Somayeh Vandghanooni, Mehdi Jaymand, Morteza Eskandani
{"title":"The use of nanomedicines in the healthcare systems: a policy brief.","authors":"Somayeh Vandghanooni, Mehdi Jaymand, Morteza Eskandani","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2489594","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2489594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine and, therefore, a potentially transformative approach to healthcare. This new and interdisciplinary field has three main applications in diagnostics, controlled/targeted drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. Nanomedicine has great potential to change human health by advancing diagnosis, prevention and treatment for a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders. Despite the overwhelming potential, there are some issues impeding the complete integration of nanomedicines into healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This policy brief addresses such critical issues to inform and guide decision-making on effectively deploying nanomedicine to improve patient outcomes and advance important public health initiatives. In addition, some prospects were also presented for the future. It discusses the current barriers to their wide application, particularly regarding regulatory hurdles and the production of robust clinical evidence.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>These brand-new nanosystems have some serious drawbacks in regard to safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance, not to mention public acceptance. Nanomaterials can be so complex that their manufacturing processes become complex, which may potentially bring into question long-term effects on human health and the environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This policy brief identifies key considerations for policymakers and stakeholders, highlighting the requirement for integration among researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies. To facilitate the safe and successful integration of nanomedicines into patient care, continued collaboration are imperative. Priority in the future should be given to developing comprehensive regulatory frameworks, raising public awareness, and promoting interdisciplinary research to resolve existing challenges and unlock the potential of nanomedicines in the healthcare sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"523-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitalben S Parmar, Dimal A Shah, Usmangani K Chhalotiya
{"title":"Stability indicating HPTLC - densitometric method for estimation of vonoprazan fumarate.","authors":"Mitalben S Parmar, Dimal A Shah, Usmangani K Chhalotiya","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2492192","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2492192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>High performance thin layer chromatography method was developed and validated for analysis of vonoprazan fumarate. An Alkaline forced degradation kinetic study was performed to find out probable rate of degradation of vonoprazan fumarate.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Aluminum packed TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F 254 were used as stationary phase and Methanol: Toluene: triethylamine (6: 4: 0.1 v/v/v) was used as mobile phase. The detection was carried out at 267 nm wavelength as absorbance mode. HPTLC/MS analysis study was performed to detect alkaline degradant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A compact band (R<sub>f</sub> value of 0.43 ± 0.1) was obtained for vonoprazan fumarate. Regression analysis shows a good linear relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9996) between peak area and concentration in the range 200-1200 ng/band. The accuracy determined by standard addition method for vonoprazan fumarate and percentage recovery was found to be 99.72% - 101.74%. Forced degradation stability study was performed under different stress conditions including hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal and photolytic. Degradation was observed under alkaline condition and it was found to follow first order degradation kinetic. The possible structure of base degradants was also determined using HPTLC-MS analysis. The method was successfully applied for the estimation of drug in synthetic mixture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A New, Simple, precise and accurate method has been developed and validated for the quantification of vonoprazan fumarate. Forced degradation studies were performed. The method can be used for quality control and stability sample evaluation of vonoprazan fumarate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"546-554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shafiul Haque, Saba Siddiqui, Abdullah Mashraqi, Raju K Mandal, Mohd Wahid, Faraz Ahmad, Bushra Fatima
{"title":"Green synthesis and biomedical potential of l-ascorbic acid-stabilized copper sulfide nanoparticles as antibacterial and antioxidant agents.","authors":"Shafiul Haque, Saba Siddiqui, Abdullah Mashraqi, Raju K Mandal, Mohd Wahid, Faraz Ahmad, Bushra Fatima","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2487939","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2487939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inorganic metal nanoformulations are potential therapeutic agents for a variety of biomedical applications, particularly as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The main objective of this study was to synthesize copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) and evaluate their efficiency as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CuS NPs were prepared in a single step process using l-ascorbic acid as the stabilizing agent. Systematic structural and morphological characterization was performed using standard techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, agar well disk-diffusion method was applied for determination of the antibacterial sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CuS NPs against multiple pathogenic bacterial strains. Their antioxidant potential was evaluated as total reduction capability, and nitric oxide (NO) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities at multiple doses, with l-ascorbate as the reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated amorphous nature of the CuS NPs with the size range of 8.17-9.63 nm. FT-IR confirmed presence of several bioactive functional groups required for the reduction of copper ions. Additionally, CuS NPs showed robust antibacterial activities against bacterial species such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in the agar well diffusion assays, with zone of inhibition values ranging between 21 and 23 mm. CuS NPs also showed potent dose-dependent antioxidant activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CuS NPs prepared in this study in a cost- and time-efficient manner have excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties with the potential to be used for different biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"577-586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Akhtar, Aqeedat Javed, Abeer Tariq, Rashna Mirza, Ahmad Abdur Rahman, Hamid Khan, Ahmad Khan
{"title":"Mirtazapine Loaded NLCs‑Based Hydrogel for Topical Delivery in Pruritus: Statistical Optimization, <i>In vitro</i> and Skin Irritation Evaluation.","authors":"Muhammad Akhtar, Aqeedat Javed, Abeer Tariq, Rashna Mirza, Ahmad Abdur Rahman, Hamid Khan, Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2495846","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2495846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic mirtazapine (MRT) delivery for the treatment of pruritus exhibits severe side effects which needs to be addressed. For this purpose, topical nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing MRT were developed to minimize side effects and enhance therapeutic efficacy. The microemulsion method was utilized for the preparation of MRT loaded NLCs and the final optimized formulation was loaded in the gel for effective topical application. The formulation was optimized in terms of particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), and percentage entrapment efficiency (% EE) by keeping in view the quantity of drug, tween 80 and lipids ratio. Optimized nano formulation exhibited the PS of 186.3 ± 1.2 nm, with 0.217 ± 0.03 PDI, ZP of -26.0 ± 0.2 mV and %EE of 86.3 ± 0.3%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis confirmed the compatibility of components of nano formulation and encapsulation of drug inside lipid matrix, respectively. Further, the gel-based optimized MRT-loaded NLCs dispersion was analyzed for rheology and textural characterization. The prepared hydrogel (MRT-loaded NLCs gel) had a transparent appearance, non-gritty texture, pH, and spreadability of 322.33 ± 0.25%, respectively. MRT loaded NLCs gel exhibited a drug release of 81% in 24 h and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model. <i>Ex vivo</i> skin permeation depicted only 6.20 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> drug permeation across the skin after 24 h. Skin irritation study showed no signs of erythema and edema in nano formulation-treated group. MRT-loaded NLCs gel was formulated successfully and may be used as a promising vehicle for topical delivery of pruritus.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"634-646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and optimization of venlafaxine niosomes loaded thermosensitive <i>in-situ</i> gel for prolonging intranasal residence in depressive disorder.","authors":"Purushottam Gangane, Mandar Thool, Sachin More, Amol Warokar, Kishor Salunkhe, Pankaj Dangre","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2492193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2492193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Venlafaxine (VLF) is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of depressive disorder. The oral bioavailability of VLF is low. Therefore, the present study emphasized the development of niosomes formulation for solubility and permeation improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The niosome-VLF was formulated using a thin film hydration technique employing different molar ratios of Span 40 and cholesterol. The optimization of niosomes was performed using the Box-Behnken screening model, which employs numerical optimization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized niosmoes-VLF showed Particle size: 264.2 ± 2.2 nm; Zeta potential: 49.2 ± 1.3 mV; Polydispersity Index: 0.265 ± 0.15; Entrapment efficiency: 70.25 ± 1.5%. The niosome-VLF (OF) was incorporated into the thermosensitive <i>in situ</i> gel (TISG). The niosome-VLF TISG (OF-A) showed gelling temperature: 37 ± 0.5 °C; gelling time: 23 ± 2.2 s; viscosity: 4526 ± 142 cps; mucoadhesive strength: 3589 ± 65 dyne/cm<sup>2</sup>, drug content: 88 ± 5.4%. The <i>in-vivo</i> pharmacokinetic study revealed a higher concentration of VLF in developed niosome-VLF TISG (OF-A) formulation than VLF suspension. The higher and sustained concentration of VLF in brain and plasma suggested a better therapeutic approach to counteract a chronic depressive disorder. Further, the accelerated stability studies of niosome-VLF TISG (OF-A) indicated good physical and chemical attributes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intranasal niosome-VLF TISG (OF-A) can be sorted as an alternative approach for targeting the brain for the effective management of CNS conditions like depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"587-596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neama Ibrahim, Sarah Yahia, Rabab M El-Sherif, Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
{"title":"Augmented anticancer efficacy of <i>Ailanthus Excelsa</i>-loaded lipidic nanocarriers for breast cancer treatment: <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> evaluation.","authors":"Neama Ibrahim, Sarah Yahia, Rabab M El-Sherif, Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2509869","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2509869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most lethal forms of cancer that impacts women worldwide is breast cancer (BC). The treatment results are influenced by multiple factors, such as the phase of diagnosis, hereditary and hormonal influences, medication resistance, and metastases. <i>Ailanthus Excelsa</i> (AE) crude extract is rich in antioxidants and possesses potent anticancer properties, as demonstrated in tests on MCF-7 cells. Additionally, both lavender oil (LO) and tea tree oil (TTO) have potential cytotoxicity against cancer.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to boost the potency and solubility of AE against breast cancer <i>via</i> its loading in lipidic nanocarriers (LNPs) whose structure is based on a mixture of LO and TTO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The particle size, stability, and zeta potential of AE-loaded LNPs were examined over 6 months, and the measurements confirmed the good stability of the newly developed AE-LNPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AE-LNPs have demonstrated a stronger anticancer impact compared to free AE and plain LNPs, where IC<sub>50</sub> values were found to be 36.88 ± 3.09, 22.09 ± 2.13, and 7.49 ± 0.67 µg/ml for plain NPs, free AE, and AE-LNPs, respectively. Furthermore, the AE-LNPs exhibited more pronounced anticancer effects in the Ehrlich ascites <i>in-vivo</i> tumor model, accompanied by significant antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. The immunohistochemical analysis of BCL-2 in tumor tissue validated the apoptotic activity of AE-LNPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to examine the formulation of the newly developed AE-loaded LNPs, demonstrating their efficacy in producing anti-proliferative effects and their considerable promise for BC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naitik Jain, Syed Shahrukh, Paras Famta, Saurabh Shah, Ganesh Vambhurkar, Dadi A Srinivasarao, Anamika Sharma, Giriraj Pandey, Suraj Wagh, Swapnil Shinde, Anjesh Khan, Prashanth Kumar, Saurabh Srivastava
{"title":"Combating breast cancer-associated metastasis using paclitaxel and tranilast-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles.","authors":"Naitik Jain, Syed Shahrukh, Paras Famta, Saurabh Shah, Ganesh Vambhurkar, Dadi A Srinivasarao, Anamika Sharma, Giriraj Pandey, Suraj Wagh, Swapnil Shinde, Anjesh Khan, Prashanth Kumar, Saurabh Srivastava","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2509861","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2509861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the current study is to combat breast cancer-associated metastasis using paclitaxel (PTX) and tranilast (TRA)-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This combinatorial therapy uses microtubule stabilizing agent PTX, along with TGFβ inhibitor TRA. TRA may offer an improved therapeutic effect in breast cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inspired by the remarkable anticancer properties of both drugs, they were encapsulated into HSA nanoparticles to enhance tumor site-specific drug accumulation and ensure sustained release over a prolonged period. The HSA nanoparticles were fabricated using the desolvation method and optimized using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with a three-level, two-factor approach. Further, these nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, FTIR, XRD, and particle size. <i>In vitro</i> experiments were conducted using the MDA-MB-231 cell line, employing cell viability, cellular uptake, nuclear staining, scratch assay, and cell cycle analysis.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong><i>In vitro</i> release kinetics reveal sustained PTX and TRA release from HSA nanoparticles. Wound healing assay depicted improved anti-migratory activity of PTX-TRA-NPs (30 nM to 75 µM). Furthermore, the novel combination treatment caused G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, as indicated by cell cycle analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HSA nanoparticles enhance the delivery and accumulation of hydrophobic drugs (PTX and TRA) in breast cancer cells, offering improved therapeutic outcomes. This combinatorial strategy permits further preclinical investigation for synergistic breast cancer management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramakrishna Gummadi, Lakshmi Prasanthi Nori, Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
{"title":"Phenyl boronic acid conjugated lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of gamma-secretase inhibitor to breast cancer cells.","authors":"Ramakrishna Gummadi, Lakshmi Prasanthi Nori, Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2511291","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2511291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The major objective of this study is to develop and evaluate phenyl boronic acid (PBA) conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) (PBA-SUL@SLN) for the targeted delivery of sulindac (SUL) to breast cancer (BC) cells.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Utilizing a dual approach that combines PBA-mediated targeting with Notch-1 pathway inhibition by SUL, the study aims to enhance therapeutic selectivity and efficacy against an aggressive BC subtype, triple negative BC (TNBC), which lacks well-defined molecular targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PBA-SUL@SLN formulation was prepared using emulsification-solvent evaporation method and analyzed for the particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE), and pH sensitive drug release. Cellular uptake studies were conducted to examine selective internalization in TNBC cells. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed by evaluating Notch-1expression modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC) activity, and cytotoxic effects in TNBC cell compared to normal cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PBA-SUL@SLN formulation exhibited an optimal PS of (153.35 nm), a ZP of (22.87 mV), and an EE of 83.06%, with preferential drug release observed in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Increased cellular uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells led to notable downregulation of Notch-1, inhibition of EMT, and potential reduction in CSC activity. Cytotoxicity assays revealed strong and selective efficacy against TNBC cells while causing minimal effects on normal cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PBA-SUL@SLN formulation presents a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for TNBC, addressing key limitations of existing treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing gliclazide solubility using solid dispersions with carboxymethyl chitosan and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as polymeric carriers.","authors":"Berivan Ajeel Ibrahim, Nozad Rashid Hussein, Huner Kamal Omer, Abdelbary Elhissi, Iftikhar Khan","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2506651","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2506651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gliclazide (Glz) is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug, used to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Glz is a class II drug according to the biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS), indicating that it has high permeability and poor aqueous solubility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to improve the solubility of Glz <i>via</i> the solid dispersion method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Solid dispersions of the drug were formulated using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMch) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) in varying drug to carrier ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 w/w) using kneading and solvent evaporation methods. The solubility of Glz solid dispersions was compared with the pure Glz and co-grounded mixtures of the drug.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both carriers exhibited a noticeable increment in solubility and dissolution rate compared to the drug alone. Glz: CMch (1:5 w/w ratio) formulation made by the kneading method exhibited an increased solubility by approximately nine folds (337.79 ± 4.22 µg/ml) as compared to Glz alone (38.74 ± 4.69 µg/ml). However, the greatest improvement in drug dissolution rate was observed in the dispersion made with 1:5 w/w drug to PVP K30 using the solvent evaporation method, and the percentage drug release reached 100% after 30 min. Solid dispersions characterization manifested the compatibility between the drug and carriers, with alteration in particle morphology, and reduction in drug crystallinity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, solid dispersion using CMch has shown to be an excellent approach for enhancing the solubility and dissolution of the class II drug Glz.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daria S Gordeeva, Achraf Sym Tameloucht, Irina I Semina, Rouslan I Moustafine
{"title":"Functionalized liposomes for intranasal levodopa delivery to the brain.","authors":"Daria S Gordeeva, Achraf Sym Tameloucht, Irina I Semina, Rouslan I Moustafine","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2509273","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2509273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study evaluated functionalized liposomes as potential carriers for intranasal delivery of levodopa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lipid film hydration method was used to obtain conventional and functionalized liposomes with polyethylene glycol or maleimide-PEG. The liposome structure was analyzed by dynamic light scattering and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy. Isolated sheep nasal mucosa was used for mucoadhesion and mucous penetration studies. Levodopa release was assessed using a Franz diffusion cell. <i>In vivo</i> experiments were conducted using a method based on the inhibition of dopaminergic transmission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average liposome diameter was 81-91 ± 1 nm. The Pdi was less than 0.300. The zeta potential was negative. An increase in the molar weight of polyethylene glycol in the liposome structure improved mucosa penetration to 0.4 mm. The presence of maleimide did not affect the mucoadhesive properties. The levodopa release profile corresponded to Fickian diffusion. Intranasal administration of levodopa <i>in vivo</i> caused dopaminergic transmission inhibition in rats after 1 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the received results, functionalized liposomes are promising for further evaluation as intranasal drug carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}