Deutsches Arzteblatt international最新文献_第3页

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0077

Esther von Stebut, Oliver Brandt, Andreas Montag

{"title":"Features of Skin of Color.","authors":"Esther von Stebut, Oliver Brandt, Andreas Montag","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0077","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physicians need the appropriate experience to be able to diagnose skin diseases reliably in patients with skin of color.Methods: This narrative review is based on scientific articles and book chapters about skin of color and comparative studies across skin pigmentation types or ethnic groups that were retrieved by a selective search. Publications up to 2026 were included.Results: Skin of color differs from the lighter skin type that is most common in northern Europe in melanin structure, content, and distribution and in other anatomical respects. Two main aspects require attention in dermatology; the distinction of malignancy from physiological types of hyperpigmentation, and the recognition and treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Basal cell carcinoma appears to be the most common type of tumor affecting darkly pigmented as well as lighter skin types; squamous-cell carcinoma is more frequent in darker than in lighter skin. Malignant melanoma is reportedly ca. 33 times less common in persons with darker skin, but often in a more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Inflammatory skin diseases present differently on darker compared to lighter skin, as erythema is often barely recognizable or invisible. Sequelae such as post-inflammatory hyper-and hypopigmentation, marked scarring, and keloids are often very disturbing for those affected.Conclusion: There have only been a few studies to date on patients with skin of color. Dermatological study findings must be evaluated in an inclusive manner. People with skin of color should also be screened for skin cancer and should protect themselves against the effects of ultraviolet light.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":"123 17","pages":"479-486"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13567733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deaths During a Heat Wave. 热浪造成的死亡

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0142

Christoph Hüser, Christoph Adler, Marco Strohm, Alexander Lechleuthner, Christian Miller

引用次数: 0

Stab Injuries Due to Violent Crime: An Analysis of Data on Severely Injured Persons From the DGU Trauma Registry, 2013-2024. 暴力犯罪导致的刺伤：2013-2024年DGU创伤登记处重伤人员数据分析。

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0079

Philipp Störmann, Uwe Schweigkofler, Rolf Lefering, Sebastian Imach, Dan Bieler

{"title":"Stab Injuries Due to Violent Crime: An Analysis of Data on Severely Injured Persons From the DGU Trauma Registry, 2013-2024.","authors":"Philipp Störmann, Uwe Schweigkofler, Rolf Lefering, Sebastian Imach, Dan Bieler","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0079","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0079","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recent years have seen an increase in reported violent crime involving knives. Valid case numbers of severe stabbing injuries have not been available to date, and the poor state of the evidence hinders consideration of the matter not only on the medical level, but on the political level as well. In this study, we provide the first data on the evolution of case numbers of severe injury from knife crime in Germany.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from the trauma registry of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, DGU). Additional data from the Academy of Trauma Surgery (Akademie für Unfallchirurgie, AUC) were used for an analysis of geographic distribution. Patients were included if they sustained a documented severe stab injury that was suspected to be due to a violent crime in the period January 2013 to December 2024. The number of hospitals contributing data remained stable over the study period, with only small fluctuations.Results: 291 752 cases of severe injury were registered, of which 3664 (1.28%) involved stabbing in a suspected violent crime. The lowest number of such cases (212) was in 2013, and the highest (382) in 2023; there were 336 cases in 2024. The mean age of the patients was 34.2 ± 14.3 years; 85.6% were male. Emergency surgery was performed in 72% of cases.Conclusion: The absolute incidence of severe stab injuries of suspected criminal origin (212 to 382 cases per year) is low but on the rise, as is the percentage of such injuries among all severe injuries. Persons who died before reaching a hospital were not included in the data.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":"123 16","pages":"459-463"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13567742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148053283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malnutrition: Low Diagnosis and Treatment Rates in Hospitalized Patients. An Analysis of German Nationwide Health Insurance Data. 营养不良：住院患者的低诊断率和治疗率。德国全民健康保险数据分析。

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0085

Monika Rau, Dominik Obermüller, Paul Ludwig, Hermann Einsele, Heiner Wedemeyer, Andreas Geier, Katharina Luise Hupa-Breier

{"title":"Malnutrition: Low Diagnosis and Treatment Rates in Hospitalized Patients. An Analysis of German Nationwide Health Insurance Data.","authors":"Monika Rau, Dominik Obermüller, Paul Ludwig, Hermann Einsele, Heiner Wedemeyer, Andreas Geier, Katharina Luise Hupa-Breier","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0085","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition carries high morbidity and mortality. Until now, there have been no nationwide data on diagnosis and treatment rates of malnutrition among hospitalized patients in Germany. In this study, nationwide data from health insurance companies are analyzed to assess diagnosis rates, nutritional treatment, and treatment results.Methods: Age- and sex-representative health insurance data (2017–2024) from a German database (InGef) were analyzed to as-certain ICD-coded diagnoses for malnutrition and OPS-coded treatment with enteral and parenteral nutrition. The findings were compared in matched cohorts with and without malnutrition.Results: From 2017 to 2024, the percentage of hospitalized patients with diagnosed malnutrition varied from 1.16% to 1.30%; among these patients, 2.77% to 4.45% received OPS-coded enteral or parenteral nutritional treatment. The common main diagnoses among the patients who received treatment included malignancies, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases. An analysis of cohorts matched by age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index revealed that the malnourished patients had a higher 90-day mortality than the control group (18.2% vs. 7.3%) and a higher rate of rehospitalization within 90 days (44.9% vs. 37.8%). The malnourished patients had higher mean health-care costs.Conclusion: This nationwide analysis reveals low diagnosis rates and limited implementation of nutritional treatment among hospitalized patients in Germany, associated with poorer clinical results and higher costs. These findings underscore the need to introduce structured nutritional screening and care pathways in German hospitals.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":"123 17","pages":"464-468"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13567748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychosocial Pathogenesis Should Be Considered. 应考虑心理致病机制。

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0112

Ingo Spitczok von Brisinski

引用次数: 0

The Precision of Diagnosis and Outpatient Treatment Referral for Developmental Language Disorders in Childhood. 儿童发展性语言障碍的诊断和门诊转诊的准确性。

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.00900

Shabnam Shahpasand, Sarah Koschmieder, Corinna Gietmann, Philipp Mathmann, Lisa Klaar, Larissa Hörner, Denise Siemons-Lühring, Katrin Neumann

引用次数: 0

Knee Osteoarthritis in Otto the Great. 奥托大帝的膝盖骨关节炎。

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0114

Henning Madry

引用次数: 0

Treatment Options for Focal Cartilage Lesions of the Knee. 膝关节局灶性软骨病变的治疗选择。

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0073

Thomas Kappe, Marius Ludwig, Max Angenendt, Tobias Freitag, Heiko Reichel

{"title":"Treatment Options for Focal Cartilage Lesions of the Knee.","authors":"Thomas Kappe, Marius Ludwig, Max Angenendt, Tobias Freitag, Heiko Reichel","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0073","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Focal lesions of knee cartilage are a common reason for consulting an orthopedic surgeon. They may be painful and impair knee joint function. Cartilage lesions can progress to osteoarthritis of the knee.Methods: This narrative review is based on pertinent publications of the last 25 years that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed.Results: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, weight loss, and intra-articular injections are the available options for conservative treatment. The choice of surgical technique is primarily based on the area over which the lesion extends. Surgical treatment options include bone marrow stimulation with or without a matrix, osteochondral transplantation, autologous cartilage cell transplantation, and the minced cartilage technique. Among all these, autologous chondrocyte transplantation has yielded the best results, and its superiority has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. Autologous chondrocytes are cultured in a collagen matrix in vitro and sutured onto the edges of the cartilage lesion. The minced cartilage technique is relatively new, and the evidence, thus far, is limited.Conclusion: The current standard of treatment for knee cartilage lesions with an area of ca. 2 cm2 or more is matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Smaller lesions can be treated with osteochondral transplantation or bone marrow stimulation, possibly combined with a matrix for medium-sized lesions. The minced cartilage technique has high potential and has yielded promising initial results; its wider implementation will need a larger evidence base.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":"123 16","pages":"469-474"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13567731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blue-Tinted Glasses in Photosensitive Epilepsy in Road Traffic: Protection or Risk? 蓝色眼镜对道路交通中光敏性癫痫：保护还是危险？

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0062

Lena Bender, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Wolf Alexander Lagrèze

引用次数: 0

Take Diagnostic Uncertainty Into Account. 考虑诊断的不确定性。

IF 8.7 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2026.0105

Tobias Tenenbaum, Michael Barker

引用次数: 0