Dental and Medical Problems最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of silymarin on calprotectin and S100A12/EN-RAGE in chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.","authors":"Aysar Amer Hameed, Taghreed Altaei, Raad Alani","doi":"10.17219/dmp/186085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/186085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral mucositis (OM) is an oral complication of chemotherapy with agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Silymarin (SM) has been utilized therapeutically as a cytoprotective medication.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of SM as a mucoprotective agent in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) induced by 5-FU, and to assess calprotectin (CP) and S100A12/EN-RAGE levels as novel biomarkers for the evaluation of mucositis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifty Wistar albino rats of both sexes were divided randomly into 5 groups. Three groups were treated with different doses of SM (2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg) for 10 days. Subsequently, the animals from groups I-III received intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU (60 mg/kg) on days 11-14. The 4th group was treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control for 10 days, followed by 2 doses of 5-FU, and the 5th group served as a second control and received 5-FU only. The buccal mucosa of the animals was gently injured with a 0.8-mm orthodontic wire (2×6 strokes) under anesthesia. The efficacy of SM treatment on CP and S100A12/EN-RAGE levels in CIOM was evaluated. Macroscopic and histopathological findings were analyzed, and the correlation coefficients between the studied parameters were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated a significant protective effect of SM in chemotherapy-induced buccal mucositis in a dose-dependent manner. Mucositis ulceration was not observed, in contrast to severe OM lesions noted in the control groups. Analysis using a 95% confidence interval (CI) showed highly significant differences between the groups regarding the levels of CP and S100A12/EN-RAGE, as well as very strong correlations with OM ulcers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the macroscopic and histopathological appearance, the study confirmed the dose-dependent protective efficacy of SM treatment in CIOM. In addition, the findings suggest a novel mucoprotective mechanism of SM mediated through its effects on CP and S100A12/EN-RAGE levels. A very strong positive correlation was found between plasma CP and S100A12/EN-RAGE levels and the presence of OM ulcers, suggesting that these biomarkers may be useful in the clinical assessment of CIOM.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"597-606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148396231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of oral health and the impact of regular physical activity on selected salivary parameters in young athletes in relation to the sport-specific environment.","authors":"Iwona Grzesiak-Gasek, Katarzyna Dębska-Łasut, Kamil Michalik, Marek Popowczak, Jarosław Domaradzki","doi":"10.17219/dmp/187969","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/187969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor oral health is correlated with participation in various sports and has a significant impact on athletes' quality of life (QoL).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate oral health and selected salivary parameters in young athletes in relation to the environment of the performed sport.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty adolescents aged 12-15 years (mean age: 13.0 ±0.5 years), including 30 competitive swimmers and 30 competitive basketball players, participated in the study. The following indices were calculated: the number of teeth affected by caries - decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT); and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Saliva samples were collected from all subjects before and after the training. The saliva flow rate (V), pH, buffer capacity, and calcium (Ca) level, as well as salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and salivary peroxidase (sPO) concentrations, were measured. In addition, the athletes rated the intensity of the training session using Foster's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 0-10 scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean DMFT score was 4.53 ±3.54 in the swimmers and 3.43 ±2.45 in the basketball players. The mean OHI-S score in the swimmers was 0.73 ±0.58, which was significantly higher than in the case of the basketball players (0.34 ±0.37). Some fluctuations in the salivary parameters were noticed in the swimmers vs. the basketball players, which was related to the type of training. When comparing the swimmers with the basketball players after the training, a significantly lower Ca level was observed in the latter group. However, when comparing post-training changes in the salivary parameters with regard to the pre-training values, significant decreases in V and increases in pH were observed in both groups. After the training, significant increases in the Ca level and the sAA concentration were found in the swimmers. The average RPE score was 4.96 ±2.16 in the swimmers vs. 5.13 ±2.02 in the basketball players. Most swimmers perceived the training as 'somewhat hard' or 'hard', and so did the basketball players.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the data showed no significant differences in DMFT between the groups, the basketball players presented significantly better oral hygiene in comparison with the swimmers. The data suggests that the salivary V and pH, and the levels of Ca and sAA are associated with the swimming training session, whereas V and pH are also associated with the basketball training session. The regression model showed that the sAA concentration could be a predictor of OHl-S, and that the salivary V, pH, buffer capacity, and Ca level could be predictors of the effort rating among swimmers. Also, pH could be a predictor of DMFT in basketball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":" ","pages":"641-653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical and horizontal dispersion of reference points and the reliability of the ANB, Wits, Tau, Yen, Sar, and W measurements: A repeatability study.","authors":"Jacek Kotuła, Krzysztof Kotuła, Anna Ewa Kuc, Małgorzata Kotarska, Joanna Lis, Beata Kawala, Michał Sarul, Tomasz Kulczyk","doi":"10.17219/dmp/217233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/217233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various parameters are used in cephalometric diagnosis to assess the sagittal discrepancy of the maxillary bases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the role of the horizontal and vertical dispersion of anthropometric landmarks used for plotting, and to assess the reliability of the selected cephalometric parameters.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The material consisted of 24 randomly selected cephalometric radiographs. They were analyzed twice, 7 days apart, by 15 orthodontists. The horizontal and vertical dispersion (x, y) of individual anthropometric landmarks was assessed using the mean reference value, and the reliability of individual landmarks and measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(2.1)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ICC(2.1) for each landmark ranged from 0.9907 to 0.9998. The ICC(2.1) for individual sagittal discrepancy measurements averaged 0.9370 to 0.9842. The highest reliability was achieved for the ANB, W, Sar, Wits, Tau, and Yen measurements, respectively. The obtained results indicate excellent reliability in determining landmarks. The measurements of the selected parameters assessing the sagittal incongruence relationship between the maxilla and the mandible also demonstrated excellent reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>s The highest reliability in assessing the sagittal relationship between the maxilla and the mandible continues to be demonstrated by the ANB angle. The high and comparable values of the Sar, W, Tau, and Yen angles indicate the possibility of using these parameters interchangeably or complementarily in diagnosis and treatment planning, especially in borderline cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"825-831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain analysis in posterior implant-supported fixed dental prostheses - cemented compared to screwed: An in vitro study.","authors":"Sarit Naishlos, Joseph Nissan, Asaf Shely, Gil Ben-Izhack, Liat Chaushu, Ofir Rosner","doi":"10.17219/dmp/193568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/193568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on the etiology of excessive strain at the implant neck, which may be associated with technical and biological complications, is still lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This in vitro study aimed to compare strain development at the implant neck between cementretained and screw-retained implant-supported fixed restorations, as well as among 3 prosthesis designs, using strain gauge analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Six prosthetic configurations were fabricated and divided according to their retention mechanism: single crowns - cement-retained and screw-retained (SC-c and SC-s, respectively); splinted restorations - cement-retained and screw-retained (SP-c and SP-s, respectively); and simple threeunit bridges - cement-retained and screw-retained (SB-c and SB-s, respectively). Two strain gauges were attached to the implant necks. A vertical load of 200 N was applied simultaneously at 3 identical loading points on each restoration. Strain measurements were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Scheffé's post hoc contrast analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cement-retained restorations transferred significantly less cervical strain to the implant neck than screw-retained restorations in all 3 prosthetic configurations tested (p < 0.001; SC-c < SC-s; SP-c < SP-s; and SB-c < SB-s). Single crowns transferred significantly less strain to the implant neck than the other restoration designs in both cement-retained and screw-retained groups (p < 0.001; SC-c < SP-c and SB-c; SC-s < SP-s and SB-s).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of cement-retained implant-supported fixed prostheses results in less strain development at the implant neck when subjected to high occlusal loads as compared to screw-retained prostheses. Splinting the adjacent implant-supported restorations does not necessarily reduce strain at the implant neck.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"685-693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral lichen planus affecting the gingiva is associated with an increased incidence of aggressive periodontal pathogens: A comparative study.","authors":"Veronika Liskova, Jan Liska, Nikoleta Molnarova, Ondrej Topolcan, Petr Posta, Lukas Hauer","doi":"10.17219/dmp/207667","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/207667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic inflammation in the oral cavity has a negative effect on the course of chronic mucosal lesions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to compare the volume and proportional presence of aggressive periodontal pathogens in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) accompanied by desquamative gingivitis (DG) vs. those with OLP without gingival involvement. All patients in the cohort were also diagnosed with moderate chronic periodontitis. The observed differences may help explain the higher risk associated with gingival involvement in OLP.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The presence of periodontal pathogens was evaluated in 50 biopsy-confirmed OLP with DG cases and 50 OLP cases without gingival manifestations. All participants presented with chronic periodontitis of comparable severity (moderate: periodontal pocket depth (PPD) up to 6 mm). Aggressive periodontal pathogens were identified and quantified using DNA testing (VariOr®-Dento). The periodontal status was assessed using orthopantomography (OPG) or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), in combination with the clinical examination of periodontal pockets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison with the non-gingival OLP cases, the OLP cases with gingival involvement exhibited a significantly higher proportional presence of aggressive periodontal pathogens (p = 0.0009) and a higher bacterial load (n/μL; p = 0.001). Desquamative gingivitis associated with OLP was also linked to an increased risk of subsequent periodontal resorption. Given the unstable chronic inflammatory environment, careful monitoring of periodontal tissues in OLP cases appears to be essential, as persistent inflammation may contribute to an elevated risk of malignant transformation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate a significant difference in the presence of aggressive periodontal pathogens between OLP cases with and without gingival involvement. The median pathogen volume in the OLP with DG cases was over 7.4 times higher. Chronic inflammation and bacterial by-products may act as cofactors in the development of dysplasia and the malignant transformation of oral lichen with dysplasia (OLD), which may present clinically as DG.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"607-615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital recognition of color alteration in gingiva using a convolutional neural network.","authors":"Ali Raad Abdulazeez, Hashim Mueen Hussein, Mahmood Ali Jumaah, Athraa Ali Mahmood","doi":"10.17219/dmp/191092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/191092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gingivitis is a common condition in individuals with inadequate oral hygiene. Although dental indices are widely used to assess periodontal status and educate patients, digital technologies have recently been incorporated into this field.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to provide an objective digital method to resolve the ambiguity between the first two scores of the gingival index (GI): absence of color alteration (score 0); and presence of color alteration in the gingiva (score 1), by designing a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm capable of detecting gingival color changes with high accuracy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 10 CNN models were developed and trained to distinguish between normal and abnormal gingival color. A total of 6,660 augmented, pre-classified frontalview images of the patients' gingiva were included. The dataset was divided into a training set (4,640 images; 70%) to train the CNN models and a test set (2,020 images; 30%) to test them. All images were previously classified by periodontists as representing either normal (0) or abnormal (1) gingival color. During training, the CNN models learned to classify gingival color based on these reference labels. Model performance was subsequently evaluated in the test phase by comparing the models' predictions with the reference diagnoses provided by periodontists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To evaluate inter-rater reliability, model performance was examined using Cohen's kappa coefficient and classification accuracy relative to the reference diagnoses established by the periodontists. Model 4 demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability (κ = 1.00) and achieved 99.9% accuracy, followed by Model 8 (99.7%) and Model 5 (99.3%). Models 7 and 3 showed lower accuracies of 81.1% and 88.1%, respectively. All models demonstrated statistically significant agreement with the reference diagnoses (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differentiation between GI scores of 0 and 1 using CNNs provides an objective method for detecting gingival color alterations. This approach has potential for improving patients' awareness of periodontal health, enhancing motivation to maintain oral hygiene, and encouraging dental visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"655-665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of post-and-core assembly failures: An extensive compilation of 33 years of data.","authors":"Gayathri Krishnamoorthy, Aparna Narayana, Dhanasekar Balkrishanan","doi":"10.17219/dmp/193891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/193891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past 2 decades, a wide range of post-and-core materials has been developed to restore endodontically treated teeth (ETT) with extensive loss of coronal tooth structure. Although the prognosis and long-term success of ETT are influenced by multiple factors, most research has focused on post-and-core materials, the ferrule effect and luting agents. However, a classification of failures associated with post-and-core assemblies is currently lacking. This study aimed to identify and classify post-and-core assembly failures.A literature search was conducted using the terms \"post and core\" and \"dental post and core\" in the title and abstract. Articles published in English between 1991 and 2024 were retrieved from the PubMed®, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases. Of the 491 articles identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria and were used to develop the proposed classification.Based on the available evidence, post-and-core assembly failures can be classified into 2 categories: catastrophic and non-catastrophic failures. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive classification of post-and-core assembly failures derived from evidence spanning 33 years of published literature. The proposed classification provides a standardized framework for identifying and reporting failures and may facilitate clinical decision-making, laboratory communication and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"771-778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can adhesive cementation improve the strength of glass-ceramics by filling surface defects?","authors":"Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva, Alex Zonneveld, Yuqing Lu, Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan, João Paulo Mendes Tribst","doi":"10.17219/dmp/203343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/203343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The susceptibility of glass-ceramics to surface defects can weaken their mechanical performance.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cementation on the load-to-failure of 2 glass-ceramic materials in the presence and absence of an induced surface defect.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Bars of lithium disilicate - LD (Initial LiSi Block; GC Dental) and feldspathic - F (VITA Mark II; VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter) ceramics, as well as a dentin analog, were prepared for cementation. The ceramic specimens were assigned to 5 groups: untreated (no cementation); indented (I); cemented (C); indented and cemented with defect filling (CI); and indented and cemented without defect filling (CIN). Flexural strength was measured for the non-cemented specimens, whereas the load-to-failure was evaluated for all cemented groups, using the ball-in-hole test on bar specimens (1 × 1 × 12 mm). Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed for the groups without induced defects. Data was analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among the groups for both materials (p < 0.001). For LD, the load-to-failure values were: LDC (16.7 ±2.9 N)A > LD (14.6 ±2.6 N)B = LDCI (13.9 ±3.0 N)B > LDCIN (10.5 ±1.7 N)C > LDI (6.9 ±1.4 N)D. For F, the values were: FC (13.7 ±3.7 N)A = FCIN (13.1 ±3.3 N)A = FCI (11.8 ±3.3 N)A > F (8.1 ±1.3 N)B > FI (5.1 ±0.4 N)C. Indentation significantly reduced the flexural strength of the non-cemented ceramics (p < 0.001). Finite element analysis showed that cementation reduced the maximum principal tensile stress by 44% for LD and by 62% for F.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Filling surface defects with cement increased the load-to-failure of LD, but did not significantly affect F. Overall, the mechanical performance of both glass-ceramics was influenced by the cementation process, whereas the effect of defect filling was material dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"677-683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulinum toxin injections into masticatory muscles: A brief review on applications in dental occlusion management for orthognathic surgery and facial fractures.","authors":"Matteo Val, Mirko Ragazzo, Gabriele Monarchi, Margherita Gobbo, Sara Marangoni, Luca Guarda-Nardini","doi":"10.17219/dmp/216146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/216146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthognathic and maxillofacial trauma surgeries are often challenged by postoperative instability resulting from persistent masticatory muscle forces acting on the repositioned bone segments. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been proposed as an adjunctive intervention to transiently reduce these forces and enhance surgical stability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the adjunctive role of BTX-A in orthognathic and maxillofacial trauma surgery, with particular emphasis on its potential to reduce postoperative masticatory muscle forces, thereby enhancing skeletal stability and optimizing healing. The review summarizes the current evidence regarding target muscles, dosing strategies, timing of administration, effects on skeletal and occlusal outcomes, and potential impact on bone regeneration. In addition, it identifies limitations in the existing clinical protocols and highlights areas requiring further standardized, high-quality research.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify experimental, clinical and case-based studies investigating the use of BTX-A in orthognathic surgery and maxillofacial trauma management. The reference lists of relevant articles were also manually screened to identify additional key mechanistic and translational evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Botulinum toxin type A injections into the masseter, temporalis and digastric muscles may reduce postoperative muscle tension, protect fixation hardware, and improve skeletal and occlusal stability. The available studies suggest a transient 20-40% reduction in bite force lasting approx. 3-4 months, corresponding to the critical period of bone healing. Experimental models also indicate a potential beneficial effect on bone regeneration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Botulinum toxin type A represents a minimally invasive and biologically plausible adjunct for enhancing outcomes in orthognathic and maxillofacial trauma surgery. However, standardized protocols regarding dosing, timing of administration, and safety have yet to be established. Well-designed controlled clinical trials are needed to define its optimal use, alongside ethical guidance addressing its off-label application and use in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"833-841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of erbium lasers to prepare cavities in deciduous teeth for caries treatment: A systematic review.","authors":"Agnieszka Milc, Jacek Kotuła, Marzena Dominiak","doi":"10.17219/dmp/194008","DOIUrl":"10.17219/dmp/194008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Control of the physical parameters of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser settings may optimize and improve their effectiveness for cavity preparation in deciduous teeth while ensuring patient comfort and safety during treatment.This systematic review aimed to identify the optimal ranges of laser parameters (frequency, power, applicator type and diameter, pulse duration, and water spray settings) for Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers used in the treatment of carious lesions involving the enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth in children.Scientific databases were systematically searched, and the included articles were assessed for risk of bias. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was modified according to the requirements of this systematic review.Ten randomized studies met the inclusion criteria. Four were in vitro studies conducted on extracted deciduous teeth, and 6 were clinical trials involving children. Er:YAG lasers were used in 6 studies, whereas Er,Cr:YSGG lasers were used in 4 publications.The available evidence suggests that Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted cavity preparation in deciduous teeth may be more effective than conventional rotary instrumentation in reducing anxiety and pain in young patients. However, based on the analyzed studies, it is not possible to establish optimal laser parameters for the preparation of carious enamel and dentin in deciduous teeth using either Er:YAG or Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Furthermore, the included studies provide limited information regarding the laser parameters used.</p>","PeriodicalId":11191,"journal":{"name":"Dental and Medical Problems","volume":"63 3","pages":"779-792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148577467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}