IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Geo-Electrical Data Analysis to Demarcate Groundwater Pocket Zones In Kaltungo And Environes, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"A. Mohammed, A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.9790/0990-0234350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0234350","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation have been made for groundwater exploration using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data acquired from 6 (six) locations distributed in Kaltungo and Environs with a maximum electrode spread of AB/2 = 100m. This is an attempt to obtain useful information on the aquifer distribution within the area and hence delineate possible areas for groundwater development. Based on Iso-resistivity maps, geo-electric section, Longitudinal Unit conductance parameters for aquifer characteristics shows the southeastern part of the study area as favorable area for Groundwater exploration. The groundwater potential zone has been identified based on geo-electrical, iso-resistivity and Longitudinal Unit Conductance. Based on these studies the average resistivities of all the layers are ρ1 = 67.1, ρ2 = 20, ρ3 = 99.1, and ρ4 = 235.8 ohm and an average thicknesses of h1 = 0.9, h1 = 15.4, and h1 = 52.9m respectively. The Dar Zarrouk parameters for aquifer characteristics also shows an average Longitudinal conductance as L1 = 0.09, L2 = 0.52, and L3 = 0.422 Siemens and Transverse Resistance of S1 = 128, S2 = 1215.7, and S3 = 2236.8 ohm-m. The vertical geo-electrical section and spatial distribution of secondary parameters are constructed. The areas with ˂ 0.4 Siemens anisotropy are considered to be areas of high Porosity/Permeability and areas with ˃0.5 ˂ 0.65 Siemens are considered areas with intermediate Porosity/Permeability while areas with ˃0.65 Siemens are considered as Low Porosity/Permeability.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125737943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake-Tsunami in South Jogjakarta Indonesia: Potential, Simulation Models, and Related Mitigation Efforts","authors":"W. Kongko, R. Hidayat","doi":"10.9790/0990-0231822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0231822","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of earthquake-tsunami in South Java is lower than those in South-West of Sumatra. The recent earthquake-tsunami in this area was the “tsunami earthquake” with the relatively slow characteristics of the earthquake and generating greater tsunami. The results of model simulations with limited scenario in South Java showed a significant tsunami affected southern of Jogjakarta’s coastal region. To support disaster mitigation and planning of infrastructure development in the southern coastal areas, it is necessary to study the potential earthquake-tsunami disaster and its mitigation efforts using detail and accurate topographicbathymetric data.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114954113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Correlation between Geology and Geothermal Energy in North-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"B. Abdullahi, J. K. Rai, O. M. Olaitan, Y. Musa","doi":"10.9790/0990-0237483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0237483","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria as a country is suffering from acute shortage of power supply for both industrial and domestic use. Most of the renewable energy sources are underutilized including geothermal sources. The wide range of geologic formations in the north-eastern Nigeria provides an avenue for exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy. Therefore this paper focuses on finding the possible geothermal reservoirs existing in Nigeria in order to help in solving the Nigeria’s energy crisis. Geology and mineral maps were utilised using overlay method. Two volcanic points and one fumarole were identified and they were recommended to be suitable for geothermal energy generation.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129762698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Appraisal of Groundwater Resources and Sustainable Stratigies for Recharge of Aquifers in State Of Rajasthan","authors":"S. Maanju","doi":"10.9790/0990-0140109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0140109","url":null,"abstract":"The largest State of India, Rajasthan has since beginning witnessed scanty and erratic rainfall, which is lonely source of groundwater recharge. More than 90% of land area is irrigated by groundwater and main source of domestic water is also groundwater. Excessive withdrawal of groundwater has posed serious problems and resulted in depletion of this natural resource. The water level has been declining at an alarming rate of 1 to 2 mts. per year in critical aquifers which is a matter of great concern for every one specifically for future generations. The authors in this paper suggest viable methodologies for arrest of declining trend of water level by adopting various artificial recharge methods and an emphasis is given for deciding accurate recharge method.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128233850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid and lithology discrimination of Amangi hydrocarbon field of the Niger Delta using Lambda-Mu-Rho technique","authors":"S. Inichinbia, P. Sule, A. Ahmed, H. Hamza, L. M. Omudu","doi":"10.9790/0990-02220107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-02220107","url":null,"abstract":"Lambda-Mu-Rho analysis was used to identify gas sands of two reservoirs (H1000 and H4000) in Amangi field of the Nigerian Delta. The main objective of this study was to provide a detailedprediction of the properties of these two Tertiary reservoirs using thistechnique of gas sand identification. This was possible because each lithology has a different rock properties response subject to fluid content and mineral properties. The basic impedances of both compressional and shear waves from the angle stacks were determined for the two reservoirs andLambda-Rho (λρ) and Mu-Rho (μρ) calculated. In the gas sand, the low incompressibility(λ) of gas combined with the high rigidity(μ) of sand resulted in a low λρ value, (1.0 x 10 13 kg 2 /m 4 s 2 - 2.0 x 10 13 kg 2 /m 4 s 2 ) and a high μρ response, (1.4 x 10 13 kg 2 /m 4 s 2 - 2.0 x 10 13 kg 2 /m 4 s 2 ). The Vp/Vs ratio ranges 1.6 to1.8 for gas sand and 1.8 to 2.4 for shale. Equipped with this understanding from petrophysics, a high degree of discriminationoflithologies and fluidswas achieved. The gas sands, brine sands and shaleswere characterized successfully by the λρ-μρ space.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129363047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Processing of Multiples into useful Seismic data for Surface Hydrocarbon Oilfields","authors":"Ikwueto O.C, Ezike I.F, Ozokwelu N.B","doi":"10.9790/0990-02616874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-02616874","url":null,"abstract":"Distinguishing multiples from primaries and transforming them into useful signals has been one of the most serious difficulties faced by Geophysicists when processing and interpreting data. Multiples are multiplicative events seen in seismic sections which often seriously impedes correct mapping of the subsurface geology in search of oil and gas reservoirs. These events have undergone more than one reflection. In this paper, we present an approach to transform shot gathers from multiple reflections into primaries by combining a multi-channel weighted cross-correlation (WCC) with surface-related multiple elimination (SRME). The new primaries obtained from the combination exhibit the same kinematics as the original dataset with few transformation artefacts. We also demonstrate that this primaries can accurately estimate missing traces as long as the gaps are within the acquisition spread.While this combination allows the transformation of multiples into primaries for surface seismic data, the latter means that nonlinear seismic imaging can be implemented by a number of linear steps. The result shows that the multiple reflections contain a wealth of information that should be used in seismic processing to improve the resolution of reservoir images beyond current capability.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123835574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Price Volatility: Causes & Challenges","authors":"M. Patel","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1179269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1179269","url":null,"abstract":"After independence of INDIA, PAKISTAN & BANGLADESH, minimum wage in 1947, was at par and corresponding exchange rate was also at par with that of US Dollar. Countries, simultaneously, created with all kinds of similarities, after 65 years, exhibit large variations in monetary considerations and exchange rate in India at Rs.62.40/US$, in Bangladesh exchange rate at BDT 78/US$ and in Pakistan exchange rate at Rs.108/US$. Neighbours use trade policy and raise minimum wage to insulate their domestic food price. Natural conclusion is that rise in ratio of minimum wage drags exchange rate with respect to that of trading partners. This behaviour raises volatility of food price across neighbours. Because insulation policy exports volatility elsewhere. Comparison between peer States becomes easier and may not require any empirical test proof for natural conclusions. This paper emphasises synchronising, across neighbours & globally, up-rating minimum wage to contain food price volatility.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126292825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations between Natural Phenomena and Solar Activity in the Oceanographic and Forest Fields","authors":"S. Fais, M. Puxeddu","doi":"10.9790/0990-0501012324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0501012324","url":null,"abstract":"A great number of studies on the relationship between solar activity and various terrestrial phenomena, both in the climatic and geophysical fields, have been carried out over several decades. In the present work we analyse the shorter oscillations of the solar activity such as the ones recognized in the climatic and oceanographic oscillations, for which, as it is known, longer series of observations are unavailable. Specially we analyse both the sunspot series (Wolf relative number series) considered an index of solar activity and observed since 1700 and the series of the mean sea level variation of the longest ones available in the word and relative to three oceanographic stations in Poland (Swinoujscie), France (Brest) and Italy (Venezia), whose geographical distribution made the comparison interesting. Because of the sea level evolution fluctuate in intensity, an analysis of these fluctuations and their possible correlation with the solar activity was considered of great interest to give a contribution for the explanation of the various interactions between natural phenomena and other problems relating to the forecasting of the climatic evolution.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132189520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Statistical Parameters in the Sedimentological Study of Conglomerate Deposits in Northeastern Part of Akwa Ibom State, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria","authors":"I. Udo","doi":"10.9790/0990-0152127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0152127","url":null,"abstract":"Conglomerates and pebbly sandstone abound along a belt of about 50km long and 11km wide in northeastern part of Akwa Ibom State. Granulometric analysis of 29 samples show the deposits to be poorly to moderately sorted, having sorting coefficient values ranging between 0.63ф to 1.41ф. Pebble morphometric analysis of the conglomerates showed that the mean values of the various morphometric parameters range as follows: flatness ratio (S/L = 0.39-0.58), elongation ratio (I/L =0.64-0.78), maximum projection sphericity (Ψ P = 0.60-0.77), Oblate Prolate index (Ō P = -1.98 to 4.13), coefficient of flatness (39.25-57.86). Roundness index determined for the pebbles through simple comparism with Power’s (1953) roundness chart averaged 0.232. Interpretation of pebble morphometric and granulometric results indicate a fluvial environment of deposition for the deposits.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134136590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Depositional Environments and Provenance Characteristics of Selected Sediments, South of Yewa River, Eastern Dahomey Basin, South Western Nigeria","authors":"Popoola Samuel Olatunde, A. Juliano, Oyatola Opeyemi Otolorin","doi":"10.9790/0990-02598121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-02598121","url":null,"abstract":"An inorganic geochemical study of a clay and shale sediments sequence around Araromi and Irogun- akere (the Southern part of Yewa River), Eastern dahomey basin, south western Nigeria, was carried out to determine the sediment's depositional conditions, provenance and tectonics. Fifteen shale and clay sediment samples underwent mineralogical and geochemical analysis involving major, trace and rare earth element analysis at acme analytic laboratory, Ontario, Canada using an ICP mass spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer, Elan 6000). Mineralogical studies using X-ray diffraction analysis revealed prominent kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite peaks; accessory minerals included quartz and microcline. Major element abundance showed that the shale samples consist of SiO2 (44.77%), Al2O3 (15.01%) and Fe2O3 (5.75%), constituting more than 65% of bulk chemical composition. Thirty-four elements trace metals; heavy rare earth elements and light rare earth elements analysis were quantified from the geochemical analysis. The shale sediments exhibit higher Ni, Ba, CO, Zr, Rb and Th concentrations than clay sediments, whereas clay samples are Sr-, Zn,, Pb- and U-enriched .Light rare earth element (La, Ce, Nd,Sm,Pr) were enrich in shale and clay sediment samples while, heavy rare earth elements (Tb, Yb, Lu, Gd ,Dy ,Ho, TM and Eu) are depleted. High TiO2 and Rb/K2O values also indicated that the shale and clay samples were matured. Geochemical parameters such as U, U/Th, Ni/Co and Cu/Zn ratios indicated that these shales were deposited in oxic conditions; the Al2O3/TiO2 ratio suggested that intermediate igneous rocks were probable source rocks for the shale, while mafic rocks were suggested as being source rocks for the claystone. However, the La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Co ratios and shale and clay sediment plots revealed that they came within the range given for felsic rocks as provenance, thereby suggesting mixed provenance for the sediments. A passive-margin tectonic setting was adduced for the sedimentary sequences.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}