therapeutic significance is unclear. The catalytic mechanism of sequential N-terminal dipeptide release offers the possibility of fine-tuning the proteolytic pathways. Genetic and biochemical evidence support its crucial role in cellular communication, inflammation, and immune regulation, making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic intervention. Emerging evidence suggests that CatC is a guardian molecule in pathogenesis and a novel therapeutic target. However, its multifunctionality necessitates specific interventions. This review synthesizes the findings, molecular mechanisms, and future perspectives, highlighting the potential of this enzyme to reshape therapeutic strategies for various diseases. For CatC inhibitors to reach their full therapeutic potential, barriers such as multifunctional regulation, systemic effects, and host-specific responses must be overcome in future studies. Omics technologies, biomarker discovery, combination treatments, and other novel approaches are expected to provide solutions for the management of inflammatory and immunological diseases, which would point toward addressing systemic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and optimization of micro-emulgel loaded with <i>Teucrium polium</i> and chicken bile extracts.","authors":"Fatima Zohra Badaoui, Abdallah Bakhouche, Soheib Bechkri, Sofiane Djelmami Hani, Chawki Bensouici","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2571720","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2571720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to optimize the extraction of <i>Teucrium polium</i> (TP) and chicken bile (Bi), evaluate their biological activities and formulate a micro-emulgel for hemorrhoidal therapy.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong><i>Teucrium polium</i> and chicken bile have been historically valued for their traditional medicine for treating hemorrhoids. Therefore, they were used for the development of pharmaceutical formulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to determine the optimal extraction parameters for <i>Teucrium polium</i>, including ethanol/water ratio, extraction time, and material/solvent ratio as factors. The biological activities of both TP and Bi extracts, including antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed. The simplex lattice design was used to optimize the formulation of micro-emulgel of both extracts by studying the effect of the surfactant/co-surfactant ratio as well as the oil and water on the spreadability and viscosity of the micro-emulgel. The micro-emulgel was then characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>Teucrium polium</i> extract demonstrated strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, while chicken bile exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. The optimal micro-emulgel had a good consistency and stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest the potential for these natural extracts to be formulated into topical therapies for hemorrhoidal treatment, supporting their traditional use in medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of chromatographic techniques for impurity profiling and stability-indicating analysis of ceftriaxone sodium.","authors":"Abeer Srour, Basima Arous, Mhd Amer Al-Mardini","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2569570","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2569570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review critically evaluates chromatographic methodologies for impurity profiling and stability-indicating analysis of ceftriaxone sodium, with particular focus on polymerized impurities that pose significant patient safety concerns.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Ceftriaxone sodium, a widely prescribed third-generation cephalosporin, exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and convenient once-daily dosing. However, impurities-particularly polymerized forms-pose safety risks such as hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. In contrast to earlier review focused on drug determination, this work emphasizes impurity profiling and highlights gaps in current analytical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature survey was conducted across official pharmacopoeias and major databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar) using keywords: ceftriaxone sodium, impurity profile, polymerized impurities, ceftriaxone stability, and ceftriaxone degradation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reversed-phase HPLC with C18 columns was the predominant technique (93%), most commonly coupled with UV detection at 254 nm. Isocratic elution was applied in 82% of methods, with acetonitrile as the preferred organic modifier; ion-pairing agents were used in 39% of cases, and 20 µL was the most commonly used injection volume (54%). Only 14% of studies addressed polymerized impurities, with the Chinese Pharmacopeia uniquely mandating gel filtration chromatography for their assessment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Current impurity profiling strategies have limitations in detecting polymerized forms due to their low abundance, variable polymerization degrees, poor stability, and interference from co-existing molecules.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is an urgent need for robust, sensitive, and polymer-specific analytical approaches to improve impurity profiling, and safeguard patient safety. Future studies should incorporate greenness (AGREE), risk (RAPI), and analytical performance (BAGI) metrics to identify sustainable and reliable strategies for ceftriaxone impurity assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocarriers as drug delivery system for chemotherapeutic agents: from inception to clinical implementation.","authors":"Talha Zubair, Sheikh Arefin Rashid, Nishat Laila Bristy, Somnath Banik, Shanjida Sultana, Tanjum Jahan Mojumder, Rafsana Binte Ashraf, Abdullah-Al Masum","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2569572","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2569572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review investigates the advancements of nanocarrier-based chemotherapeutic agents from their inception to present-day implementation. It focuses on the types of nanocarriers introduced to date, the FDA-approved nanomedicines and the nanomedicines undergoing clinical trials, and particularly discusses how nanomedicine overcomes many biochemical, biophysical, and biomedical barriers whose efficacy far exceeds other conventional drug delivery systems (DDS).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This review highlights the unique ability of nanocarriers that improve the solubility of drugs, effectively transporting and accumulating large drug doses specifically to tumor cells, destroying them, and exploiting the erratic tumor microenvironment (TME) due to defective angiogenesis by cancer cells, setting nanocarriers apart from conventional DDS.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Nanomedicines like Doxil rely on passive targeting and are effective only in solid tumors, displaying the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Therefore, different approaches are taken to improve the EPR effect in metastatic cancer through active targeting. Nanomedicine circumvents efflux transporters and reduces multidrug resistance. Aside from being used as a medium for anti-cancer agents, nanocarriers can also be used for cancer immunotherapy, gene therapy, and diagnostic purposes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nanomedicines enhance drug delivery, reduce toxicity, and improve the therapeutic efficacy in cancer therapy. Nanomedicine also aids in cancer imaging and enables advanced immunotherapy and gene therapy. These innovations can lead to more effective, personalized cancer treatments with fewer side effects. However, nanocarriers still has some limitations and challenges such as its own toxicity, payload issues and immunogenic reactions, which are further needed to be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}