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The Twin Paradox Put to Rest 双胞胎悖论被终结
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1142/S2661339523200019
G. Alencar
{"title":"The Twin Paradox Put to Rest","authors":"G. Alencar","doi":"10.1142/S2661339523200019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2661339523200019","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we give a simple and analytical solution to the twin paradox. It relies just on Lorentz transformations and does not involve accelerated frames or any kind of signals exchanged between the twins. We expect that as a result we can put a dead end to this century-old problem.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116379148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discrete Symmetry Transformations on Non-Abelian Gauge Fields 非阿贝尔规范域上的离散对称变换
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.1142/S2661339523500075
A. Lahiri, P. B. Pal, Marina Shokova
{"title":"Discrete Symmetry Transformations on Non-Abelian Gauge Fields","authors":"A. Lahiri, P. B. Pal, Marina Shokova","doi":"10.1142/S2661339523500075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2661339523500075","url":null,"abstract":"All gauge bosons of a non-Abelian gauge theory do not transform the same way under the discrete transformations of time-reversal and charge-conjugation. Moreover, the transformation rules depend on how the generators are chosen. We show how well-defined rules pertain only to specific choices of generators, and then show how unified rules can be constructed, using matrix forms of the gauge bosons, which are completely independent of the choice of generators.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134320552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a Test in German Language to Assess Middle School Students’ Physics Proficiency 一种评估中学生物理能力的德语测试方法的开发
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1142/S2661339523200020
Markus Sebastian Feser, Dietmar Hottecke
{"title":"Development of a Test in German Language to Assess Middle School Students’ Physics Proficiency","authors":"Markus Sebastian Feser, Dietmar Hottecke","doi":"10.1142/S2661339523200020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2661339523200020","url":null,"abstract":"This short contribution reports the development of a test for assessing middle school students’ physics proficiency via multiple-choice single-select items in German language. The test assesses students’ content and procedural knowledge across various content areas that are typical of physics education at the middle-school level and is based on adapted items developed within the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). We report the study design we used to develop this test, as well as the results and selected parameters regarding the test’s psychometric quality.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127568429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Four-Velocity and Time in Special Relativity 狭义相对论中的速度和时间
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339522500172
Peter J. Riggs
{"title":"Four-Velocity and Time in Special Relativity","authors":"Peter J. Riggs","doi":"10.1142/s2661339522500172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339522500172","url":null,"abstract":"Four-vectors are defined analogously to three-vectors and provide a compact means of presenting mathematical results in relativity theory. However, the four-velocity vector does not have the same physical significance as the three-velocity vector, but assuming so has led to the declaration that there is motion through spacetime which explains special relativistic time dilation. It is shown that four-velocity cannot legitimately be employed in this manner and that the time dilation effect does not require any motion through spacetime nor any speed through time.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"827 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zero-Work Motion of a Suspended Slinky 悬浮弹簧的零功运动
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339522500214
Y. Kajiyama
{"title":"Zero-Work Motion of a Suspended Slinky","authors":"Y. Kajiyama","doi":"10.1142/s2661339522500214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339522500214","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the gravitational and the elastic potential energy of a Slinky suspended in a U-shape due to its own weight. If one symmetrically moves both ends of the Slinky along a particular parabola, or if one moves one end along a particular circle by fixing the other end, the total potential energy of the Slinky can be constant. External forces exchange these potential energies with each other without doing any net work. We present theoretical discussions and experiments suitable for physics classes in universities.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114226101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Music of the Spheres: Quantum Field Theory at the Introductory Level 球体的音乐:量子场论的入门
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339522500202
I. Redmount
{"title":"Music of the Spheres: Quantum Field Theory at the Introductory Level","authors":"I. Redmount","doi":"10.1142/s2661339522500202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339522500202","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum field theory has formed the conceptual framework of most of physics for more than sixty years. It incorporates a complete revision of our conception of the nature of matter and existence itself. Yet it is rarely taught, or even mentioned, in introductory physics — from high school, college, and university survey courses through upper-division “modern physics” courses. This omission is not necessary: This paper describes an approach through which the fundamental concepts and consequent insights of quantum field theory can be grasped, building upon familiar notions from classical and quantum mechanics.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"7 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126120607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solutions of the Ortvay Rudolf International Competition in Physics: Phase-Transition in Collective Aggression (1991/22 Problem) Ortvay Rudolf国际物理竞赛的解决方案:集体侵略中的相变(1991/22)
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339522200013
G. Ákos
{"title":"Solutions of the Ortvay Rudolf International Competition in Physics: Phase-Transition in Collective Aggression (1991/22 Problem)","authors":"G. Ákos","doi":"10.1142/s2661339522200013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339522200013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the third in a series of published solutions 1 , 2 discussing problems of the Ortvay Rudolf international competition. The problem treated below is an exercise in building a qualitative model for complex systems, applying statistical physics methods. Accounting for the simplifications, it is also possible to express corrections in the results due to otherwise neglected properties. The problem is appropriate for university students, especially for future physics teachers, as it helps to demonstrate the power of using physical reasoning in interdisciplinary fields.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130986971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Teaching the Concept of Weightlessness Based on the Movement of the Center of Mass 基于质心运动的失重概念教学
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339522200025
Kemal Yurumezoglu, H. Kucukozer, H. Kucukozer
{"title":"Teaching the Concept of Weightlessness Based on the Movement of the Center of Mass","authors":"Kemal Yurumezoglu, H. Kucukozer, H. Kucukozer","doi":"10.1142/s2661339522200025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339522200025","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we focus on the concept of weightlessness in an experiment that involves magnetic forces, and discuss the motion of objects and the movement of a system’s center of mass from the perspective of inertial observer.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131353574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Use of the Gouy–Stodola Theorem in Classical Mechanic Systems: A Study of Entropy Generation in the Simple Pendulum 古伊-斯托多拉定理在经典力学系统中的应用:单摆中熵生成的研究
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339522500184
R. H. Longaresi, S. Campos
{"title":"Use of the Gouy–Stodola Theorem in Classical Mechanic Systems: A Study of Entropy Generation in the Simple Pendulum","authors":"R. H. Longaresi, S. Campos","doi":"10.1142/s2661339522500184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339522500184","url":null,"abstract":"Both classical mechanics and thermodynamics live in the core of physics. They are two different aspects of the same thing, one can say. The thermodynamic equivalent of a mechanical system is one of the main achievements of the 19th century. Regarding only thermodynamics, the introduction of entropy, roughly defined in many textbooks as the unuseful energy present in a physical system, is a victory of Rudolf Clausius. Unlike energy, entropy can be produced in a physical system under certain conditions. We can act to increase the degree of disorder (statistical mechanics) in a physical system. Here, we propose to apply the entropy generation [Formula: see text]) concept to the simple pendulum by using a very unknown result: the Gouy–Stodola theorem. When considering the ideal case, where only conservative forces act on the system, one has [Formula: see text], and the entropy variation is null. However, as shall be seen, the entropy variation is not null all the time. Considering a nonconservative force proportional to the pendulum velocity, the amplitude of oscillations decreases to zero as [Formula: see text] grows. Then, [Formula: see text] may be related with the energy dissipation, as stated by the Gouy–Stodola theorem. Hence, as shall be seen, the greater the strength of the nonconservative force, the greater are both the energy dissipation and the time rate of entropy variation.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131044475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inverse-Square Orbits Revisited 反方轨道重访
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339522500111
J. A. Rizcallah, Ya. N. Shaar
{"title":"Inverse-Square Orbits Revisited","authors":"J. A. Rizcallah, Ya. N. Shaar","doi":"10.1142/s2661339522500111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339522500111","url":null,"abstract":"Kepler’s laws are an essential part of any mechanics course at the introductory level. They are commonly used to illustrate the power of Newton’s laws at explaining and predicting the motion of planets and comets around the sun. While the derivation of the second and third laws are outlined in every standard textbook, that of the first law (and the shape of orbits in general) is invariably omitted, due mainly to the insufficient proficiency of the targeted students in differential equations. The paper offers a workaround this difficulty. Assuming familiarity with the basic properties of conics and employing Newton’s law of universal gravitation, we manage to obtain, with very little calculus, the classic result: orbits are conic sections whose nature is determined by the body’s total energy.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126394533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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