Geo-Electrical Data Analysis to Demarcate Groundwater Pocket Zones In Kaltungo And Environes, Northeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Investigation have been made for groundwater exploration using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data acquired from 6 (six) locations distributed in Kaltungo and Environs with a maximum electrode spread of AB/2 = 100m. This is an attempt to obtain useful information on the aquifer distribution within the area and hence delineate possible areas for groundwater development. Based on Iso-resistivity maps, geo-electric section, Longitudinal Unit conductance parameters for aquifer characteristics shows the southeastern part of the study area as favorable area for Groundwater exploration. The groundwater potential zone has been identified based on geo-electrical, iso-resistivity and Longitudinal Unit Conductance. Based on these studies the average resistivities of all the layers are ρ1 = 67.1, ρ2 = 20, ρ3 = 99.1, and ρ4 = 235.8 ohm and an average thicknesses of h1 = 0.9, h1 = 15.4, and h1 = 52.9m respectively. The Dar Zarrouk parameters for aquifer characteristics also shows an average Longitudinal conductance as L1 = 0.09, L2 = 0.52, and L3 = 0.422 Siemens and Transverse Resistance of S1 = 128, S2 = 1215.7, and S3 = 2236.8 ohm-m. The vertical geo-electrical section and spatial distribution of secondary parameters are constructed. The areas with ˂ 0.4 Siemens anisotropy are considered to be areas of high Porosity/Permeability and areas with ˃0.5 ˂ 0.65 Siemens are considered areas with intermediate Porosity/Permeability while areas with ˃0.65 Siemens are considered as Low Porosity/Permeability.