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Immiscibility, nucleation and crystal growth in the soda-baria-silica system 钠钡硅体系中的不混相、成核和晶体生长
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9705000200
D. Burnett, R. W. Douglas
{"title":"Immiscibility, nucleation and crystal growth in the soda-baria-silica system","authors":"D. Burnett, R. W. Douglas","doi":"10.1039/DF9705000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9705000200","url":null,"abstract":"The regions of glass formation and liquid-liquid immiscibility have been determined in the soda-baria-silica system. Immiscibility occurs in the high silica corner of the system, and extends over a continuous region from the BaO—SiO2 to the Na2O—SiO2 limiting binaries. In an extensive region close to the glass-forming boundary and including mostly the barium disilicate field, crystallization occurred by homogeneous nucleation to produce a glass ceramic. Some of these compositions also showed metastable immiscibility. Nucleation, growth and coarsening of the crystals were studied; first, a metastable high-temperature polymorph of barium disilicate appears growing as spherulites, but on prolonged heating a lathe-like structure appears.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"54 1","pages":"200-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82169129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Solutions of n-alkanes: volume-related properties and the principle of congruence 正构烷烃的解:体积相关性质和同余原理
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9704900106
A. Cruickshank, C. P. Hicks
{"title":"Solutions of n-alkanes: volume-related properties and the principle of congruence","authors":"A. Cruickshank, C. P. Hicks","doi":"10.1039/DF9704900106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9704900106","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship of the simple segment theory to the Orwoll-Flory theory is examined; this suggests a restatement of the principle of congruence as five postulates. These are tested in turn against the molar volume, thermal expansivity and isothermal compressibility measurements of Diaz Pena and Benitez de Soto on the system n-hexane + n-hexadecane, using the methods of Patterson and Bardin. The molar volume data are analyzed also by a method based on the principle of corresponding states, which includes direct comparison of each solution with a reference n-alkane. The Patterson-Bardin analyses accord with the analyses of the molar volumes, with reservations because of an inconsistency in the thermal expansivity results. The solutions appear to follow the same reduced equation of state as do the n-alkanes, but their equivalent substances depart significantly from the locus of reducing parameters defined by the n-alkanes. The implications of this departure are discussed.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"106 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87912095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Infra-red and Raman spectra of glasses. Part 2.—Far infra-red spectrum of vitreous silica in the range 100–15 cm–1 玻璃的红外和拉曼光谱。第2部分。-玻璃二氧化硅在100-15 cm-1范围内的远红外光谱
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9705000094
P. Wong, E. Whalley
{"title":"Infra-red and Raman spectra of glasses. Part 2.—Far infra-red spectrum of vitreous silica in the range 100–15 cm–1","authors":"P. Wong, E. Whalley","doi":"10.1039/DF9705000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9705000094","url":null,"abstract":"The infra-red absorptivity of vitreous silica has been investigated in the region 100–15 cm–1 at 300 and 100 K. Above 18 cm–1 the absorptivity is independent of temperature and is undoubtedly caused by fundamental vibrations. A theory suggests that the absorptivity divided by the frequency squared should be more closely related to the density of vibrational states than should the direct spectrum. There is a maximum in this function at about 38 cm–1 which is due to the vibrations that can be considered as derived from the transverse acoustic maximum of cristobalite when it is vitrified. There is no evidence of fine structure in the infra-red spectrum, and it seems likely that the greatly increased heat capacity of vitreous silica at low temperatures over that of cristobalite is partly caused by the broadening of the transverse acoustic maximum.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"221 1","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75898247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Light scattering spectra and dynamic properties of macromolecular solutions 大分子溶液的光散射光谱和动力学性质
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9704900222
R. Pecora
{"title":"Light scattering spectra and dynamic properties of macromolecular solutions","authors":"R. Pecora","doi":"10.1039/DF9704900222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9704900222","url":null,"abstract":"A brief account of the applications of light scattering spectroscopy to the study of the dynamic properties of dilute macromolecular solutions is presented. In experiments of this type, light is scattered by thermal fluctuations of the molecules in solution about equilibrium. When the circumstances permit, light scattering may be used to study translational diffusion, rotational diffusion, intramolecular structural relaxation processes, and chemical reaction rate constants of macromolecules in dilute solution.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"222-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78674712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Low frequency molecular modes in liquid hydrocarbons 液态碳氢化合物的低频分子模式
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9704900193
P. A. Egelstaff, D. Harris
{"title":"Low frequency molecular modes in liquid hydrocarbons","authors":"P. A. Egelstaff, D. Harris","doi":"10.1039/DF9704900193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9704900193","url":null,"abstract":"The spectral distribution of slow neutrons scattered at low angles by straight chain hydrocarbon liquids has been measured. For pentane, measurements were made at six different points in PVT space, and the data analyzed by comparison with various models. Properties studied include the diffusion coefficient, the activation energy for diffusion, the time for a diffusive step, the size of a proton's thermal cloud and the spectral density for low frequency (∼1012 Hz) modes of motion. The diffusion data agree well with those obtained by other techniques but the magnitude of the diffusive step time is not well determined for these liquids. A pronounced peak in the low frequency region of the spectral density function has been discovered, and may be associated with short time local bonding between molecules.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"64 1","pages":"193-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80340832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Introductory. Structure and properties of simple liquids and solutions: a review 入门。简单液体和溶液的结构和性质综述
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9704900030
J. Rowlinson
{"title":"Introductory. Structure and properties of simple liquids and solutions: a review","authors":"J. Rowlinson","doi":"10.1039/DF9704900030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9704900030","url":null,"abstract":"The structure of a simple liquid is determined primarily by the repulsive forces between the molecules. The effects of the attractive forces can be found by perturbation treatments, of which that of van der Waals is the prototype, and that of Barker and Henderson the most recent. The repulsive forces are equally important in determining the structures of mixtures of spherical molecules of different sizes—structures which are quite different from those found in the unmixed liquids. Recent Monte Carlo calculations by Singer can be used as a standard by which theories of mixtures can be judged, and it is shown that the only adequate theories are those which do justice to this difference in structures. It is suggested that the shape of molecules is often of less importance than their size in determining the free energy, and hence that theories of solutions of n-alkanes or of linear polymers do not, in their results, differ greatly from those of mixtures of spherical molecules of different sizes.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"37 2","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72745298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Investigation of liquid-liquid phase transitions in oxide melts by viscosity measurements 用粘度测量法研究氧化物熔体液-液相变
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9705000155
J. Simmons, P. B. Macedo, A. Napolitano, W. Haller
{"title":"Investigation of liquid-liquid phase transitions in oxide melts by viscosity measurements","authors":"J. Simmons, P. B. Macedo, A. Napolitano, W. Haller","doi":"10.1039/DF9705000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9705000155","url":null,"abstract":"Results from viscosity measurements conducted both above and below the liquid-liquid phase transition of a series of molten oxide glasses are reported in order to analyze the effect of supercritical composition fluctuations on viscous flow, and to investigate the mechanisms of phase separation. Measurements of four oxide mixtures with similar high temperature structures and widely different critical temperatures, revealed an anomalous increase in viscosity at temperatures above the critical point. The anomalous increase occurs when large composition fluctuations characterizing the critical point are present. The effect is explained in terms of an interaction between viscous flow and the supercritical fluctuations through the structural relaxation process. An analysis of this interaction is presented.Measurements conducted at temperatures slightly below the critical point of one of these glasses indicate that the microstructure resulting from the phase separation is highly sensitive to the preceding heat-treatment. Phase separation by the formation of isolated spheres of the silica-rich component is identified a few degrees below the critical point. Further measurements of viscosity by a fibre elongation method, conducted far below the critical temperature, are reported in order to analyze the growth mechanisms occurring in the separated phases. In this case, the rearrangement stage of phase separation is characterized by a growing interconnected structure.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90640182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Effect of carrier-carrier interactions on some transport properties in disordered semiconductors 载流子-载流子相互作用对无序半导体中某些输运性质的影响
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9705000013
M. Pollak
{"title":"Effect of carrier-carrier interactions on some transport properties in disordered semiconductors","authors":"M. Pollak","doi":"10.1039/DF9705000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9705000013","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between electrons are likely to play an important role in certain transport properties of disordered semiconductors, particularly where these properties depend on electrons in localized states. A working classification of these interactions into intra-site interactions, inter-site interactions and polarization, is made. The first class is believed to affect primarily the transport properties o carriers around the mobility gap, by introducing two-electron wave functions into this region. The second class can introduce an activation energy into the d.c. hopping conductivity at very low temperatures, affect the thermo-electric power, and increase noticeably the a.c. hopping conductivity above a certain frequency. The third class may reduce the activation energy of the d.c. conductivity; a reduction to zero is theoretically possible. Instances where some of the above effects may have been observed are cited.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"71 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86315673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 183
Raman scattering and far infra-red absorption in neutron compacted silica 中子压实二氧化硅的拉曼散射和远红外吸收
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9705000103
R. Stolen, J. T. Krause, C. Kurkjian
{"title":"Raman scattering and far infra-red absorption in neutron compacted silica","authors":"R. Stolen, J. T. Krause, C. Kurkjian","doi":"10.1039/DF9705000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9705000103","url":null,"abstract":"In vitreous silica, which has been compacted by irradiation with fast neutrons, the ultrasonic absorption, the excess heat capacity and the magnitude of the negative coefficient of thermal expansion decrease. In this work we report measurements of the far infra-red absorption and Raman scattering in such neutron compacted silica. These results are correlated with new measurements of ultrasonic absorption and thermal expansion in the same material. The results are consistent with an interpretation based on a decrease in the number of low-frequency modes.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"61 1","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84570245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 90
Phase-separated systems 经过系统
Discussions of The Faraday Society Pub Date : 1970-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/DF9705000122
J. Zarzycki
{"title":"Phase-separated systems","authors":"J. Zarzycki","doi":"10.1039/DF9705000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/DF9705000122","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of immiscibility in glasses is reviewed. After defining the sub-liquidus immiscibility and considering the stability regions within a miscibility gap, the dynamics of initial clustering are discussed. The distinction between nucleation and growth, spinodal decomposition and coarsening processes is emphasized. Experimental studies of phase separation corresponding to the above mechanisms are presented and, in particular, the possibility of verifying Cahn's theory is discussed. New results from the supercritical region enable the initial condition after quench to be assessed. Finally, the influence of demixing on crystallization is examined and the possibility of thermodynamical blocking of a stable phase indicated.","PeriodicalId":11262,"journal":{"name":"Discussions of The Faraday Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"122-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84574738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
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