Deutsches Arzteblatt international最新文献_第2页

Lung Transplantation—Indications, Follow-Up Care and Long-Term Results. 肺移植-适应症，随访护理和长期结果。

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0232

Sebastian Michel, Christian Schneider, Fabio Ius, Tobias Welte, Jens Gottlieb, Nikolaus Kneidinger

{"title":"Lung Transplantation—Indications, Follow-Up Care and Long-Term Results.","authors":"Sebastian Michel, Christian Schneider, Fabio Ius, Tobias Welte, Jens Gottlieb, Nikolaus Kneidinger","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0232","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lung transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage nonmalignant lung disease. It has become a routine procedure through advances in donor lung preservation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, immunosuppression, intensive care medicine, and follow-up care.Methods: This review is based on publications about lung transplantation that were retrieved by a selective literature search, and on the procedures and experience of two large-volume lung transplantation centers.Results: The mean survival time after lung transplantation is six years, which is the shortest after the transplantation of any solid organ. Chronic graft dysfunction is present in 41% of patients at five years and is the main cause of death after lung transplantation, followed by infection and cancer.Conclusion: Despite all the advances in lung transplantation, acute and-above all-chronic graft dysfunction still pose a major challenge for large-volume transplantation centers. Immunosuppression that is individually tailored to prevent both graft rejection and infection is important for these patients' longterm survival. Xenotransplantation and so-called lung bioengineering may become available in the future as alternatives to allotransplantation.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":" Forthcoming","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Body Mass Index and NT-pro-BNP in High-Risk Cardiac Patients. 高危心脏病患者的身体质量指数与NT-pro-BNP

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0197

Michael Wester, Philipp Hegner, Maria Tafelmeier, Leopold Rupprecht, Christof Schmid, Lars S Maier, Stefan Wagner, Michael Arzt, Simon Lebek

引用次数: 0

Predatory Journals: What Can We Do to Protect Their Prey? 掠夺性期刊：我们能做些什么来保护它们的猎物？

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0263

Christine Laine, Dianne Babski, Vivienne C Bachelet, Till W Bärnighausen, Christopher Baethge, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Frank Frizelle, Laragh Gollogy, Sabine Kleinert, Elizabeth Loder, João Monteiro, Eric J Rubin, Peush Sahni, Christina C Wee, Jin-Hong Yoo, Lilia Zakhama

引用次数: 0

The Genetics of Intelligence. 智力的遗传学。

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0236

André Reis, Frank M Spinath

{"title":"The Genetics of Intelligence.","authors":"André Reis, Frank M Spinath","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0236","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0236","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intelligence is defined as general mental capacity, which includes the abilities to reason, solve new problems, think abstractly, and learn quickly. Genetic factors explain a considerable fraction of inter-individual differences in intelligence. For many years, research on intelligence was limited to estimating the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors, without identifying any individual causal factors.Methods: This review of the literature is based on pertinent original publications and reviews.Results: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that certain gene loci are associated with intelligence, as well as with educational attainment, which is known to be correlated with intelligence. As each individual gene locus accounts for only a very small part of the variance in intelligence ( < 0.02%), so-called \"polygenic scores\" (PGS) have been calculated in which thousands of genetic variants are summarized together. On the basis of the largest GWAS performed to date, it is estimated that 7-15% of inter-individual differences in educational attainment and 7-10% in intelligence among persons of European descent can be explained by genetic factors. These genetic effects are partly indirect. At the same time, the relative importance of genetic factors in determining complex features such as intelligence and educational attainment must always be seen against the background of individual environmental conditions. In the presence of difficult social conditions, for example, the influence of genetic factors is typically lower.Conclusion: At present, the polygenic scores generated from genome-wide association studies are primarily of scientific interest, yet they are becoming increasingly informative and valid for individual prediction. There is, therefore, a need for broad social discussion about their future use.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":" Forthcoming","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Medication Self-Management by the Elderly—A Comparison of Subjective and Objective Indicators from the ABLYMED Study. 老年人用药自我管理评估——ABLYMED研究主客观指标的比较

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0214

Anneke Luegering, Helmut Frohnhofen, Robert Langner, Stefan Wilm, Thorsten R Doeppner, Dirk M Hermann, Joachim Windolf, Janine Gronewold

引用次数: 0

The Management of Chronic Kidney Disease not Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in General Practice. 不需要肾脏替代治疗的慢性肾脏疾病的管理。

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0230

Simone Kiel, Martha Negnal, Sylvia Stracke, Susanne Fleig, Martin K Kuhlmann, Jean-François Chenot

{"title":"The Management of Chronic Kidney Disease not Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in General Practice.","authors":"Simone Kiel, Martha Negnal, Sylvia Stracke, Susanne Fleig, Martin K Kuhlmann, Jean-François Chenot","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0230","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0230","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in the German adult population, with a prevalence of 10%. This guideline, updated on the basis of current scientific evidence, contains recommendations for the management of CKD in general practice.Methods: The updated guideline is based on a review and assessment of source guidelines and systematic reviews concerning individual questions. The recommendations were agreed upon in a moderated two-stage nominal group process by the mandate holders of the participating specialist societies, along with patient representatives.Results: The risk of progression to renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy should be assessed with a risk score. Assessing this risk and determining the indication for treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors both require measurement of the urinary albumin-tocreatinine ratio. Pharmacotherapy is not recommended for asymptomatic hyperuricemia. An initial ultras - onographic examination of the kidneys and urogenital system is now recommended for all patients. The vaccination recommendations that differ for people with CKD have been integrated into the guideline.Conclusion: The risk assessment of CKD and the treatment options have been expanded. The updated guideline can improve primary care for patients with CKD and the selection of patients for interdisciplinary care.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":" Forthcoming","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contacts of Health Care Companies With Guideline Coordinators—A Cross-Sectional Survey.

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0184

Sabine Gehrke-Beck, Karen Krüger, Felix Holzinger, Christoph Heintze, Hendrik Napierala

引用次数: 0

Weaning From Tobacco with Nicotine or Varenicline in Severe and Mild Tobacco Dependence—Findings of a Meta-Analysis. 重度和轻度烟草依赖患者戒除尼古丁或伐尼克兰——一项荟萃分析的结果

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0223

Claudia Selbach, Christian Siebel, Jona Lilienthal, Ulrich Grouven, Marco Knelangen, Sabrina Kastaun, Philip Kranz

{"title":"Weaning From Tobacco with Nicotine or Varenicline in Severe and Mild Tobacco Dependence—Findings of a Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Claudia Selbach, Christian Siebel, Jona Lilienthal, Ulrich Grouven, Marco Knelangen, Sabrina Kastaun, Philip Kranz","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0223","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Systematic reviews have documented the beneficial effects of bupropion, cytisine, nicotine, and varenicline as aids to permanent smoking cessation. We investigated the question whether the effect of treatment depends on the severity of tobacco dependence.Methods: We systematically searched for relevant publications in bibliographic databases and trial registries, made inquiries to manufacturers, and consulted additional sources of information (last search on 1 September 2022). The smokers included in the present study were classified as mildly or severely tobacco-dependent on the basis of their scores on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, with variable cut-off values (FTND score 4, 5, or 6). In this meta-analysis, we determined the results with respect to the endpoint of sustained smoking cessation at 6 and 12 months in each of the two subgroups and investigated the heterogeneity between them.Results: No subgroup analyses that could enable us to answer the question posed in this meta-analysis were available for either bupropion or cytisine. Subgroup analyses were available for varenicline in 12 studies, involving a total of 9723 smokers, and for nicotine in 23, involving 15 003 smokers. No statistically significant heterogeneity (p > 0.05) between mildly and severely tobacco-dependent smokers was found for the effect of either drug on the endpoint sustained smoking cessation (at 6 and 12 months), and this was so independently of the FTND cut-off value that was used.Conclusion: The benefit of varenicline and nicotine as aids to smoking cessation is independent of the severity of tobacco dependence.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":" Forthcoming","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery. 微创青光眼手术。

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0240

Bogomil Voykov, Verena Prokosch, Jan Lübke

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery.","authors":"Bogomil Voykov, Verena Prokosch, Jan Lübke","doi":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0240","DOIUrl":"10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0240","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Approximately 1.4 % of the German population aged 35 to 74 suffers from glaucoma, which is one of the more common causes of blindness. The only evidence-based treatment option at present is lowering the intraocular pressure. Modern minimally invasive surgical procedures hold out the prospect of lowering the intraocular pressure without the risk of serious complications.Methods: This is a selective review of pertinent publications retrieved by a search in PubMed, including randomized, controlled trials and meta-analyses.Results: The intraocular pressure can be lowered with eyedrops, laser procedures, and surgery. Trabeculectomy is the reference standard in glaucoma surgery but leads to complications in 3-15% of cases. In minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, very small stents can be implanted to lower the intraocular pressure. These proce - dures have a better safety profile but are only indicated for mild or moderate glaucoma. The Kahook Dual Blade, iStent inject, and Hydrus Microshunt procedures have been studied in randomized, controlled trials. An additional pressure-lowering effect beyond that of cataract surgery was demonstrated only for the latter two procedures (1.9 mmHg and 1.8 mmHg, respectively). Other procedures have only been investigated in cohort studies to date; a pressure-lowering effect was found for some of them. Moreover, iStent and Hydrus Microshunt have been found to slow the progression of visual field defects.Conclusion: There are robust data documenting the effect of iStent and Hydrus Microshunt in lowering the intraocular pressure and lessening the need for eyedrops. High-quality controlled trials are still needed to test the efficacy of other procedures.","PeriodicalId":11258,"journal":{"name":"Deutsches Arzteblatt international","volume":" Forthcoming","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atretic Cephalocele as the Cause of Swelling on the Head of an Infant.

IF 6.5 2区医学

Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0171

Malte Ottenhausen, Florian Ringel, André Lollert

引用次数: 0