Dental and Medical Problems最新文献

{"title":"Global misconception in periodontal diagnosis among clinicians.","authors":"Gustavo Vicentis de Oliveira Fernandes, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, Georgios Evangelos Romanos","doi":"10.17219/dmp/215135","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/215135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate periodontal diagnosis is the cornerstone of effective treatment planning and disease management; however, the clinical application of diagnostic criteria often remains inconsistent. Despite the availability of established international guidelines, dental professionals frequently encounter difficulties in clinical judgment, radiographic assessment and the interpretation of diagnostic parameters. Understanding global patterns of these diagnostic errors across regions and professional groups is crucial for identifying gaps in dental education and improving evidence-based periodontal care worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to develop a 5-item questionnaire assessing basic periodontal knowledge among dentists, dental students, dental hygienists, and specialists in periodontics worldwide, as well as to understand global patterns and clinical standards.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 3,328 professionals from over 60 countries were invited to participate in the questionnaire between September 1 and October 23, 2025. The invitees received e-mails with a link to access the survey. The questions were developed to assess basic periodontal knowledge, such as diagnostic parameters in periodontology, probing and its significance, evidence-based questions, and radiographic assessment. The data was weighted and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 543 participants from 46 countries completed the questionnaire (response rate: 16.32%), comprising 266 specialists in periodontics/dental hygienists (S-DHs) and 277 dentists/dental students (D-Ds). Overall, the first group demonstrated superior performance across most questions. The error rates varied markedly across continents. Despite this geographic variation, continents displayed similar internal patterns of errors, as shown by positive intercontinental correlations across most questions. Conversely, question 3 - addressing the balance between clinical judgment and evidence-based guidelines - demonstrated weak or negative correlations with the remaining items, behaving as an independent construct. The observed patterns demonstrated that diagnostic errors cluster within a largely cohesive technical domain, while judgment-based decision-making forms a distinct dimension of performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This global analysis revealed substantial differences in periodontal diagnostic performance across continents, countries and professional groups. However, the errors followed a consistent and structured pattern. Specialists and dental hygienists outperformed general dentists and students, especially in the more interpretive questions. The findings suggest that improving periodontal diagnostic accuracy worldwide will require coordinated efforts to strengthen technical calibration and promote consistent use of modern diagnostic guidelines, especially in lower-performing reg","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":"551-565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence of orofacial pain associated with myofascial, temporomandibular joint, cranial nerve, and dentoalveolar disorders: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Grzegorz Zieliński, Michał Ginszt, Agata Ginszt, Marcin Wójcicki, Monika Litko-Rola, Mieszko Więckiewicz","doi":"10.17219/dmp/214271","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/214271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orofacial pain, particularly when chronic and unrelated to dental pathology, presents a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. To address these issues, the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), the first comprehensive international classification of orofacial pain, was published in 2020.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the global prevalence of orofacial pain of different origin in accordance with the ICOP classification.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic search of MEDLINE and Scopus was conducted for observational studies published between 2004 and 2024. Although data were initially intended to be classified according to the ICOP categories, the available studies did not permit the direct application of this classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence estimates were as follows: myofascial orofacial pain - 20.60% (95% CI: 9.71-38.50; 5 studies, 3,395 observations); myofascial pain combined with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain - 11.95% (95% CI: 8.85-15.96; 31 studies, 522,056 observations); TMJ pain alone - 9.51% (95% CI: 6.01-14.73; 13 studies, 21,407 observations); orofacial pain attributed to dentoalveolar and related structures - 27.46% (95% CI: 22.83-32.63; 66 studies, 548,782 observations); and orofacial pain due to cranial nerve lesions or diseases - 7.98% (95% CI: 3.28-18.18; 2 studies, 9,735 observations).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the global population, the prevalence of myofascial orofacial pain is estimated at 21%. The prevalence of myofascial orofacial pain combined with TMJ pain is reported to be 12%. The prevalence of TMJ pain alone is estimated at 10%. The prevalence of orofacial pain attributed to the disorders of dentoalveolar and anatomically related structures is 27%. The prevalence of orofacial pain attributed to the lesions or diseases of the cranial nerves is 8%. The findings of this study should be interpreted with caution due to the substantial methodological heterogeneity observed across the included studies. This variability underscores the importance of establishing standardized criteria and reporting guidelines for orofacial pain in scientific research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"695-705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quorum sensing in chosen oral bacteria: A narrative review.","authors":"Karol Mikołajczyk, Aleksandra Banaszczyk, Magdalena Frej-Mądrzak","doi":"10.17219/dmp/193204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/193204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism enabling bacteria to inhabit countless habitats. Its role is mainly associated with the economization of gene expression, but also with gene transfers and biofilm development. There are 3 main QS patterns found in bacteria. This study examines intrabacterial communication mechanisms and interactions between 3 key oral bacteria: Streptococcus mutans; Staphylococcus aureus; and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive bacterium, contributes to dental caries by forming robust biofilms via extracellular polysaccharides and QS. Contrastingly, P. gingivalis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is implicated in chronic periodontitis through its virulence factors like gingipains, and its role in dysbiotic biofilms. Both species adapt to oral cavity conditions and influence the host's immune response. Understanding QS in S. aureus is crucial due to its high prevalence among the general population and healthcare professionals, along with the commonness of antibiotic-resistant strains. The cited research on its accessory gene regulator (agr) system demonstartes its role in the high tolerance of S. aureus to environmental stress. Recognizing these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to manage oral health and tackle periodontal diseases. This research highlights the importance of bacterial biofilm, intra- and inter-species communication, and the adaptive strategies of these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"813-824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skill acquisition in Dentistry degree during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.","authors":"Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez, Jesús Miguel Ticona-Flores, Guillermo Reichard-Monefeldt, Fanny Esther Tapia-Sierra, Maria Rosa Mourelle-Martínez, Laura Burgueño-Torres","doi":"10.17219/dmp/193124","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/193124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The acquisition of dental skills during the final year of the Dentistry degree is primarily based on clinical training, which was severely disrupted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the degree of acquisition of specific skills in the Integrated Dental Clinic course based on students' perceptions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 84 dental students were included in the study. Online forms were administered to evaluate students' perception of competency acquisition in professionalism, communication, basic knowledge, information management, critical thinking, collection of clinical information, diagnosis, treatment, health establishment, health maintenance, and health promotion. The questionnaires were sent before and after the declaration of the COVID-19 state of alarm in Spain. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software, v. 4.1.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest percentage of students reporting high levels of perceived competency acquisition corresponded to health promotion (72.37%), professionalism (52.86%) and ability to collect clinical information (52.34%). Statistically significant improvements in perceived skill acquisition between the beginning and the end of the course were observed for professionalism, collection of clinical information, diagnosis, treatment, health establishment, health maintenance, and health promotion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the disruptions caused by the pandemic, fifth-year dental students perceived that they had successfully acquired specific skills by the end of the academic course, particularly professional skills, ability to collect clinical information, ability to diagnose and treat, ability to establish and maintain health, as well as health promotion skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"629-640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between sleep bruxism and saliva: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Deshui Li, Hui Chen, Jingyuan Li, Fulan Wei","doi":"10.17219/dmp/212535","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/212535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep bruxism (SB) is defined as rhythmic masticatory muscle activity occurring during sleep. Evidence suggests that SB may be associated with alterations in salivary function; however, findings remain inconsistent across age groups. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between SB and salivary flow and composition. A systematic search of PubMed®, Embase® and Web of Science was conducted to identify human studies reporting SB and saliva-related parameters. Twenty studies involving 4,543 participants were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS-2), and certainty of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. In pediatric populations, SB was frequently associated with sleep drooling, with a pooled prevalence of 77.4% and a significant association between SB and drooling (odds ratio (OR): 2.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53-5.42; I2 = 91%). In adults, 2 studies reported inconsistent findings regarding objectively measured salivary flow, and 1 study found an association with subjective xerostomia. A meta-analysis of 4 studies indicated elevated salivary cortisol in participants with SB (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.86, 95% CI: 0.44-1.29), although studies using polysomnography for SB diagnosis found no significant differences. Results for chromogranin A (CgA) and α-amylase were heterogeneous. Overall, the available evidence, which was of very low certainty, suggests that SB is associated with hypersalivation in pediatric populations and with subjective oral dryness in adults, whereas associations with salivary biomarkers remain inconclusive. Future studies using standardized, age-specific protocols that combine objective SB diagnostic methods with controlled saliva sampling are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and inform clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"735-747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of multiple gingival recessions, using the modified coronally advanced tunnel technique and subepithelial connective tissue graft with or without 24% EDTA root conditioning: 3- and 5-year outcomes of a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Nela Molga-Chlipała, Bartłomiej Górski, Kacper Nijakowski, Darco Bozic","doi":"10.17219/dmp/216999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/216999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gingival recession (GR) represents a highly common mucogingival condition in the permanent dentition in the general population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this randomized, split-mouth clinical trial was to assess the 3- and 5-year results of the treatment of multiple GRs through modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with or without 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) root conditioning.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty patients with 142 GRs received both test and control treatment (72 test sites: MCAT+SCTG+EDTA, and 70 control sites: MCAT+SCTG). Two patients were lost to follow-up before the 3-year mark; therefore, a total of 125 GRs were analyzed in 18 subjects. The mean and complete root coverage (MRC, CRC), gain in the clinical attachment level (CAL), gain in keratinized tissue width (KTW), gain in gingival thickness (GT), the root esthetic coverage score (RES), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All parameters showed significant improvement in both groups as compared with baseline. There were no statistically significant differences between 3 and 5 years within the groups except for GT, or between the groups at either time point. In the test group, MRC was 95.8% at 3 years and 94.2% at 5 years, with CRC obtained in 87.3% and 84.1% of GRs, respectively. In the control group, MRC was 92.6% at 3 years and 90.6% at 5 years, and CRC was achieved in 82.3% and 80.7% of GRs, respectively. Both groups achieved high RES: 9.0 and 8.9 for the MCAT+SCTG+EDTA and MCAT+SCTG sites after 3 years, and 9.1 and 9.0 after 5 years, respectively. After 5 years, the mean gingival recession height (GRH) decreased from 2.3 ±1.0 mm to 0.2 ±0.5 mm in the test group, and from 2.5 ±1.1 mm to 0.2 ±0.5 mm in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Root surface conditioning with 24% EDTA did not contribute to the outcomes of MCAT+SCTG - 3 and 5 years postoperatively. Thus, its application in clinical practice is not justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating pheophorbide-a as a photosensitizer in oral cancer photodynamic therapy: A systematic review.","authors":"Rafał Wiench, Jakub Fiegler-Rudol, Barbara Lipka, Sylwia Wójcik, Marta Bort, Martin Starosta, Won-Pyo Lee, Krzysztof Dowgierd, Tadeusz Morawiec","doi":"10.17219/dmp/216779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/216779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is commonly treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which often cause significant morbidity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative. Pheophorbide-a (Pa), a second-generation photosensitizer, shows promise, but has not been critically reviewed in oral malignancies. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate preclinical evidence on the mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety of Pa-mediated PDT (Pa-PDT) in oral oncology.A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted in line with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251066127). Eligible studies included in vitro or in vivo models using Pa-PDT in oral malignancies. Data on therapeutic outcomes, the mechanisms of action, and study quality was extracted and analyzed. Nine studies were included. Pheophorbide-a-induced photodynamic therapy consistently induced apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction. It also overcame multidrug resistance by downregulating HOXC6 and MDR1. Conjugation with targeting peptides, nanocarriers and immune checkpoint inhibitors enhanced selectivity and cytotoxicity.Pheophorbide-a demonstrated favorable photophysical properties, including strong red-light absorption (664-675nm), high singlet oxygen yield and minimal dark toxicity. Evidence was limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous protocols and the absence of human trials. Pheophorbide-a-induced photodynamic therapy shows antitumor activity in preclinical OSCC models, supporting further preclinical development and carefully designed early-phase trials. Translation should proceed only within early-phase trials that directly benchmark Pa against the approved photosensitizers, using standardized protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of neem and myrrh extracts against Enterococcus faecalis in dentin specimens.","authors":"Shimaa Rifaat, Hatem Mustafa Abuohashish, Rabab Alsaleh, Maha Alqahtani, Noor Aloraifi, Jood Aljarbaua, Abdullah Albeladi, Youmna Almajed, Faisal Alharamlah, Doaa Aleraky","doi":"10.17219/dmp/197325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/197325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterococcus faecalis is a primary oral pathogen responsible for root canal treatment failures. The clinical use of conventional root canal disinfectants may be associated with cytotoxicity and other unfavorable effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess and compare the antimicrobial effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Commiphora molmol (myrrh) extracts against E. faecalis biofilm in dentin samples.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of neem and myrrh extracts against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) were determined. Human dentin discs were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The antibiofilm activities of neem and myrrh extracts were compared using colony forming unit (CFU) assays, cell proliferation assays and live/dead fluorescence microscopy. A 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) were used as standard disinfectants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIC values for the neem and myrrh extracts were 0.0312 mg/mL and 0.0156 mg/mL, respectively, while the MBC values were 0.0625 mg/mL and 0.0312 mg/mL, respectively. The CFU assay revealed a significant decrease in bacterial counts in the neem and myrrh groups. Similarly, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays demonstrated decreased bacterial viability in the neem and myrrh groups compared with the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group. Furthermore, live/dead fluorescence microscopy confirmed the antibacterial effects of both extracts against E. faecalis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Myrrh and neem extracts showed promising antimicrobial potential as root canal disinfectants. These natural agents may serve as effective alternatives to conventional chemical endodontic irrigants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis associated with the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Mairely Nicole Bocanegra-Baez, Angel Steven Asmat-Abanto, Edwin Sanandres Jiménez, Jhonny Orlando Aguilar-Principe, Carlos Alberto Minchón-Medina","doi":"10.17219/dmp/186292","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/186292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that has been linked to the progression of periodontitis, negatively affecting patients' quality of life. Further studies are required to determine the correlation between these conditions and to support the incorporation of periodontal control in patients with SLE.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the association between periodontitis and the diagnosis of SLE in adult female patients in Peru attending outpatient rheumatology consultations.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2023 and included 342 patients from the Department of Rheumatology of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Trujillo, Peru, and Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital, Trujillo, Peru. Intraand inter-rater calibration for the clinical measurement of periodontitis yielded a κ value of 0.846 in both cases. The rheumatology specialist established the diagnosis of SLE. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the results, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No association was found between periodontitis and SLE (p = 0.453). However, correlations were noted between periodontitis and patients aged 27-59 years (p = 0.006), smoking (p = 0.035), systemic medication use (p < 0.001), arterial hypertension (p = 0.018), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No association was established between periodontitis and SLE. However, correlations were observed between periodontitis and SLE in specific subgroups, including patients aged 27-59 years, nonsmokers, and those without hypertension or diabetes. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of periodontitis was noted in older patients, smokers, those receiving systemic medication for SLE, and patients with hypertension or T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 2","pages":"303-309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological evaluation of gelatin-based hemostatic agents - cytocompatibility and irritation assessment.","authors":"Maria Guerra Gomes, Liliana Grenho, Maria Helena Fernandes, Pedro Sousa Gomes, Bruno Colaço","doi":"10.17219/dmp/185757","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/185757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effective management of hemostasis is essential in surgical practice. Topical hemostatic agents become indispensable when conventional methods are insufficient or impractical. However, the wide range of commercially available products with similar compositional bases presents clinicians with numerous choices and potentially variable performance profiles. Notably, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has comprehensively compared the biological functionality of these commercially available materials. Addressing this knowledge gap is essential for improving the precision and effectiveness of hemostatic interventions, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes and advancing healthcare practice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the biological response to clinically available gelatin-based hemostatic agents, namely Hemospon®, Clinix®, Gelatamp®, and Octocolagen®. The evaluation encompassed in vitro studies to characterize the response of human fibroblasts upon exposure, together with an in vivo irritation assessment using the hen's egg test - chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of their biological effects.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Human fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to the leachables extracted from the hemostatic agents, prepared according to the ISO 10993-12:2021 guidelines, at concentrations of 50%, 25% and 12.5%. The cultures were characterized in terms of cellular viability (the live/dead assay and flow cytometry) and metabolic activity at multiple time points. In addition, irritation potential was evaluated using the HET-CAM assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis revealed that the fibroblast cultures exposed to the leachables from the 4 hemostatic sponges proliferated actively throughout the culture period, with minimal evidence of cell death or significant impairment of metabolic activity. Furthermore, no irritant effects were observed in the HET-CAM assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, despite minor variations in the biological response, the comprehensive analysis supports the overall biocompatibility of commercially available gelatin-based hemostatic sponges. These findings advance the current understanding of the biological safety of these materials, further reinforcing their clinical suitability and highlighting their potential to improve surgical healing outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 2","pages":"431-439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}