Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Organizational Structure and Technological Investment","authors":"Inés Macho-Stadler, Noriaki Matsushima, Ryusuke Shinohara","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3489662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3489662","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze firms' decisions to adopt a vertical integration or separation, taking into account the characteristics of both the final good competition and the R&D process. We consider two vertical chains, where upstream sectors conduct R&D investment. Such investment determines the production costs of the downstream sector and has knowledge and R&D spillovers on the rivals' costs. In a general setting, we show that the equilibrium organizational structure depends on whether the situation considered belongs to one of four possible cases. We study how final good market competition, spillover, and incentives in innovation interact to determine the equilibrium vertical structure.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129291907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Companies Survive due to Covid-19 According to Dynamic Organization","authors":"Jasmine Rahma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3591135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591135","url":null,"abstract":"There are many factors that cause economic crisis such as what happen currently, world is now having economic crisis caused by COVID-19. Because of the ever-increasing corona development, it is estimated that economic growth this year is below 5 percent or lower compared to last year. The writing of this essay is focusing on companies that get effect of economy crisis caused by COVID-19 also give solution so that companies can survive.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"1998 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134476804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Codetermination: A Poor Fit for U.S. Corporations","authors":"J. Dammann, Horst Eidenmueller","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3565955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3565955","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The idea that a corporation’s employees should elect some of the corporation’s board members, a system known as codetermination, has moved to the forefront of U.S. corporate law policy. Elizabeth Warren’s Accountable Capitalism Act calls for employees of large firms to elect forty percent of all board members. Bernie Sanders’s Corporate Accountability and Democracy Plan goes even further and states that workers should elect forty-five percent of board members. \u0000Both Warren’s and Sanders’s plans are broadly similar to the German law on codetermination, which for many decades has allowed employees of large German corporations to elect up to half of all board members. It is therefore unsurprising that Senator Sanders points to Germany’s successful economic development as evidence that economic progress and mandatory codetermination can go hand in hand. \u0000However, this Article argues that codetermination promises to be a poor fit for U.S. corporations. While Germany arguably reaps significant benefits from codetermination, legal, social, and institutional differences between Germany and the United States make it highly unlikely that the United States would be able to replicate those benefits. Furthermore, the costs of codetermination probably would be much higher in the United States than they are in Germany. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115055466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duurzaamheid gefinancierd: Plichten van financiële dienstverleners (Sustainable Finance: Duties of Financial Services Providers)","authors":"Veerle Colaert, Arnaud Van Caenegem","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3607146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3607146","url":null,"abstract":"Dutch Abstract: Twee jaar geleden nam de Europese Commissie het \"Actieplan: Duurzame Groei Financieren\" aan, met de ambitie om het Europese financieel systeem fundamenteel te hervormen teneinde duurzame financiering te bevorderen. Het Actieplan wil door de realisatie van tien actiepunten drie doelstellingen verwezenlijken: (i) kapitaalstromen herorienteren in de richting van duurzame investeringen om duurzame en inclusieve groei te bewerkstelligen; (ii) financiele risico’s beheren die het gevolg zijn van de klimaatverandering, de uitputting van hulpbronnen, de aantasting van het milieu en sociale kwesties; en (iii) transparantie en langetermijndenken bij financiele en economische activiteiten stimuleren. \u0000 \u0000In dit artikel wordt eerst de totstandkoming van het Actieplan besproken, gevolgd door een kritische evaluatie van de voorgang die is geboekt met betrekking tot de actiepunten die de grootste impact hebben op de verplichtingen van aanbieders van financiele diensten. Als tussenpersonen die niet-professionele beleggers toegang verschaffen tot de financiele markten, spelen financiele dienstverleners een essentiele rol bij de realisatie van de doelstellingen van het Actieplan. Zij kunnen beleggers helpen met het afstemmen van hun ethische overtuigingen op hun beleggingsstrategie; hun blootstelling aan risico's in verband met duurzaamheid beperken en hen bewust maken van de maatschappelijke gevolgen van hun beleggingsbeslissingen. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: Two years have passed since the European Commission adopted its \"Action Plan: Financing Sustainable Growth\" aiming at fundamentally reforming the European financial system in order to mainstream sustainable finance. The Action Plan sets out ten actions to achieve three objectives: (i) to reorient capital flows towards sustainable investment in order to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth; (ii) to manage financial risks stemming from climate change, resource depletion, environmental degradation and social issues; and (iii) to foster transparency and long-termism in financial and economic activity. \u0000 \u0000In this article, we discuss the coming about of the Action Plan and critically evaluate the progress made on those action points that most affect the duties of financial services providers. As intermediaries between retail investors and the financial markets, financial services providers will indeed play a key role in enabling investors to align their ethical beliefs with their investment strategy, in mitigating clients’ exposure to sustainability-related risks and in raising awareness of the societal consequences of investment decisions.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123726256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role Fluidity in Companies","authors":"S. Schlick","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3522298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3522298","url":null,"abstract":"This research study will focus on investigating role fluidity within the workplace, looking specifically at stakeholders such as employees and managers. The study will look at how managers cope with managing individuals, role changes in society and roles within their workplace. In fact, there appears to be a dearth of research within the field and the notion that fluid role enactment can impact how stakeholders can implement and develop flexible strategies, remains ignored. This study aims to conceptualise role fluidity of stakeholders within U.K. telecoms companies, particularly reflecting on market dynamics and the ways in which is communicated as a consequence of role changes in society. We suggest a concept of role fluidity that U.K. telecoms organisations can implement, in order to encourage their stakeholders to manage customer projects in a flexible way. We also provide suggestions as to how to communicate in such a way that these organisations develop innovative and adaptive capacity. The logic behind this research being that the U.K. telecoms industry is saturated, dynamic and adaptive with expected potential for role fluidity in customer projects. In order to answer the research question, we have identified three objectives that we will need to achieve in order to develop a concept and benchmark for role fluidity within the U.K. telecoms industry. The first objective breaks down and identifies the fluid roles that are operating within dynamic markets. The expected outcomes demonstrate patterns of communication. A pilot test identifies how stakeholders utilise emojis within customers projects as a means to reducing their emotional barriers. The second objective examines how stakeholders evaluate their actual versus their desired roles through the use of selfies and emojis. The expected outcomes show the evaluated potential for fluid roles. The third objective conceptualises role fluidity for U.K. telecom stakeholders to encourage innovativeness in their customer operations and management. The expected outcomes are that stakeholders evaluate the concept and industry experts identify benchmark patterns. The outcomes of this research will be extensive in that a new concept and benchmark will be developed. This conceptualisation will assist managing dynamic markets, by exploiting stakeholders’ fluidity at work. This concept will guide stakeholders' fluid approaches, with distinct suggestions as to how to introduce role fluidity. The concept will impact and change stakeholders’ operations, implying new advances in management to empower innovation and adaptiveness. The benchmark will guide telecoms companies and other innovative service providers to introduce role fluidity.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129364769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Enterprise Company in Europe: Policy, Theory and Isomorphism","authors":"J. S. Liptrap","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3523248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3523248","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade or so has witnessed a proliferation in the introduction of corporate organisational constructs to facilitate social enterprise across many European jurisdictions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this phenomenon, and provide an (initial) analytical framework through which the social enterprise company can be understood, both on its own terms and with respect to the traditional business organisation. The paper begins by laying out policymakers’ collective intentions for designing the social enterprise company. From this departure point, the discussion then turns to theorising the social enterprise company’s organisational architecture. The social enterprise company is a hybrid organisational construct, which combines specific legal mechanisms and institutional logics of public, private and social economy organisations together. The social enterprise company is designed to create social value. For this reason it operates according to the principle of publicness. The intention was also for the social enterprise company to be resource flexible and attract altruistic investors and managers. The paper then further extends the theoretical discussion by examining the social enterprise company’s isomorphic prevention mechanisms, which encourage impact fidelity in the context of a conversion or a winding up. The paper concludes with some criticisms and suggestions for improvement.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126956623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a New Taxonomy of Manufacturing Countries","authors":"Livio Romano, Fabrizio Traù","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3648049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3648049","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of this paper is to propose a novel approach to the categorization of manufacturing development, aimed at accounting for the major global transformations that have occurred in the organisation of industrial activity in the last decades. It first addresses the way manufacturing development can be defined in order to provide a measure of the degree of industrialization of different countries, and then suggests a new taxonomy accordingly. Attention is paid to the fact that in the course of time countries can—and usually do—move from one group of manufacturers to another. Moreover, it is shown that cross-country differences in the degree of industrialisation are also mirrored by differences in their institutional features. Results offer some important lessons for industrial policy.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130473922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Community Based Micro Financing Have Very High Recovery Rates, More Efficient Utilization of the Benefits, and Higher Conversion Tendencies of Beneficiary Into Donors: The Mediatory Role of Social Collateral and Gratitude As Emotional Collateral in Community Organizations of Pakistan","authors":"Alamgir Khan, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3510537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3510537","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing role of community welfare organizations as well as NGOs and microfinance institutions in uplifting of poverty. These institutions lately gained financial sustainability as well as immense growth, thereby providing benefits to society from their own resources without relying upon financial support from government. This is mainly due to a very high recovery rate in community-based micro-financing, Efficient Utilization of the Benefits, and higher Conversion tendencies of Beneficiaries into Donors. In this case, it’s a win-win situation for both beneficiaries as well as NGOs in terms of NGOs improving their profile through Minimize risk of defaults, and society benefits from better utilization of the funds. Numerous studies have been conducted on the social and financial impact of community development programs on poor people's lives. The literature so far didn’t explain the psychological impact of these programs. We proposed a theoretical framework linking various religious, cultural, organizational and human factors of the beneficiary, to the efficient utilization of the benefit provided by community or NGO by the beneficiary and their potential conversion from the beneficiary to donor/benefits contributor. Religious factors include a prohibition of interest, group’s Shared believes, spirituality and believing that God would repay the good deeds. This will influence the beneficiary’s pro-social behaviors. Human Factors mainly focused on the sense of responsibility and Psychological attachment towards others. Cultural Factors and Value mainly focused on following societal and collective interests. These include collectivism, Uncertainty avoidance, and pro-social values. And lastly, Community Organization's ethical Image also plays a role in efficient utilization and prompt recovery. These Factors are inculcated in the beneficiary’s mind and motivate him to become donors/givers. The theory also proposed that these factors affect the beneficiary’s performance of the benefits provided by the community or NGO through collaterals. \u0000 \u0000These collaterals could be in the form of: \u00001. Physical i.e. assets taken by the organization to ensure better utilization of loans or benefits. \u00002. Social in terms of peer/community pressure as well as the threat of withdrawal from the community, and \u00003. Emotional collateral in the form an arising the feeling of gratitude and paying back that emerge with someone provide favor to them. \u0000 \u0000These collaterals not only ensure optimal utilization of benefits/loans with extremely high recovery rates but also encourage the beneficiary to convert into donors and providing helping hands to others. To empirically establish its validity, we apply this model to a sample size of 115 respondents that were selected from beneficiaries of three leading organizations by means of a close-ended questionnaire. The data was later analyzed using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis. The results clea","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123623267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schumpeter, Neo-Schumpeterianism, and Stra.Tech.Man Evolution of the Firm","authors":"Dimos Chatzinikolaou, Charis Vlados","doi":"10.5296/ieb.v5i2.16097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ieb.v5i2.16097","url":null,"abstract":"The Schumpeterian way of thinking for the analysis of innovation, as an evolutionary socioeconomic phenomenon, seems to be still of particular usefulness while the fundamental contribution by Nelson and Winter with the “evolutionary theory of economic change” is nowadays one of the most widely cited references in the contexts of “neo-Schumpeterianism.” In a similar evolutionary concern, Vlados (2004) also examines the “dynamics of the triangle of strategy, technology, and management” (Stra.Tech.Man synthesis). The aim of this article is, in particular, to find out to what extent the Stra.Tech.Man approach utilizes and enriches some of the fundamental neo-Schumpeterian contributions by focusing mostly on the evolutionary theory of the firm, the use of evolutionary biology on analyzing socioeconomic phenomena, and the interpretation of structural change into the context of global dynamics. To achieve this goal, we first distinguish some of the criteria/filters that allow for evaluating whether a research contribution can be of neo-Schumpeterian direction. These criteria also help to identify generic concepts of recent neo-Schumpeterian trends in order to formulate a new analytical background based on the Stra.Tech.Man approach.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124960461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Neighbors as Competitors' or 'Neighbors as Partners': How Does Market Segmentation Affect Regional Energy Efficiency in China?","authors":"Li Nie, Zhongxiang Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3575115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3575115","url":null,"abstract":"Existing studies have focused on the negative impact of inefficient resource allocation on energy performance in China’s factor market, but neglected to further explore the underlying reason for this phenomenon from the perspective of market segmentation. In this paper, the epsilon-based measure model, which combines the merits of radial and non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis, is employed to measure the energy efficiency, and price index method derived from Iceberg Transport Cost model is used to examine the degrees of market segmentation. On the basis, we use the Tobit model to empirically investigate the impact of market segmentation on China’s energy efficiency. The results show that although energy efficiency in the eastern region is higher than that in the central and western regions, the energy efficiency gap is narrowing significantly between the eastern and central, but insignificantly between the western and eastern. Although efforts have been made towards a unified national market, the western provinces still have more segmented markets than the eastern still. Econometric analysis indicates that market segmentation is negative to China’s energy efficiency significantly. This finding remains robust even if the endogeneity is excluded and the dependent variable is re-measured by the slack-based measure model, but is of a regional heterogeneity. We also find that factor market distortion, enterprises’ R&D investment, and industrial agglomeration are three mediation mechanisms through which market segmentation affects energy efficiency. In-depth analysis indicates that there is a Race to the Top competition centering on market segmentation among Chinese local officials in geospatial and economic space, which triggers a long-term inhibition to energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":112052,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures eJournal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131359685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}