Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Species of American Food Hubs: Development of an Organizational Species Concept and Its Application to an Emerging Organizational Form","authors":"Jason Entsminger, R. Westgren","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3462685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3462685","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic classification has played a pivotal role in the development of evolutionary thought, where groupings are hierarchical orderings such that membership has predictive capabilities at some given level as well as explains origins or relations among kinds. (Bailey, 1994; Carper & Snizek, 1980; McKelvey, 1982; Rich, 1992) Early works in evolutionary approaches to organizations employ allegories to biological concepts but often do so without first employing a systematic method for delimiting the population being studied. In this paper we integrate the concept of natural kinds taken from philosophy of science with allegory to the ecological niche (see Cattani, Porac, & Thomas, 2017; Popielarz & Neal, 2007; Astley, 1985; Astley & Van de Ven, 1983) to formulate an Organizational Species Concept which can accommodate an array of social sciences concerned with organizational forms and making inferences about the structures, behaviors, resource allocation decisions, and other characteristics of firms. We operationalize this conceptual framework through the use of cluster analysis and an abductive process of exploratory scientific discovery. Here this is applied to a unique national data set covering an emergent organizational form in food systems, the “food hub�?, as a proof of concept. This application carries policy import for goals that center food hubs within initiatives to scale up local and regional food systems. Based on findings from our empirical work, we propose six species of American food hub organizations.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122770392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Business of Doing Good? Some Insights from a Cambodian Social Enterprise","authors":"M. Bateman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3460576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3460576","url":null,"abstract":"Given the accelerating global popularity of the social enterprise concept as a response to the growing failings of neoliberal capitalism, there are increasing calls for deeper analysis of some of the leading social enterprises. One of the highest profile examples of a social enterprise is the microcredit institution AMK based in Cambodia. Using data and insights gathered during fieldwork in Cambodia in late 2017 and again in early 2019, as well as secondary data obtained elsewhere, this paper shows how AMK was willing and able to use professional marketing, friendly academics, and a supportive international development community in order to create a seductive narrative that it was ‘doing well by doing good’. In fact, the impact of AMK, as in the case of the many other microcredit institutions in Cambodia and around the world, has been negative not just for its poor clients but for the wider community as well. Reckless lending leading to rising over-indebtedness and gradual land-loss are just two of the negative outcomes associated with the operation of the microcredit sector in Cambodia, and with AMK in particular. Until such problematic examples of a social enterprise are explicitly recognised for what they are and confronted by those promoting the concept with good intentions, the potential for the social enterprise format to be deployed as a genuine force for social impact will remain strictly limited.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126407203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firms, Markets and Crowds: Information and Economic Organizing in the Digital Economy","authors":"H. Tajedin, A. Madhok","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3458617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3458617","url":null,"abstract":"The rise and prominence of platform-based organizations in recent years has attracted tremendous research interest by management and economics scholars. We focus on crowdsourcing, a particular type of platform-based form of organizing. We first inquire into the information efficiency properties of crowdsourcing, exploring why and how the underlying mechanisms can enable it to be more efficient than alternative organizational forms in organizing economic activities. We then emphasize the role of the firm as market designer as well as orchestrator of market resources in bringing about such efficiencies. We argue that the concept of firm-designed market represents a distinct institutional arrangement, demonstrating a new gain to management that is structured not around authority in producing orders but instead around orchestrating the market mechanism.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132507278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Innovation and Social Policy: Empowerment of Indigenous Women the Management of Sustainable Productive Organizations in Vietnam and Mexico","authors":"Carlos Medel-Ramírez, Hilario Medel-López","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3462708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3462708","url":null,"abstract":"The present proposal, as an area of opportunity, addresses the empowerment of indigenous women, as a mechanism that seeks to achieve the development of management skills of sustainable productive organizations in the short, medium and / or long term, create individual commitment to develop their own potentialities and to generate an answer for their social change and human development. This in support of the strategy to combat poverty and social exclusion, through the development of productive projects, through the management of sustainable productive organizations that seek to improve the living conditions and social position of indigenous women. \u0000 \u0000The importance of the research is that it seeks to deepen the social exclusion processes present in indigenous women, in order to propose alternative solutions in order to overcome their condition of multidimensional poverty and that seek to strengthen the actions for empowerment in the development of their management capacities themselves that are elements that promote the development of sustainable productive organizations.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124873716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Responsibility of Higher Education Institutions: A New Insight into Stakeholders","authors":"H. Rumambi, R. Kaparang, J. Lintong, J. Tangon, Johanis Ohoitimur","doi":"10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(3)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(3)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - Are stakeholders within the institution as actors, or are they also the goals of the institution's social responsibility? This study aims to provide new insight into the role of stakeholders in the implementation of social responsibility in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Institutions have a certain level of social responsibility, which is inherent to its existence. To exist, an institution relies on the presence of stakeholders. Stakeholders are considered as the key to an institution's legitimacy. The relationship between an institution and its stakeholders can be described as a social contract.\u0000Methodology/Technique – Using a qualitative approach, this study identifies the relevant stakeholders in HEI’s and categorizes their roles and interests. The concept of HEI social dimension is used to analyze and interpret the data. The results indicate that HEI stakeholders consist of three levels, namely: primary (including management, lecturers, students, administrative staff, security officers, technicians, cleaning services, and the natural environment of the institution), secondary (including the local community, industries, alumni organizations, the government, accreditation agency, and the natural environment around the institution), and tertiary level (including society in general and nature).\u0000Finding & Novelty - The results suggest that the primary stakeholders become moral actors who carry out the institution's commitment to implement social responsibility. This finding implies that primary stakeholders become the executor and the goal of HEI social responsibility. Therefore, the institution's social responsibilities activities are aimed at the life and development of the institution itself. Social responsibility is carried out from the inside to the outside in a circular and continuous manner.\u0000Type of Paper: Empirical.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Social Responsibility; Higher Education Institution; Stakeholders; Social Dimension of HEI.\u0000\u0000Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Rumambi, H. D; Kaparang, R. M; Lintong J. S; Tangon, J.N; O, Johanis. 2019. Social Responsibility of Higher Education Institutions: A New Insight into Stakeholders, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review 7 (3): 185 – 193. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(3)\u0000\u0000JEL Classification: M13, M14, M19.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132520876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Principles of Social Symmetry","authors":"I. Togunov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3456604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3456604","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the author’s approaches to understanding the form, content and social organizations in the light of structural symmetry and functional asymmetry. The role of the conceptual model of organizations and its correspondence to the conditionally absolute coordinate system is revealed.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131302790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking the Experience of Building a Security Community: The Case of Asean","authors":"A. Korolev, Y. Belous","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3454526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3454526","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the structural elements of the concept of a security community using the example of ASEAN. The relevance of studying this phenomenon has risen dramatically due to the official launch of the ASEAN Community in 2015, which consists of three key elements – the Economic Community, the Political and Security Community and the Socio-Cultural Community. The article argues that such generally accepted factors as economic interdependence, the political regimes, and the support of liberal ideas should be considered only as triggers which may facilitate the transition of security communities to a more advanced stage. In this regard, more significant variables are the “we feeling” among ruling elites and the population, the presence of common goals, the interests and values shared by all members of the community, adherence to key norms and principles of functioning of the union, the presence of strong channels of communication between states, the ability of collective response of states to internal and external challenges, and peaceful conflict resolution","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125122385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Corporation as a Category in Private Law","authors":"P. Miller, Andrew S. Gold","doi":"10.4337/9781788971621.00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788971621.00033","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we examine the conceptualization of the corporation in private law, focusing particularly on categorization functions served by the corporate form. We argue that corporations are conceptualized as a distinctive kind of legal actor, their legal agency being constituted by private and public law alike. We explain the essentials of the corporate form, so understood, and outline the internal and external categorization functions that it performs in private law. Throughout, we emphasize that private law has ensured the legal and practical efficacy of the corporate form by adapting for exigencies generated by the artificial personality of corporations. We conclude with some observations about the challenges corporations present to general private law theory, including the work of corrective justice and civil recourse theorists. Amongst other things, we explain why leading theories of private law need to be significantly amended to account for the legal nature and moral status of corporations.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126139950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Structure, Subsystem Interaction Pattern, and Misalignments in Complex NPD Projects","authors":"M. Jafari Songhori, Javad Nasiry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3448496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3448496","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a complex new product requires the firm both to deconstruct that product into subsystems and to create an organizational structure aligned with the product architecture. However, empirical evidence indicates that misalignments do occur and are usually one of two general forms: a “hidden dependency”, which is a missing link between teams responsible for two interacting subsystems; or “spurious communications” between two teams that interact even though their respective subsystems are not linked. We model the product development process as a search on a rugged landscape and study how misalignments affect the performance of the process in both design quality and convergence time. We find that the effects are mediated by the organizational decision-making structure, and also by the interaction pattern among product subsystems. For instance, with a modular design, a project with hidden dependencies yields higher quality design solutions than a project with spurious communications or an aligned project. However, hidden dependencies cause a longer convergence time. Further, in modular designs spurious communications do not impact quality or convergence time when compared with aligned projects. The effect in non-modular product designs depends on the organizational decision-making structure and managerial capability. When decisions are made in a centralized organization that employs a capable manager, spurious communications improve the design quality but could delay the convergence time. We trace the cause of these effects to errors committed by teams in rejecting superior designs which make the search process more exploratory and covering a wider area of the search landscape.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117283581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Dispute Resolution for Small Civil Claims in Victoria: A New Paradigm in Civil Justice","authors":"Vivi Tan","doi":"10.21153/dlr2019vol24no1art873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21153/dlr2019vol24no1art873","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to explore some of the implications of integrating information and communications technology into judicial processes to resolve small civil claims. It argues that, as ODR moves from individual private-sector initiatives to widespread public sector institutionalisation, governance and value questions will need to be seriously considered. This is because questions regarding the appropriateness of the use of certain ODR systems in the resolution of small claims and consumer disputes persist, especially in relation to the use of systems which are fully autonomous. For example, how are fundamental due process requirements to be balanced against the economic constraints of resolving low value disputes? What are the limits to the evolution of civil justice to make it more accessible? It is argued that, while ODR holds vast potential for increasing access to justice, attention needs to be given to the dispute system design to ensure that it achieves that goal and does not result in the erosion of fundamental values of civil justice, including accessibility, transparency, legal validity and accountability.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"82 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123435106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}