Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-30DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01869-1
Adriana Boateng-Kuffour, Caitlin S Kelly, Huyen T Nguyen, Nanxin Li, Keval Chandarana, Katherine S Chapman, Liang Chen, Emilee M Cornelius, Wendy A Wolf, Beth Barber, William H Polonsky
{"title":"Quality of Life and Humanistic Burden of Adults with Type 1 Diabetes with Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemic Events and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Using a Continuous Glucose Monitor.","authors":"Adriana Boateng-Kuffour, Caitlin S Kelly, Huyen T Nguyen, Nanxin Li, Keval Chandarana, Katherine S Chapman, Liang Chen, Emilee M Cornelius, Wendy A Wolf, Beth Barber, William H Polonsky","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01869-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01869-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to examine psychosocial well-being, quality of life (QoL), and productivity in people with type 1 diabetes (pwT1D) who were experiencing recurrent severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), despite using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized a cross-sectional, observational design which incorporated an online survey about SHE experiences, diabetes-related complications, psychosocial burden, QoL, and productivity in a sample of adult pwT1D who use CGM in the United States. Participants completed measures of IAH status (modified Gold score ≥ 4 = IAH), diabetes distress (DDS-17), fear of hypoglycemia (HFS-II), QoL (DIDP and EQ-5D-5L), and productivity (DPM). Participants were categorized into two cohorts based on self-reported history of SHEs and IAH: the cohort of recurrent SHE [≥ 2 SHEs in the past 12 months] with IAH, and the cohort of No SHE and No IAH to provide context. Unadjusted comparisons (Welch's t test, Pearson's chi-squared test) were conducted to describe differences across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this US study population of adult CGM users, the recurrent SHE (≥ 2) with IAH cohort included 174 participants, and the No SHE and No IAH cohort included 689 participants. On average, participants with recurrent SHEs and IAH reported 8.6 SHEs in the past year. Compared to those with No SHE and No IAH, those with recurrent SHEs and IAH had a higher psychosocial burden (fear of hypoglycemia and diabetes distress), lower QoL, worse overall health status, and reduced productivity (all p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite using CGM, adults with T1D with recurrent SHEs and IAH experienced lower psychosocial well-being, QoL, and reduced productivity compared to adults with T1D with no SHEs and no IAH, highlighting the unmet need for novel therapies for this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-24DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01868-2
Imran Rashid Rangraze, Mohamed El-Tanani, Andrej Janez, Viviana Maggio, Syed Arman Rabbani, Mojca Jensterle, Ana Munda, Elhadi Eltayeb Abbas, Humam Sami Ali, Mohammad Rashid Farooqi, Mohamed Anas Faruk Patni, Manfredi Rizzo
{"title":"Persistence-Dependent Effectiveness of Tirzepatide on the Cardio-Metabolic-Kidney Syndrome Outcomes in Obesity: Real-World Evidence from the United Arab Emirates.","authors":"Imran Rashid Rangraze, Mohamed El-Tanani, Andrej Janez, Viviana Maggio, Syed Arman Rabbani, Mojca Jensterle, Ana Munda, Elhadi Eltayeb Abbas, Humam Sami Ali, Mohammad Rashid Farooqi, Mohamed Anas Faruk Patni, Manfredi Rizzo","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01868-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01868-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tirzepatide has been associated with significant reductions in body weight in randomized clinical trials. However, real-world evidence evaluating the multisystemic effects of tirzepatide across the cardio-metabolic-kidney (CKM) continuum remains limited. The aim of this study was to assess the real-world persistence-driven cumulative benefits of tirzepatide beyond weight reduction in adults with obesity but without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center observational cohort study evaluated in the United Arab Emirates adults with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) treated with tirzepatide. Participants were stratified by treatment persistence: ≤ 1 year (short-term) and > 1 year (long-term). Anthropometric, glycemic, lipid, hepatic, and renal outcomes were assessed at baseline and follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred participants (25 women; mean age 37.6 ± 10.0 years; baseline BMI 35.0 [33.0-39.0] kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were included. Median weight reduction was - 8.1% in the short-term group and - 22.6% in the long-term group (p < 0.001). 62% of long-term treated individuals achieved > 15% weight loss versus 20% among short-term users. Significant between-group differences were observed in BMI (- 8.3% vs. - 19.1%), waist circumference (- 4.0% vs. - 9.2%), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (- 5.0% vs. - 7.2%). Total cholesterol decreased by - 10.1% vs. - 18.7% (p = 0.005), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by - 9.6% vs. - 30.5% (p < 0.001), and triglycerides by - 11.2% vs. - 32.5% (p < 0.001). Liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) declined by - 11.3% and - 13.2%, respectively, in long term group with no significant improvement in short term group (between-groups p values for both liver enzymes < 0.05). Serum creatinine declined significantly in the long-term group (- 6.6%, p < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increasing by + 3.2% (p = 0.001), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreasing by - 7.8% (p = 0.006) while microalbuminuria showed no meaningful changes. Weight loss correlated with improvements in LDL-C, triglycerides, and SGOT, and inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tirzepatide showed greater cumulative benefits across CKM syndrome outcomes during the second treatment year, highlighting the need to overcome adherence barriers in real-world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-22DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01866-4
Hong Wang, Xiaoya Xie, Guoping Gong, Liuqiang Huang, Zhangui Tang
{"title":"Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Following Heart Transplantation: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Hong Wang, Xiaoya Xie, Guoping Gong, Liuqiang Huang, Zhangui Tang","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01866-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01866-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this new era, heart transplantation (HT) is rapidly gaining popularity worldwide. Patients with end-stage heart disease are often candidates for HT. However, studies have shown that more than 30% of patients who undergo HT have pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with a higher risk of graft failure and death. In this analysis, we aimed to assess the impact of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on clinical outcomes in patients with DM following HT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online databases were searched for relevant publications. The statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan software version 5.4. The clinical outcomes included rejection post-HT, mortality, sepsis, weight reduction, change in body mass index (BMI), change in serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and improvement in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). For dichotomous data, risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to summarize the analysis. However, for continuous data, weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% CI was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies with a total number of 2755 participants were included in this analysis. Our current results showed that rejection risk post HT was significantly lower in the SGLT2 inhibitor group (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.93; P = 0.0001). The mortality risk was not significantly different (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.32-1.29; P = 0.21). Similarly, sepsis following HT was similar in both groups (RR: 1.62, 95% CI: 0.13-20.11; P = 0.71). No significant differences were observed in weight reduction, BMI, change in serum creatinine level, change in eGFR, or improvement in HbA1c following HT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In participants with DM following HT, SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced rejection post transplantation. However, its impact on other important clinical outcomes, including mortality, should be further assessed with more data in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technology in Diabetes: A Year in Review.","authors":"Subhankar Chatterjee, Subhodip Pramanik, Nitin Kapoor, Sanjay Kalra","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01871-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01871-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past year has continued the rapid evolution of diabetes technology across the monitoring, delivery, analytics, and patient-support domains. Improvements in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) accuracy and wear-time options, widening use and regulatory expansion of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, growth in connected insulin pens, maturation of digital therapeutics, and an influx of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven decision support tools have together shifted diabetes care toward tighter, more personalized, and more remote models of management. At the same time, device safety events, persistent affordability and access gaps, and data-interoperability and privacy challenges remind clinicians and policymakers that technology alone is not a panacea. This review summarizes the most important developments from last year (2025), highlights evidence from recent trials and regulatory actions, and discusses implications for practice and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-21DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01872-6
Jiaxun Li, Jizhou Liang, Wei Zhang, Jia He, Xiaofei Ye
{"title":"Integrated Evidence from VigiBase and Clinical Trials: A Comprehensive Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Seven Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs).","authors":"Jiaxun Li, Jizhou Liang, Wei Zhang, Jia He, Xiaofei Ye","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01872-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01872-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are key therapies for type 2 diabetes and obesity, regulating blood glucose by mimicking endogenous GLP-1. Despite efficacy, GLP-1 RAs are associated with adverse reactions across multiple organ systems. To address the gap in class-wide comparative safety analyses beyond previous studies limited to single drugs or organ systems, this study systematically evaluated adverse events for all approved GLP-1 RAs to identify hidden risks and support clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a disproportionality analysis using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase) data up to January 2025. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) were calculated for seven GLP-1 RAs. Signals were considered significant when ROR<sub>025</sub> > 1 and IC<sub>025</sub> > 0. Subgroup analyses were stratified by gender and age. We aimed to synthesize and analyze existing randomized controlled trials (RCT) to validate VigiBase mining results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 348,649 reports, gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequent System Organ Class. Notable signals included tirzepatide with \"abdominal pain\" (ROR<sub>025</sub> = 53.54), liraglutide with \"drug ineffective\" (ROR<sub>025</sub> = 31.14) and \"pancreatitis\" (ROR<sub>025</sub> = 4.24), exenatide with \"injection site pain\" (ROR<sub>025</sub> = 70.14), and albiglutide with \"device use error\" (ROR<sub>025</sub> = 1424.33). Male patients and younger adults (18-44 years) generally showed higher positive reporting rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive safety comparison across all seven approved GLP-1 RAs, confirming known risks and revealing drug-specific signals-such as injection-related issues and paradoxical hyperglycemia. These findings aid personalized treatment strategies and post-marketing surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-15DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01856-6
Nihar R Desai, Silvio E Inzucchi, Eugene E Wright
{"title":"Podcast Episode 2: Heart Failure Management in Patients with Diabetes for Endocrinologists, Primary Care Physicians, and Noncardiologist Clinicians: Focus on SGLT2 Inhibitors.","authors":"Nihar R Desai, Silvio E Inzucchi, Eugene E Wright","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01856-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01856-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure is a major complication of type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes often have to manage multiple comorbid conditions that increase the risk of heart failure, such as hypertension, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, management of cardiovascular risk factors through lifestyle modifications and pharmacological intervention is fundamental to prevent the progression of heart failure in patients with diabetes. Hospitalization is common in patients with heart failure, and hospitalizations represent the largest component of direct medical costs for heart failure. Therapies that reduce the burden of hospitalization for heart failure are greatly needed. In this podcast series of three episodes, a cardiovascular specialist, an endocrinologist, and a primary care physician will provide practical guidance for primary care physicians on optimal identification and management of heart failure in patients with diabetes. In this second episode in the series, we give an overview of the tools available to clinicians to reduce the risk of heart failure progression in patients with early-stage heart failure. This includes the discussion of lifestyle modifications as well as the cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and other medications used at the intersection of diabetes and heart failure. Podcast available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-15DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01857-5
Nihar R Desai, Silvio E Inzucchi, Eugene E Wright
{"title":"Podcast Episode 3: How Can Physicians Work Collaboratively to Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes?","authors":"Nihar R Desai, Silvio E Inzucchi, Eugene E Wright","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01857-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01857-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure is a common and often underappreciated complication of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes frequently have multiple interconnected comorbidities, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, which can culminate in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. Effective management of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes requires a comprehensive, coordinated approach to optimize treatment plans and improve overall patient care. Collaborative care models, involving multidisciplinary teams, can significantly improve patient outcomes by enhancing medication adherence, reducing hospitalizations, and preventing the progression of heart failure. This approach provides holistic care to patients and reduces risk from multiple directions. Costs and insurance coverage issues can limit access to collaborative care; however, digital health interventions, virtual collaboration, and community support can help to overcome these barriers for primary care physicians and patients, especially in rural areas. In this podcast series of three episodes, a cardiovascular specialist, an endocrinologist, and a primary care physician will provide practical guidance for primary care physicians on optimal identification and management of heart failure in patients with diabetes. In this, the third episode, we discuss practical approaches for physicians to work collaboratively to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, leveraging the skills of diabetes care and education specialists, dietitians, advanced practice providers, and others. They highlight the importance of patient education and shared decision-making, alongside therapeutic intervention, in enabling patients to manage their conditions effectively. Podcast available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-15DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01855-7
Nihar R Desai, Silvio E Inzucchi, Eugene E Wright
{"title":"Podcast Episode 1: A Pragmatic Overview of Heart Failure in Patients with Diabetes for Endocrinologists, Primary Care Physicians and Noncardiologist Clinicians.","authors":"Nihar R Desai, Silvio E Inzucchi, Eugene E Wright","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01855-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-026-01855-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure is a growing major public health concern. Total medical costs for heart failure in the USA are expected to rise to more than US $70 billion by 2030, and this is expected to rise as the prevalence of heart failure increases owing to an aging population and the concurrent increase in risk factors for heart failure such as obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Heart failure affects 22% of patients with type 2 diabetes and is frequently the first presentation of cardiovascular disease in these patients. One of the key challenges in heart failure treatment is early detection and diagnosis. Heart failure can present similarly to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is often misdiagnosed. Late diagnosis of heart failure can lead to delays in treatment initiation and poor patient outcomes. Clinicians other than specialist cardiologists, particularly endocrinologists and primary care physicians in the case of patients with diabetes, can play a key role in the early detection and diagnosis of heart failure. In this podcast series of three episodes, a cardiovascular specialist, an endocrinologist, and a primary care physician will provide practical guidance for primary care physicians on optimal identification and management of heart failure in patients with diabetes. In the first episode, we give a pragmatic overview of heart failure and practical guidance on how clinicians can identify patients most at risk of developing heart failure, tips for early detection and screening, and ultimately, how to prevent progression of heart failure in these patients. Podcast available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-28DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01847-7
Saikrishna Kandalam, Malik Benamar, Corinne Le Reun, Lauren Rengger, Palvi Gupta, Sunita Nair
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly IcoSema Versus Once-Daily IDegLira in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis.","authors":"Saikrishna Kandalam, Malik Benamar, Corinne Le Reun, Lauren Rengger, Palvi Gupta, Sunita Nair","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01847-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-026-01847-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), combination therapy with a basal insulin and a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) can improve glycaemic control, lower hypoglycaemia risk, and improve adherence. IcoSema is the first once-weekly combination of basal insulin and GLP-1 RA in a single injection. To compare once-weekly IcoSema and once-daily IDegLira for the management of T2D in the absence of head-to-head trials, we performed a network meta-analysis (NMA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted in November 2023, updated in August 2025, to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of people with T2D, investigating basal insulin and GLP-1 RA combination therapies. Data were extracted for change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>), body weight, systolic blood pressure, end-of-treatment basal insulin dose, rate ratio (RR) of clinically significant or severe hypoglycaemia and discontinuation due to adverse events (DDAEs). The NMA scope included multinational RCTs with evidence at 52 ± 4 weeks. Fixed and random effects Bayesian NMAs were fitted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 52 weeks, compared with IDegLira, IcoSema was associated with significantly greater HbA<sub>1c</sub> reduction (- 0.4%; 95% credible interval [CrI] - 0.56, - 0.24), significantly greater body weight reduction (- 3.2 kg; 95% CrI - 3.91, - 2.5), significantly lower daily insulin dose (- 9 units/day; 95% CrI - 13, - 5) and significantly lower rates of clinically significant or severe hypoglycaemia (RR 0.35; 95% CrI 0.26, 0.46). There was no difference in the odds of DDAEs. No 52 ± 4-week IGlarLixi trials were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that once-weekly IcoSema is an efficacious treatment option for adults with T2D requiring insulin intensification. IcoSema was associated with improved glycaemic control, weight reduction, and lower hypoglycaemia risk compared with once-daily IDegLira, as well as a reduction in insulin and injection requirements. Weekly IcoSema offers the potential to reduce treatment burden and increase adherence, thereby improving long-term disease control and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"547-561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes TherapyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-10DOI: 10.1007/s13300-026-01845-9
Ciara Coveney, Shauna Callaghan, Eimear Rutter, Catherine Chambers, Joy Adekanmbi, Hannah Rooney, Ricardo Segurado, Mary F Higgins, Mensud Hatunic
{"title":"Implementation of a Gestational Diabetes Virtual Care Clinic: A Before-After Comparative Study.","authors":"Ciara Coveney, Shauna Callaghan, Eimear Rutter, Catherine Chambers, Joy Adekanmbi, Hannah Rooney, Ricardo Segurado, Mary F Higgins, Mensud Hatunic","doi":"10.1007/s13300-026-01845-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13300-026-01845-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common diagnosis during pregnancy and has a substantial effect on maternal and fetal morbidity. Advancements in healthcare technology, such as Bluetooth-enabled glucometers, telemedicine, and virtual clinics, have emerged as efficient tools for GDM management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of clinical outcomes in women with GDM across two time points (January-June 2019 and January-June 2021) following the introduction of a virtual care pathway in a tertiary referral maternity hospital. Demographic, GDM management and birth outcomes data were collected anonymously from electronic hospital records and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 583 patients were included, 2019 (n = 227) and 2021 (n = 356). We found higher rates of attendance at GDM education via the virtual platform (99.4% vs 95.6%, p < 0.01), faster access to GDM care and initiation of treatment (p < 0.001) in 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shows higher rates of attendance at our virtual GDM education pathway led to a faster initiation of pharmacological therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11192,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Therapy","volume":" ","pages":"563-570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}