Cytogenetic and Genome Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Isolated Lymphocyte and Whole Blood-Based CBMN Assays for Radiation Triage.","authors":"Antonella Bertucci, Ruth C Wilkins, Sylvie Lachapelle, Helen C Turner, David J Brenner, Guy Garty","doi":"10.1159/000533488","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a mass-casualty nuclear/radiological event, there will be an important need for rapid and accurate estimation of absorbed dose for biological triage. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established and validated cytogenetic biomarker used to assess DNA damage in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Here, we describe an intercomparison experiment between two biodosimetry laboratories, located at Columbia University (CU) and Health Canada (HC) that performed different variants of the human blood CBMN assay to reconstruct dose in human blood, with CU performing the assay on isolated lymphocytes and using semi-automated scoring whereas HC used the more conventional whole blood assay. Although the micronucleus yields varied significantly between the two assays, the predicted doses closely matched up to 4 Gy - the range from which the HC calibration curve was previously established. These results highlight the importance of a robust calibration curve(s) across a wide age range of donors that match the exposure scenario as closely as possible and that will account for differences in methodology between laboratories. We have seen that at low doses, variability in the results may be attributed to variation in the processing while at higher doses the variation is dominated by inter-individual variation in cell proliferation. This interlaboratory collaboration further highlights the usefulness of the CBMN endpoint to accurately reconstruct absorbed dose in human blood after ionizing radiation exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10859551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9980964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NIAID/RNCP Biodosimetry Program: An Overview.","authors":"Merriline M Satyamitra, David R Cassatt, Olivia Molinar-Inglis, Carmen I Rios, Lanyn P Taliaferro, Thomas A Winters, Andrea L DiCarlo","doi":"10.1159/000534213","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Established in 2004, the Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health has the central mission to advance medical countermeasure mitigators/therapeutics, and biomarkers and technologies to assess, triage, and inform medical management of patients experiencing acute radiation syndrome and/or the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. The RNCP biodosimetry mission space encompasses: (1) basic research to elucidate novel approaches for rapid and accurate assessment of radiation exposure, (2) studies to support advanced development for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance of promising triage or treatment devices/approaches, (3) characterization of biomarkers and/or assays to determine degree of tissue or organ dose that can predict outcome of radiation injuries (i.e., organ failure, morbidity, and/or mortality), and (4) outreach efforts to facilitate interactions with researchers developing cutting edge biodosimetry approaches. Thus far, no biodosimetry device has been FDA cleared for use during a radiological/nuclear incident. At NIAID, advancement of radiation biomarkers and biodosimetry approaches is facilitated by a variety of funding mechanisms (grants, contracts, cooperative and interagency agreements, and Small Business Innovation Research awards), with the objective of advancing devices and assays toward clearance, as outlined in the FDA's Radiation Biodosimetry Medical Countermeasure Devices Guidance. The ultimate goal of the RNCP biodosimetry program is to develop and establish accurate and reliable biodosimetry tools that will improve radiation preparedness and ultimately save lives during a radiological or nuclear incident.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"89-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10946631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41116381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers for Biodosimetry and Their Role in Predicting Radiation Injury.","authors":"Molykutty Aryankalayil, Michelle A Bylicky, Sunita Chopra, Juan Dalo, Kevin Scott, Yuki Ueda, C Norman Coleman","doi":"10.1159/000531444","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-related normal tissue injury sustained during cancer radiotherapy or in a radiological or mass casualty nuclear incident is a major health concern. Reducing the risk and mitigating consequences of radiation injury could have a broad impact on cancer patients and citizens. Efforts to discover biomarkers that can determine radiation dose, predict tissue damage, and aid medical triage are underway. Exposure to ionizing radiation causes changes in gene, protein, and metabolite expression that needs to be understood to provide a holistic picture for treating acute and chronic radiation-induced toxicities. We present evidence that both RNA (mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA) and metabolomic assays may provide useful biomarkers of radiation injury. RNA markers may provide information on early pathway alterations after radiation injury that can predict damage and implicate downstream targets for mitigation. In contrast, metabolomics is impacted by changes in epigenetics, genetics, and proteomics and can be considered a downstream marker that incorporates all these changes to provide an assessment of what is currently happening within an organ. We highlight research from the past 10 years to understand how biomarkers may be used to improve personalized medicine in cancer therapy and medical decision-making in mass casualty scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10946629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Heterozygous Variant of FGF13 Caused X-Linked Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy 90 in a Chinese Family.","authors":"Haiying Cheng, Pu Miao, Ye Wang, Yufan Guo, Liuyan Gao, Yuting Lou, Fan Yang, Mengmeng Liang, Jianhua Feng","doi":"10.1159/000531932","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) refers to a group of severe epilepsy encephalopathy and development disorders, and its typical clinical features include seizures, drug resistance, and developmental delay or regression. To date, limited studies have reported DEEs driven by FGF13. Here, we reported a girl with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 90 caused by variant of FGF13. Her electroencephalogram (EEG) showed discontinuous hypsarrhythmia, and a heterozygous nonsynonymous variant in FGF13 [NM_004114.4: c.5C&gt;G, p.(Ala2Gly)] was identified from the proband. The variant was not reported in public databases such as gnomAD and Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), and was predicted to be damaging to proteins and classified as likely pathogenic according to the ACMG guidelines. The seizure was finally controlled by a combination of ACTH + zonisamide (10 mg/kg.d) + levetiracetam (52 mg/kg.d) + clonazepam (0.7 mg/kg.d).</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9934333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous EYFP-CENH3/H2B-DsRed Expression Is Impaired Differentially in Meristematic and Differentiated Nuclei of Arabidopsis Double Transformants.","authors":"Veit Schubert, Andrea Weißleder, Inna Lermontova","doi":"10.1159/000533317","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence live-cell microscopy is important in cell biology to perform artifact-free investigations. To analyze the dynamics of chromatin and centromeres at different stages of the cell cycle in nuclei and chromosomes, we performed simultaneous EYFP-CENH3/H2B-DsRed and single H2B-YFP transformations in Arabidopsis wild-type and cohesin T-DNA mutants. All constructs were under the control of the strong CaMV 35S promoter. While a strong silencing of fluorescence expression occurred differently in leaf and root tissues in the double transformants, nearly all single-transformed wild-type and most mutant cells showed H2B-YFP fluorescence. It seems that for an efficient co-expression of two fluorescence proteins, endogenous promoters and terminators should be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10316568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Y Chromosome Material and Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations in a Cohort of Turner Syndrome Patients with 45,X Blood Karyotype.","authors":"Emediong Q Udo, Tate Truly, Andrew Peters, Siddharth K Prakash, Michelle Rivera, David Felipe Rodriguez-Buritica","doi":"10.1159/000535771","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital cardiac malformation (CCM) in adults and is 30-50 times more frequent in Turner syndrome (TS). We hypothesize that both X and Y chromosome dosages contribute to the prevalence of CCM in TS. The recognition of genotype-phenotype correlations may improve risk stratification of patients with 45,X karyotypes who have cryptic Y chromosome mosaicism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing data and samples from the UTHealth Turner Syndrome Research Registry, we correlated Y chromosome DNA identified by multiplex quantitative PCR and SNP microarrays with the presence of congenital heart lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified Y chromosome DNA in more than 10% of registry participants, including 2 participants who had no detectable Y DNA by karyotype or SNP microarray.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were no significant correlations between the presence of Y DNA and CCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"290-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138828716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Partial Deletion of the TBL1XR1 Gene Detected Using SNP Array in a Patient with Motor Delay, Growth Failure, and Klinefelter Syndrome.","authors":"Elena García-Payá, Paula Sirera Sirera, Isabel Huertas-García, Sofía Daniela Hernández Romero, Julia Olivas García","doi":"10.1159/000534530","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Co-existence pathogenic copy number variation with aneuploidy is a rare phenomenon. Whole TBL1XR1 gene deletions are described and associated with autosomal dominant intellectual development disorder-41 (#616944). However, the phenotypical expression of the TBL1XR1 partial deletion is poorly described.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe the case of a male, aged 18 months, who presented delayed motor development, gait disturbance, mild generalized hypotonia, minor dysmorphic features, and growth failure, in addition to Klinefelter syndrome (KS). The single nucleotide polymorphism array revealed the de novo pathogenic interstitial deletion of chromosome 3q26.32 of 202 kb size that encompassed the first two exons of one relevant coding gene: TBL1XR1 (*608,628).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report a male without clinical signs of KS and overlapped phenotypical features with another TBL1XR1-related disease: Pierpont syndrome (#602342). This patient extends the phenotypic spectrum of TBL1XR1 gene pathogenic variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"295-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency in the Peripheral Blood of Adult and Pediatric Patients Receiving Fractionated Total Body Irradiation.","authors":"Karthik Kanagaraj, Michelle A Phillippi, Pratyush Narayan, Barbara Szolc, Jay R Perrier, Amanda McLane, Suzanne L Wolden, Christopher A Barker, Qi Wang, Sally A Amundson, David J Brenner, Helen C Turner","doi":"10.1159/000534433","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established method for assessing chromosome damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes resulting from exposure to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to measure cytogenetic DNA damage and hematology parameters in vivo based on MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from adult and pediatric leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preceded by total body irradiation (TBI) as part of the conditioning regimen. CBMN assay cultures were prepared from fresh blood samples collected before and at 4 and 24 h after the start of TBI, corresponding to doses of 1.25 Gy and 3.75 Gy, respectively. For both age groups, there was a significant increase in MN yields with increasing dose (p &lt; 0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in the nuclear division index (NDI; p &lt; 0.0001). In the pre-radiotherapy samples, there was a significantly higher NDI measured in the pediatric cohort compared to the adult due to an increase in the percentage of tri- and quadri-nucleated cells scored. Complete blood counts with differential recorded before and after TBI at the 24-h time point showed a rapid increase in neutrophil (p = 0.0001) and decrease in lymphocyte (p = 0.0006) counts, resulting in a highly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 14.45 ± 1.85 after 3.75 Gy TBI (pre-exposure = 4.62 ± 0.49), indicating a strong systemic inflammatory response. Correlation of the hematological cell subset counts with cytogenetic damage, indicated that only the lymphocyte subset survival fraction (after TBI compared with before TBI) showed a negative correlation with increasing MN frequency from 0 to 1.25 Gy (r = -0.931; p = 0.007). Further, the data presented here indicate that the combination of CBMN assay endpoints (MN frequency and NDI values) and hematology parameters could be used to assess cytogenetic damage and early hematopoietic injury in the peripheral blood of leukemia patients, 24 h after TBI exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10946645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41111037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xp22.33p22.13 Duplication in a Male Patient Carrying a Recombinant X Chromosome Derived from an Inherited Intrachromosomal Insertion.","authors":"Tatiana Mozer Joaquim, Scott David Roy, Clarissa Gondim Picanço de Albuquerque, Carlos Henrique Paiva Grangeiro, Jeremy A Squire, Maisa Yoshimoto, Lucia Martelli","doi":"10.1159/000532051","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000532051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrachromosomal insertions are complex structural rearrangements that are challenging to interpret using classical cytogenetic methods. We report a male patient carrying a recombinant X chromosome derived from a maternally inherited intrachromosomal insertion. The patient exhibited developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral disorder, and dysmorphic facial features. To accurately identify the rearrangements in the abnormal X chromosome, additional cytogenetic studies were conducted, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multicolor-banding FISH, and array comparative genomic hybridization. The results showed a recombinant X chromosome, resulting in a 13.05 Mb interstitial duplication of segment Xp22.33-Xp22.13, which was inserted at cytoband Xq26.1. The duplicated region encompasses 99 genes, some of which are associated with the patient's clinical manifestations. We propose that the combined effects of the Xp-duplicated genes may contribute to the patient's phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tandem Triplication 11p15.5-ICR1 (H19/IGF2) Detected by Microarray and Optical Genome Mapping in a Prenatal Beckwith-Wiedemann Case.","authors":"Elisabet Lloveras, Cristina Pérez, Begoña Mendez, Susana Martin, Claudia Alves, Margarida Reis-Lima","doi":"10.1159/000531703","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical genome mapping (OGM) appears as a new tool for matching standard cytogenetic methods (karyotype and microarray) into a single assay. The chromosomal region 11p15.5 harbours two differentially methylated regions, the imprinting centre regions 1 and 2 (ICR1, ICR2). Disturbances in both regions alter human growth and are associated with two imprinting disorders, Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndromes. Herein, we present a prenatal case with a triplication in 11p15.5, including the H19/IGF2 imprinted region, detected by microarray and OGM. A 30-year-old pregnant woman of 17 weeks of gestation was referred for prenatal karyotype and microarray study because of increased nuchal translucency, short femur, megabladder, hyperechogenic bowel, and renal ectasia. Microarray, OGM, and MS-MLPA were performed, and a tandem cis-triplication in 11p15.5 and hypermethylation of the ICR1 region, compatible with BWS was detected. OGM, with its power to detect all classes of structural variants, including copy number variants, at a higher resolution than traditional cytogenetic methods can play a significant role in prenatal care and management as a next-generation cytogenomic tool. This study further supports the hypotheses that the amplification/duplication-triplication of the H19/IGF2 region could be related to BWS if it is of paternal origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11206,"journal":{"name":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","volume":" ","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9690715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}