Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of Community Support for Wildlife Tourism: Evidence from Udawalawa National Park in Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Ranasinghe, K. Weerasinghe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3517688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3517688","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study was to examine local residents' attitudes and participation in tourism, and to explore factors which affect residents' support and participation in tourism in Udawalawe National Park, Sri Lanka. This study tests the structural equation model between community perceptions and opinions about the impacts of tourism, community participation and further to determine their willingness to support for wildlife tourism. The study is descriptive in nature, and is based on quantitative methodology to investigate the relationships between different constructs. The study site is called the Udawalawe National Park. Therefore population of this study represents the natives who are living in the Udawalawe area. For the sample size of this study was 160 citizens in Udawalawe area. Convenience and quota sampling methods were adapted methods from identified and independent sample frames to collect quantitative data from the respondents the questionnaire included with the community involvement and interest in tourism and community perception on tourism development impacts. It was made up of close-ended questions and five-point Likert scale type questions. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SPSS. The result reveled that, there is a significant relationship between community participation and community perceived impacts. Hence, there is a significant relationship between community participation and support for wildlife tourism and there is no significant relationship between the perceived impact and wildlife tourism support and it also indicate a negative relationship. The results of factor analyses of tourism impacts identified two factors: Socio and Economic factors .but in the final result there is no statistically significant relationship and it also indicate a negative relationship. It can be conclude that the community participation can be increased by the education level of residents to understand their right and need for greater participation in the decision-making process. Also, outbound parties have greater responsibility make their contribution, to increase the involving the socio and economic factors in wild life tourism.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125730111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Organizational Design of Entrepreneurial Ventures: A First Empirical Look!","authors":"P. Rovelli, Vincenzo Butticè","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3436807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3436807","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies claim that entrepreneurial venture should pay attention to their organizational design in order to improve performance. However, a clear understanding on how these ventures organize is still missing. Entrepreneurial ventures’ organizational design still remains an ambiguous concept, which has been rarely analyzed empirically. In this paper, we borrow organizational design elements from the literature on established firms and we use them as a lens to provide a fist empirical overview on the entrepreneurial ventures’ organization. We analyze a sample of 255 Italian entrepreneurial venture, focusing on their top management teams and on the most important organizational design elements: hierarchical structure, size, functional specialization, and delegation. In so doing, we first relate these elements to four contingency factors (i.e., EV’s size, age, industry, and geographical location) and then we adopt a two-step cluster analysis to understand whether the complementarities and interdependencies among organizational design elements give rise to organizational configurations. Results reveal the presence of three distinct configurations, which we named collaborative TMT, centric TMT, and professional TMT.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126965663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market","authors":"Marco Di Maggio, Mark L. Egan, Francesco Franzoni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3430405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3430405","url":null,"abstract":"Brokers play a critical role in intermediating institutional transactions in the stock market. Despite the importance of brokers, we have limited information on what drives investors’ choices among them. We develop and estimate an empirical model of broker choice that allows us to quantitatively examine each investor’s responsiveness to execution costs, access to research, and order flow information. Studying over 300 million institutional trades, we find that investor demand is relatively inelastic with respect to trading commissions and that investors are willing to pay a premium for access to formal (top research analysts) and informal (order-flow information) research. There is also substantial heterogeneity across investors. Relative to other investors, hedge funds tend to be more price insensitive, place less value on sell-side research, and place more value on order-flow information. Using trader-level data, we find that investors are more likely to execute trades through intermediaries who are located physically closer and are less likely to trade with those that have engaged in misconduct in the past. Lastly, we use our empirical model to investigate soft-dollar arrangements and the unbundling of equity research and execution services related to the MiFID II regulations. We find that the bundling of execution and research potentially allows hedge funds and mutual funds to under-report management fees by 10%.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115284653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incentives and Gaming in Collaborative Projects Under Risk Sharing Partnerships","authors":"J. Song, Yao Zhao, Xin Xu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2980139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2980139","url":null,"abstract":"1. Problem Definition: This article explores the incentive issues and gaming behaviors of firms under risk sharing partnerships in a project management setting, motivated by real-life examples. <br><br>2. Academic/Practical relevance: Collaboration prevails in projects within diverse industries. The risk sharing partnership, in which each partner pays for its own cost and shares the outcome (either reward or loss) upon project completion, is one of the most popular ways to manage collaborations in practice. However, the risk sharing partnership may lead to project failure in the forms of excessive delays and cost overruns, but the driving forces (e.g., incentives) and mechanisms (e.g., gaming behaviors) in project management settings are not yet fully understood. <br><br>3. Methodology: Relative to the one-firm-does-all strategy, we studied how risk sharing partnerships may affect firms' incentives in project execution, and thus, project metrics (duration and cost) for various project networks (serial vs. parallel), risk levels (deterministic vs. stochastic duration), and information status (symmetry vs. asymmetry). <br><br>4. Results: We found that risk sharing partnerships may encourage deliberate delays and cost overruns through various mechanisms, such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, the Supplier's Dilemma, and the Coauthor's Dilemma. Counterintuitively, information asymmetry may outperform information symmetry on project metrics for both deterministic and stochastic duration, contingent upon the network structure, cost parameters, and partners' beliefs. <br><br>5. Managerial implications: By connecting theory to practice, we provide insights into the incentive issues of some real-life projects and justifications for several mitigation strategies to avoid such gaming behaviors in practice.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133770201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2019 Texas Estates & Trust Codes with Commentary","authors":"Gerry W. Beyer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3429377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3429377","url":null,"abstract":"This document contains the Texas Estates Code and the Texas Trusts Code (and related Property Code provisions) showing all changes made by the Regular Session of the 2019 Texas Legislature. The changes, most of which take effect on September 1, 2019, are shown in red-lined format for easy comparison of the prior and new versions of the statutes. Also included are charts converting Probate Code to Estates Code sections and Estates Code to Probate Code sections. \u0000 \u0000I have included commentary entitled Statutes in Context to many sections. These annotations provide background information, explanations, and citations to key cases which should assist you in identifying the significance of the statutes and how they operate.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128259415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ripple Effects: How Firm-Activist Collaborations Reduce Movement Contention","authors":"Kate Odziemkowska, M. McDonnell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3428050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3428050","url":null,"abstract":"Prior work suggests that firms can reduce the contentiousness of their social environments by forging cross-sector alliances or collaborations with activist organizations. In this paper, we explore the mechanisms that determine which activists within a social movement field represent the most effective partners for this purpose. To shed light on this question, we employ a unique, self-constructed 10-year panel tracking all contentious and collaborative interactions between 110 environmental movement organizations and a random sample of large, publicly-traded U.S. firms. We find collaborations with environmental activists reduce the contentiousness of the broader environmental movement through two distinct pathways: signaling and relational. As evidence of a signaling mechanism, we find firms experience a decrease in contentious challenges from the movement after they collaborate with a more contentious activist. Second, as evidence of a relational mechanism, we find firms face less contention from activists that are board-interlocked with an activist with which the firm collaborates. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the influence firm-activist collaborations have outside the focal dyad in shaping the firm’s relationship with the broader movement field. They also shed light on important indirect effects of an understudied phenomenon in research on movements and markets — collaborations between social activists and firms.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129921841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Development: Part 1 Development, Growth and Globalisation","authors":"M. Yolles","doi":"10.1108/K-02-2019-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/K-02-2019-0083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Agency involves dynamic socio-cultural processes that facilitate development. This paper is written in three parts. In Part 1, there are two purposes, the first purpose is to intimately connect agency and institutional theory, and the second purpose is to explore the relationship between agency development and growth and globalisation. In Part 2, the purpose will be to explore development with respect to the political context by explaining in terms of culture under what conditions political groups may come to power. Using political frames intended to define their nature and realities, political groups seek to attract agents in their political sphere to gain administrative power. In Part 3, the purpose will be to model, using cybernetic agency theory, the nature of development and its reduction to instrumentality.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this part of the three-part paper, development theory is explained as a multidisciplinary field in which research and theories are clustered together and set within an adaptive institutional activity system framework. An adaptive activity system has a plural membership of agents represented by agency. Agency represents an activity system that will be argued to operate through its institutional metasystem. This enables activity system development to be explained as a process of institutional evolution. In Part 1, the problem will be addressed of how the relationship between agency and institution enables institutional change. To resolve this agency will be shown to be institutional in nature, and agency development as a process of institutional evolution. To distinguish between development and growth/globalisation, agency will be taken to have an internal and external context. Distinction will then be made between development as an internal attribute of agency and its consequences, which may include the external attributes of growth/globalisation. It will also be explained that development may have a less desirable condition when it becomes liquid.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The three-part paper develops a political development theory that identifies the conditions under which formal political groups are able to promote frames of policy to attract support from autonomous agents that constitute the membership of the activity system, and hence gain agency status. Furthermore, Bauman’s theory of liquid modernity is connected to Sorokin’s theory of socio-cultural dynamics and cultural stability. One result is the notion of liquid development, an unstable condition of development in adaptive activity systems.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The implication of this research is that, given additional appropriate measurement criteria, it will allow conceptual and empirical methods to be used that will potentially enable political outcomes in complex socio-political environments to be anticipated.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The implication of this research is that it will allow empirical methods to be used that potentially","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123106511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Residents, Community Participation and Support for Tourism Development in the Old Town Muang Songkhla, Thailand","authors":"Wilawan Jansri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3433965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3433965","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that community participation is the foundation for sustainable tourism development. The research focuses on the effects of perceptions among residents on community participation and explores the impacts of community participation on Support for Tourism Development in the Old Town Muang Songkhla, Thailand. The study employed a systematic random sampling method using a questionnaire to accessed resident perceptions of the Old Town Muang Songkhla, Thailand. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) techniques were applied to analyze the data. The results from 222 surveys revealed that community participation is influenced by both positive perceptions and negative perception of the residents. Moreover, the finding supports the effect of community participation on Support for Tourism Development. It is a clear statement that the role of the residence is important to support tourism development and maintain its strong growth. This research provokes reflections on community participation theory and management practices in the Thailand context.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122968006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ambassador Program: A Framework for Recruiting and Engaging Flexible Volunteers","authors":"Ike Obi, Alexus Jimson-Miller, M. Hahn, Darik Hall","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3434085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3434085","url":null,"abstract":"Volunteers are vital to the mission of nonprofit organizations. However, most nonprofits are struggling to recruit the volunteers they need to support their goals. Due to this difficulty, many of these organizations are seeking innovative techniques for recruiting and engaging volunteers in ways that are enriching, meaningful and productive. On the basis of this need we surveyed 55 participants, interviewed 10 users and conducted literature reviews on 30 materials to uncover insights into the best method for recruiting and retaining volunteers. Findings from the study revealed that most of the respondents were interested in a flexible and open-choice approach to volunteering. It also showed that the respondents would like to participate with their friends and that they wouldn't mind a reward for helping out such organizations. Based on these findings, we developed a flexible volunteer framework that could be implemented by nonprofits or any other organization that needs help recruiting volunteers. This paper should provide a clear understanding of the process, its benefits, and how to incorporate them into their current volunteer, recruitment, and engagement strategies.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116380660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Business in Society (Ролята на бизнеса в обществото)","authors":"Venelin Terziev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3410746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3410746","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the main issues relating to the place and role of organizations in terms of their social responsibility to society today. Attention is also placed on their social attitude towards corporate employees, particular groups of people, or society as a whole .","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130119235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}