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Solutions of the Ortvay Rudolf International Competition in Physics: Mass of a Force Carrier Particle (2014/24 Problem) Ortvay Rudolf国际物理竞赛:载力粒子的质量(2014/24题)
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523200044
G. Ákos, Sándor László
{"title":"Solutions of the Ortvay Rudolf International Competition in Physics: Mass of a Force Carrier Particle (2014/24 Problem)","authors":"G. Ákos, Sándor László","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523200044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523200044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the fourth in a series of published solutions discussing problems of the Ortvay Rudolf international competition. The problem treated below is an exercise in special relativity, applied to classical description of particle-exchange during scattering. As it is known, introducing rapidity can radically simplify the calculations in special relativity, as well as offer a simple geometric intuition. However, students often prefer doing calculations directly through formulas involving velocities, resulting in lengthy calculations, often increasing the chance of errors. It is our belief that giving the students simple, but not trivial problems before demonstrating the short and elegant solution presented below can help students to appreciate and understand the geometrical formulation of special relativity. Our calculation does not use mathematical techniques beyond those expected of high-school students, and the first half of this work may be used in special high-school classes.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132631960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Students’ Alternative Conceptions and Risk Perceptions of Radiation and Radioactivity 学生对辐射及放射性的另类观念及风险认知
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523500099
Darren Wong, T. K. Leong, S. Ravindran, Leeker Lin
{"title":"Students’ Alternative Conceptions and Risk Perceptions of Radiation and Radioactivity","authors":"Darren Wong, T. K. Leong, S. Ravindran, Leeker Lin","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523500099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523500099","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we share and discuss findings from our study involving Grades 9–12 Singapore students’ conceptions and perceptions of radiation and radioactivity. The students would have learned in science lessons about electromagnetic waves and the basic atomic structure but had no prior formal classroom lessons on radioactivity and nuclear physics. We found similar alternative conceptions and risk perceptions held by the students as reported in literature. These findings provide useful background knowledge for teachers to consider when developing learning experiences for students in this topic, with the goal to develop a strong foundation in the related key concepts and address risk perception gaps for students to make responsible and informed decisions on scientific and technological applications associated with radiation and radioactivity.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"103 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120868373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Coefficients of Friction for Cylinders, Rolling Down an Inclined Plane, by a Facile Video Analysis Technique 用简单视频分析技术评价圆柱沿斜面滚动时的摩擦系数
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523500051
Hafiz Arslan Hashim, Syed Nasrullah Ali Qazi, M. S. Anwar, Q. Zafar
{"title":"Evaluation of Coefficients of Friction for Cylinders, Rolling Down an Inclined Plane, by a Facile Video Analysis Technique","authors":"Hafiz Arslan Hashim, Syed Nasrullah Ali Qazi, M. S. Anwar, Q. Zafar","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523500051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523500051","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the use of video analysis technique has emerged as an effective and facile learning tool, due to the richness of spatial and temporal data useful to investigate the complex physical phenomena related to kinematics. In this study, we have investigated the motion of solid and annular cylinders rolling down an inclined wooden plane at different angles. The linear accelerations of the cylinders for the case of rolling (with and without slipping) have been derived theoretically and have been compared with their experimental counterparts. Specifically, the experimental values have been determined by performing a series of experiments, wherein the motion of the cylinders has been captured via a digital camera (recording at 240 frames s[Formula: see text]) and later analyzed frame by frame utilizing in-house developed GUI-based “Phystrack” video tracking library. We have measured the transition angles corresponding to the transition of motion (a) from rest to rolling, and (b) from pure rolling to a combination of rolling and slipping mode of motion, for the case of two distinct cylinders. This has eventually allowed us to compute the coefficient of static, kinetic and rolling friction for the aforementioned cylinders. In general, the coefficient of kinetic friction is regarded as an intrinsic material-dependent constant and considered as independent of the geometry of the object. However, in the case of rolling motion, the coefficients of friction are strongly dependent upon the geometrical parameters of the rolling object. The study emphasizes on developing the conceptual understanding ability of physics students pertaining to the friction coefficient of rolling objects.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121908467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Approximation Formula to the Draining Tank Problem 排水槽问题的近似公式
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523200056
Yuji Kajiyama
{"title":"An Approximation Formula to the Draining Tank Problem","authors":"Yuji Kajiyama","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523200056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523200056","url":null,"abstract":"We give an approximation formula to the drain time of the draining tank problem for an incompressible and nonviscous liquid with an unsteady flow effect. One can approximate the unsteady flow effect by elementary functions, and it is suitable for university students to learn Bernoulli’s equation with the unsteady flow effect.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136027408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncertainty Principles for Teaching Laboratories 教学实验室的测不准原理
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523500087
K. Haglin
{"title":"Uncertainty Principles for Teaching Laboratories","authors":"K. Haglin","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523500087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523500087","url":null,"abstract":"Educators must make decisions about learner expectations and skills on which to focus when it comes to laboratory activities. There are various approaches but the general pattern is to encourage students to measure ordered pairs, plot a graph to establish linear dependence, and then compute the slope of the best-fit line for an eventual scientific conclusion. To assist educators when they also want to include slope uncertainty dependent upon measurement uncertainty as part of the expected analysis, we demonstrate a physical approach so that both educators and their students have a convenient road map to follow. A popular alternative that educators often choose is to rely solely on statistical metrics to establish the tolerance of the technique, but we argue that the statistical strategy can distract students away from the true meaning of the uncertainty that is inherent in the act of making the measurements. We will carry these measurement error bars from their points of origin through the regression analysis to consistently establish the physical error bars for the slope and the intercept. We then demonstrate the technique using an introductory physics experiment with a purpose of measuring the speed of sound in air.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"104 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124547230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Classical Experiment for the Quantum Eraser: A Comparison Between Model and Experimental Results 量子擦除的经典实验:模型与实验结果的比较
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523500026
M. Di Mauro, L. Gratton, P. Onorato, S. Oss
{"title":"A Classical Experiment for the Quantum Eraser: A Comparison Between Model and Experimental Results","authors":"M. Di Mauro, L. Gratton, P. Onorato, S. Oss","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523500026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523500026","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a simple experimental apparatus which allows the quantitative study of the classical analog of a quantum eraser. The apparatus consists of a laser diode, a thin wire, two polarizers providing the which-way information, and a third polarizer which erases that information. The experimental results are analyzed with the aid of a digital camera and the Tracker application, and are compared with a novel classical computation of the interference patterns, which is presented as well.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122980018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic Forces: Do They Really Work? 磁力:它们真的有用吗?
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523500014
Sidharth Chambocheri Veetil, Hui Xiang Sim, Bernard Ricardo
{"title":"Magnetic Forces: Do They Really Work?","authors":"Sidharth Chambocheri Veetil, Hui Xiang Sim, Bernard Ricardo","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523500014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523500014","url":null,"abstract":"In high school and undergraduate physics, magnetic forces are often introduced as not being capable of doing work. In this paper, we explore the truth of this statement, analyzing the work done in various physical scenarios, including the bending of a wire in an external magnetic field, as well as the interaction between magnetic dipoles. In particular, the formation of surface charges and thorough analysis of the Hall force are elaborated. This paper addresses certain misconceptions regarding magnetic forces and work, and is expected to be of interest to students and educators alike.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127135304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Challenging Question that my Audience Cannot Answer 我的听众无法回答的具有挑战性的问题
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523200032
J. Thompson
{"title":"Challenging Question that my Audience Cannot Answer","authors":"J. Thompson","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523200032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523200032","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief article, I present the surprising, symmetry-breaking behavior of a homogeneous log of maple wood. The log is of square cross-section, and is placed to float in a tank of water. The straight symmetric floating state turns out to be unstable, and it immediately lolls over to an unexpected angle. This could explain why, when I was a young kid, my carefully made boats often did not float upright.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133469329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond Coulomb’s Law: The Interaction Between Overlapping Charged Balls 超越库仑定律:重叠带电球之间的相互作用
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1142/s266133952350004x
V. Ivchenko
{"title":"Beyond Coulomb’s Law: The Interaction Between Overlapping Charged Balls","authors":"V. Ivchenko","doi":"10.1142/s266133952350004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s266133952350004x","url":null,"abstract":"We give a detailed analysis of the interaction between overlapping charged balls, depending on the distance between them and their sizes. If one of the balls is entirely inside another ball, the interaction force is strictly proportional to the distance between the balls’ centers. This force has a maximum when some partial balls overlap depending on the ratio of their radii. For example, if the balls are the same, then the maximum corresponds to the distance between the centers equal to the balls’ radius. At small relative displacements of oppositely charged balls, they should perform harmonic oscillations around their common center of mass. The paper is addressed to undergraduates who deal with modern electrostatics.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117246987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Investigation on the Aerodynamics of Flight of a Hand Helicopter 手动直升机飞行空气动力学研究
The Physics Educator Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2661339523500038
Jed Li Xin Lim, Bernard Ricardo
{"title":"An Investigation on the Aerodynamics of Flight of a Hand Helicopter","authors":"Jed Li Xin Lim, Bernard Ricardo","doi":"10.1142/s2661339523500038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2661339523500038","url":null,"abstract":"A simple hand helicopter can be made by attaching rotor blades to one end of a vertical stick. The helicopter moves upwards when the stick is spun above a threshold angular velocity and released — a mechanism of common toys found in toy shops. This study uses computational fluid dynamics to predict the airflow around a hand helicopter from which the lift and drag acting on the hand helicopter’s blades can be obtained. Newton’s Second Law is then applied to find the hand helicopter’s equations of motion. These are solved to predict the helicopter’s trajectory and maximum height. The angle of attack, length of blades and thickness of blades are varied and their effects on the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, lift-off and maximum height are investigated. The findings offer insight into the parameters which will allow a hand helicopter to achieve its optimal maximum height. The conditions required for the hand helicopter to fly stably are also investigated and explained using the Tennis Racket Theorem.","PeriodicalId":112108,"journal":{"name":"The Physics Educator","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115775102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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