Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Lenvatinib-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Functionalized with Twenty-Polyglycerol Vitamin E Succinate for Liver Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Yanyan Zhou, Shengnan Luo, Zhe Jiang, Xiang Luo, Zhangsen Yu, Zhixin Wang, Kewu Zhu","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2542473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2542473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lenvatinib (LEN), a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), faces limitations due to adverse effects and drug resistance. This study aimed to develop LEN-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) modified with twenty-polyglycerol vitamin E succinate (PG20-VES@LEN-SLNs) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and compare them with Tween80-modified SLNs (Tween80@LEN-SLNs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The formulation of LEN-SLNs was optimized based on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) by screening lipid matrices (GMS, GMP, SA, CP, GB, GMD), surfactant types (Tween80, PG20-VES, TPGS1000, F68), and GMS:SPC ratios. Physicochemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), and in vitro drug release profiles were evaluated. Cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells was assessed via MTT assay, and cellular uptake was visualized using Nile Red-labeled SLNs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimized PG20-VES@LEN-SLNs exhibited a smaller particle size (294.6 ± 10.4 nm vs. 308.6 ± 29.5 nm for Tween80@LEN-SLNs) and higher EE (80.7 ± 5.1% vs. 72.7 ± 4.0%). Both formulations showed sustained drug release over 48 hours, significantly slower than free LEN (97.4% released in 24 hours). PG20-VES@LEN-SLNs demonstrated superior cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 36.47 μM) compared to Tween80@LEN-SLNs (IC50 = 42.49 μM) and free LEN (IC50 = 116.8 μM), with enhanced cellular uptake observed via confocal microscopy. In Huh-7 cells, PG20-VES@LEN-SLNs and Tween80@LEN-SLNs reduced the IC50 of lenvatinib from 189.21 μM (free LEN) to 18.04 μM and 18.41 μM, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PG20-VES@LEN-SLNs effectively improved LEN's therapeutic index through sustained release, enhanced tumor cell targeting, and synergistic cytotoxicity. This study highlights PG20-VES as a multifunctional surfactant for advanced HCC nanotherapy, offering a promising strategy to overcome clinical limitations of LEN.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucilage-Based Nanocarriers for Targeted Cancer Therapy-Design, Functionalization, and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Ahmed Muthoni, Ayabei Anyango, Hassan V Wanjala","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2542467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2542467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a comprehensive evaluation of mucilage-based nanocarriers as emerging platforms for targeted cancer therapy, focusing on their design, functionalization, and therapeutic potential.Significance: Mucilage, a plant-derived biopolymer composed of natural polysaccharides, possesses inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique physicochemical characteristics such as high-water retention, gel-forming ability, and stimuli-responsiveness. These properties position mucilage as an ideal material for controlled drug delivery in oncology, offering potential improvements over conventional nanocarriers. However, despite these advantages, the application of mucilage in nanocarrier design remains underexplored, with limited consolidation of existing knowledge and comparative performance data-representing a significant research gap in the field of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesizes current advances in the fabrication and functionalization of mucilage-based nanocarriers using techniques such as emulsion solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, and green synthesis. It also examines surface modifications, including ligand conjugation and pH-sensitive linker integration, aimed at enhancing tumor-targeted delivery and intracellular drug release.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preclinical studies demonstrate that mucilage-based nanocarriers enable efficient encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, improve solubility and pharmacokinetic profiles, and promote targeted drug accumulation at tumor sites. These systems show prolonged circulation times and reduced systemic toxicity compared to traditional nanocarriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights the novelty of mucilage-based systems as a sustainable and multifunctional nanoplatform for cancer therapy. While demonstrating clear therapeutic potential, these systems face challenges including variability in mucilage composition, scalability of production, long-term stability, and regulatory standardization. Future efforts should focus on developing standardized extraction methods, predictive design models, and fostering multidisciplinary collaborations to fully realize the clinical potential of these systems in precision oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of curcumin (CUR) loaded BSA nanoparticles for <i>in-vitro</i> photodynamic therapy on MCF-7 cell line.","authors":"Hooriyeh Ranjbaran, Sayed Ali Maboudi, Seyed Mohammad Moshtaghioun, Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2542474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2542474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Curcumin (CUR) is a natural phenolic compound with potent anticancer properties and potential as a photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, its clinical application is limited by poor solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid degradation. To address these challenges, this study introduces curcumin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CUR-BSA NPs) as a pH-responsive drug delivery system for enhanced PDT in breast cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CUR-BSA NPs were synthesized using the desolvation method and characterized by using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nanoparticlesr with size (∼170 nm), zeta potential (-36 ± 2.7 mV), and encapsulation efficiency (47.5%), demonstrated pH-responsive drug release, with higher curcumin release under acidic conditions, mimicking the tumor microenvironment. <i>In-vitro</i> cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 breast cancer cells revealed that CUR-BSA NPs, in combination with blue light irradiation (420 nm, 30 J/cm²), significantly reduced cell viability to 69% after 48 hours, while CUR-BSA NPs show lower cytotoxicity (45% vs 68%) in the absence of photodynamic therapy. TUNEL assay confirmed apoptosis in 52.4% of treated cells, compared to 4.6% in the control group. Furthermore, CUR-BSA NPs displayed excellent biocompatibility in the absence of light exposure, reducing systemic toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings establish CUR-BSA NPs as a promising nanoplatform for PDT, providing enhanced drug delivery, tumor-targeted release, and improved therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of Engineered Exosomes in Clinical Applications: A Review.","authors":"Yuxuan Li, Deran Meng, Yishuai Cheng, Yanhao Sun, Yihong Dong, Juanyi Shi, Guoqiang Wan, Chao Deng","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2541789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2541789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis review addresses the challenges in the clinical application of exosomes and explores how engineered exosomes enhance targeting, stability, and therapeutic efficacy through surface modification and advanced drug-loading techniques.SignificanceExosomes, with their exhibit biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, serve as natural nanocarriers. However, limitations such as suboptimal targeting and inconsistent therapeutic effects hinder their clinical translation. Engineered exosomes, leveraging physical, chemical, and peptide-based modification strategies, offer novel solutions to these bottlenecks, paving the way for optimized drug delivery and disease treatment.Key FindingsEngineered exosomes demonstrate superior targeting precision and stability compared to conventional exosomes. Innovative drug-loading technologies significantly improve delivery efficiency and safety. Through targeted delivery and synergistic actions, engineered exosomes enhance treatment outcomes for various diseases. Notwithstanding these advancements, challenges persist in standardizing production processes and evaluating long-term biosafety.ConclusionEngineered exosomes overcome the intrinsic limitations of conventional exosomes through targeted modifications and innovative loading approaches, holding substantial promise for clinical drug delivery. While issues of standardization and safety require resolution, their transformative potential in disease therapy warrants continued research and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying alpha arbutin and niacinamide from nanocosmeceutical formulation matrix: AQbD driven high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method.","authors":"Mrunali Patel, Vishwa Kotak, Rashmin Patel","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2539798","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2539798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The combined therapy of alpha arbutin, a natural derivative of hydroquinone, and niacinamide is well-regarded in skincare science. It leverages the unique properties of both actives, providing a multifaceted solution to esthetic and therapeutic skin concerns and supporting a comprehensive approach to skincare.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a robust HPTLC method to determine alpha arbutin and niacinamide in a nanocosmeceutical using a comprehensive approach that includes risk assessment and Analytical Quality by Design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The critical method parameters influencing the HPTLC results were screened using a Plackett-Burman screening design, followed by optimization using a central composite optimization design and validation of the optimized method as per ICHQ2(R2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A novel HPTLC utilized pre-coated aluminum-backed HPTLC plates of Silica gel G 60 F₂₅₄ using 10 µL/band injection volume, and the plate was developed using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of ethyl acetate: methanol: water (8.4:0.8:0.8v/v/v) in a twin trough chamber pre-saturated for 30 mins with vapors of 10 mL of mobile phase. The separated components were detected at a wavelength of 273 nm. The developed HPTLC method resulted in a retardation factor of 0.31 ± 0.02 for alpha arbutin and 0.42 ± 0.02 for niacinamide, respectively. Validation results revealed the HPTLC method's specificity (peak purity ≥ 0.999), linearity (over a studied concentration range of 200-800 ng/band for alpha arbutin and 400-1600 ng/band for niacinamide), sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and robustness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed robust HPTLC method was successfully implemented for the sustainable testing of the alpha arbutin and niacinamide in the nanocosmeceutical formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naringenin-loaded, tween 80-coated chitosan nanoparticles: a promising therapeutic for streptozotocin induced cognitive deficit in mice.","authors":"Monu Yadav, Jyoti Dagar, Mini Dahiya, Shilpi Chauhan, Deepak Lamba, Sudha Bansal, Shrestha Sharma","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2537295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2537295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to formulate naringenin nanoparticles (NNPs) with chitosan polymer and investigate their protective effect against cognitive deficit induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in swiss albino mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The interactions of naringenin with the possible targets involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficit were predicted using AutoDock vina and predicted its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties with SwissADME and ProTox-II web servers. NNPs were formulated with chitosan using the ionotropic gelation method and coated with tween 80. The cognition functions of NNPs were evaluated by Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Novel Objective Recognition test (NORT) in STZ-induced cognitive deficit in mice at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg equivalent to pure drug, i.p. The effect of NNPs on various antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mitochondrial complexes (1-4)) in cortex and hippocampus region of the brain was also estimated by biochemical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In silico</i> study revealed better binding interactions as well as good binding affinity of naringenin with all the studied targets compared to rivastigmine. The formulated coated NNPs displayed good drug entrapment efficiency (75.412%) and a good <i>in vitro</i> release that followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R² = 0.962). Furthermore, <i>in-vivo</i> studies displayed a learning and memory-enhancing effect of NNPs in EPM and NORT models compared to naringenin alone. A significant increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes revealed that the protective effects of naringenin nanoformulation might be mediated by its potent antioxidant and mitochondrial restoring properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, these studies suggested that the nanoformulation of naringenin is worthwhile for the management of cognitive improvement and other neurological problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of anti-tumor active components and preparation of self-assembled polymeric micelles in <i>taxus chinensis</i> seeds.","authors":"Qilong Wang, Xiaowen Wang, Xia Jiang, Qinyang Hua, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Mingjie Gong, Tingyuan Li, Jiaying Li, Elmurat Toreniyazov, Jollibekov Berdiyar, Xia Cao, Jiangnan Yu, Ximing Xu","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2535508","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2535508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Seeds of <i>Taxus chinensis</i> contain effective anti-tumor substances. In this study, the main anti-tumor active compound was screened from <i>Taxus chinensis</i> seeds, which was combined with TPGS and mPEG-PCL to make micelles, improve its solubility and anti-tumor activity, and reduce the toxic side effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Organic solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and other separation and purification techniques were used, combined with MTT method, to screen out the anti-tumor active fraction F5 (BE) from the ethanol extract of <i>Taxus chinensis</i> seeds, and then the main compound of BE, 20-hydroxyecdyone (20-HE), was obtained. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish the <i>in vitro</i> analysis of BE and 20-HE. Afterward, BE micelle (BE-M) system was constructed <i>via</i> solvent injection combined with TPGS and mPEG-PCL and optimized using the single-factor screening experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BE-M were spherical micelles with particle size (34.37 ± 0.11) nm and polydispersity index (PDI) 0.152 ± 0. 003, possessing a high encapsulation rate (86.53 ± 1.54) % and drug loading (21.63 ± 0.87) %. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was very low at 0.881 μg/mL, indicating that BE-M has good stability. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR) showed that BE had been successfully encapsulated in BE-M.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of MTT assay showed that the IC₅₀ values of BE-M against HepG2, A549 and U251 were lower than those of BE. This observation indicates that BE-M significantly improved the <i>in vitro</i> anti-tumor effect of BE.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Microneedle-Based Wearable Sensors: A New Frontier in Real-Time Biomarker Monitoring\".","authors":"Sanket N Patil, Swapnil N Jain, Sakshi N Patil, Yogesh V Bhise","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2529437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2529437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the mechanisms, applications, and future potential of microneedle-based wearable sensors for continuous, minimally invasive monitoring of biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF), highlighting their role in revolutionizing healthcare diagnostics and personalized medicine.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Microneedle-based sensors offer a groundbreaking alternative to conventional invasive techniques by enabling real-time monitoring of critical biomarkers such as glucose, lactate, electrolytes, pH, and oxygen. Their ability to access ISF-biochemically similar to blood-allows for accurate physiological assessment without the need for blood draws, thereby improving patient compliance and enabling broader clinical and non-clinical applications.This review synthesizes findings from recent studies on the design, sensing mechanisms (enzymatic, electrochemical, and potentiometric), and fabrication technologies of microneedle-based sensors. It evaluates current research trends, clinical trials, and advances in materials science aimed at overcoming existing limitations in sensor stability, manufacturing scalability, and cost.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microneedle-based sensors have demonstrated promising results in applications including diabetes management, athletic performance monitoring, and assessment of metabolic and hydration status. Innovations in biocompatible materials and sensor integration have improved precision and functionality. However, issues related to sensor longevity, calibration accuracy, and environmental robustness remain under active investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Microneedle-based wearable sensors represent a transformative approach in continuous health monitoring, offering significant benefits in non-invasive diagnostics and personalized medicine. Ongoing research and development efforts are expected to address current challenges, paving the way for wider clinical adoption and integration into routine healthcare practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimycobacterial and autophagic activity of nebulized delamanid microemulsion targeting alveolar macrophage.","authors":"Himanshu Paliwal, Krittawan Tongkanarak, Nattanit Aekwattanaphol, Teerapol Srichana","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2532762","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2532762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aerosol delivery of the novel anti-tubercular drug delamanid for pulmonary targeting holds promise for the effective treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Here, we developed a microemulsion formulation of delamanid for nebulization, evaluating its potential bioactivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, we attempted to develop microemulsion formulations loaded delamanid for nebulization and their physicochemical characteristics were assessed. The formulation was checked for aerosol characteristics, cytotoxic potential, <i>in vitro</i> antimycobacterial activity, and autophagy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized formulations, nebulized into a next-generation impactor, exhibited a fine particle fraction of 63.12%, ensuring efficient <i>in vitro</i> deposition. <i>In vitro</i> evaluations revealed that formulation did not demonstrate any cytotoxic potential on respiratory cell lines up to 2.5 µg/mL and lack of inflammatory cytokines production and nitric oxide from macrophage NR8383 cells, signified its safety. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that the elimination of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> by formulation after day 4, with considerably low minimum bactericidal concentration. The formulation demonstrated adequate macrophage autophagic activity when evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blot.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consequently, the aerosolized microemulsion of delamanid for pulmonary delivery may serve as an effective therapy for MDR-TB, necessitating further <i>in vivo</i> studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into molecular targets and nanotherapeutics for diabetic wound healing.","authors":"Shivani Saraf, Poornima Agrawal, Laxmikant Gautam, Priyanka Kumari","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2531408","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2531408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article reviewed the recent research findings of diabetic wound healing including molecular targets, signaling pathways, and nanotherapeutics for diabetic wound healing.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The prevalence of diabetes (DI) is rising daily throughout the world, and one of the main issues for diabetic patients is poor wound healing. Therefore, new molecular target identification and advanced drug delivery systems development are necessary for the effective treatment of diabetic wounds.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this review, we briefly discussed the different molecular targets for selective drug delivery to the diabetic wound. This review also elaborated on the recent nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the healing of diabetic wounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diabetic wound healing (DIWH) process follows the partial or uncoordinated route and delays the acute and chronic wound healing. Therefore, various molecular targets have been explored for the treatment of DIWH such as growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, immunomodulators, chemokines, and epigenetic regulators. Several signaling pathways were also investigated as a molecular target for diabetic wound healing like STAT3 pathway, HIF-1 signaling, AMPK signaling, Akt/mTOR pathway, and Notch signaling. Advanced drug delivery systems such as nanofibers, nanoparticulate systems, nanogels, and gene therapy showed promising results in diabetic wound healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review summarized the pathogenesis, challenges, molecular targets, conventional therapy, and nanotherapeutics for DIWH. Development in the area of new molecular targets and molecular targeting approaches using nanotechnology offer a promising treatment option for diabetic wounds. Further clinical studies are still needed to prove the potential of nanotherapeutics for diabetic wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}