IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Subsoil Bearing Capacity from Load Test Results In Two Locations in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Akande, N. Ekeocha","doi":"10.9790/0990-0404022735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0404022735","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical pile load tests using the maintained load test and twice the safe working load (SWL) were used in two different locations (A & B) in Rivers State. Four pre-cast concrete piles of dimension 400mm by 400mm were tested using Kentledge method in location A while three cased piles of 406mm diameter were tested in location B using reaction method. The range of pile head movement (settlement) at maximum load of 1000KN (200% of SWL) was 2.76mm 5.73mm while the range of 10% of the pile width was 11.04mm 22.92mm. The elastic rebound varies from 80.49% 97.65%. In location B, where reaction method was employed, the cumulative settlement at maximum load of 544.4KN was between 1.088mm and 5.70mm while the range of 10% of the pile width was 8.16mm 23.142mm. The elastic rebound varied from 39.20% 66.83%. The soil bearing capacity values at depth of 15.0m ranged from 570KN/m 2 710KN/m 2 while the pile bearing capacity at depth of 12.0m was 6350KN/m 2 in location A. A pile bearing capacity of 4188KN/m 2 and pile allowable load of between 361KN and 2275KN were respectively recorded at depth of 30m in location B. The pile bearing capacity was greater than soil bearing capacity. Results showed that the piles did not fail the test in both locations since cumulative settlements were much lower than 10% of the pile width. This could be due to factors like skin friction of the piles, elasticity, stiffness and pore water pressure of the soil. Therefore, test piles are capable of withstanding anticipated imposed stress from the super structure without failure. The Kentledge system produced greater influence on the test piles probably because weight used was higher than the safe load capacity of the test pile for safety consideration. The Kentledge weight increased the pile –soil interaction by increasing the unit shaft resistance of the piles. This could probably account for the high values of elastic rebound in location A. Insufficient time interval between driving and testing affected the elastic rebound values of test piles in location B. This is because piles in cohesive soil should be tested after sufficient time has elapsed for excess pore water to dissipate.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133212314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The Non-Linear Programming Model (NLPM) for Minimizing the Operating Costs of Marine CNG Transportation\"","authors":"D. Khan, A. Osiadacz","doi":"10.9790/0990-0404025359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0404025359","url":null,"abstract":"The marine compressed natural gas (CNG) was initially envisioned to target small volumes of gas located in relatively closed proximity to markets. However, the recent breakthroughs in this technology have suggested, and in some cases validated, marine CNG's potential to cost effectively ship much larger volumes of gas over much greater distances. The creative solutions have been proposed by many companies for the choice of materials and configuration of gas containers, as well as for container loading and offloading techniques because this part of a marine CNG project consumes almost 70-80% of the investment. But for commercial success of transportation projects it is important to reduce the operating costs as well. The ship's expenses account for 65-70% of operating costs. Therefore, the charges for fuel used by the ship contribute to a higher extent in overall operating costs of a project. In this paper, a Non-Linear Programming Model (NLPM) has been proposed which focuses upon the optimization of fuel consumption of CNG ships during transportation. The objective function, taking into account the total fuel consumed by the ship engines, is proposed. The optimization problem stated consists in evaluating the number of simultaneously operating ship engines and determining such a distribution of the capacity that total unit fuel consumed by each engine is minimized subject to the constraints imposed. NLPM presents an algorithm of automatic search for the optimal values of the operating parameters of engines. The proposed algorithm can be implemented on a digital computer.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133886051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir Potentials of the Cretaceous Gombe Sandstone, Gongola Basin, Upper Benue Trough, North Eastern Nigeria","authors":"B. Shettima, I. Buba, M. Sidi, Y. Abdulganiyu, H. Hamidu, U. Abubakar","doi":"10.9790/0990-0404026677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0404026677","url":null,"abstract":"The Campano - Maastrichtian Gombe Sandstone of the Gongola Basin of the Upper Benue Trough is composed of arenaceous lithology that is laterally extensive and has reached a thickness of over 300m. The petrophysical evaluation of the formation on the basis of bivariate plots, petrographic analysis and falling head permeability indicated average porosity values of 15%, 33% and 23% respectively. Average permeability values of 5.2D and 100md were also obtained from bivariate plots and falling permeameter analysis respectively. These values are comparable to the reservoir rocks of proven petroleum basin of the North Sea and Niger Delta. Therefore, the Gombe Sandstone can serve as a potential reservoir rock in the Gongola Basin.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132334530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical Variation of Sedimentary Clay Deposit at Mae Than Mine, Ban Mae Than, Amphoe Mae Tha, Lampang Province, Thailand","authors":"Keadsuda Donmuang, P. Asnachinda, P. Limtrakun, Benjavan Rattanasatien, Wittaya Khandarosa","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1243622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1243622","url":null,"abstract":"The sedimentary deposit is a part of the south of Lampang basin with the age of Tertiary to present. Clays in this deposit was divided into three layers covered with red clay. Clay layers were overburden which was the clay overlying on top of coal seam; interburden was the clays lie between coal seams; and underburden was the clay lie under coal seam. The basement rock was rhyolitic tuff. Major minerals found were quartz, kaolinite, illite, potassium feldspar and montmorillonite, respectively. There was no distinct relationship of quartz content in each clay layers. However, kaolinite and illite contents slightly increased in deeper clay layers. Additionally, montmorillonite presented in basement rock sample and some of overburden clay.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeomorphological Mapping Upto Cadastral Level, By Using High Resolution Satellite Data In Gokaphaslwada Watershed, Doulthabad Mandal, Mahabubnagar District","authors":"Narsimha Kota, N. Ramudu, S. Ravikumar, M. Suresh","doi":"10.9790/0990-0501024651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0501024651","url":null,"abstract":"Mahabunagar District falls in rain shadow zone with a low annual normal rainfall of 604 mm. The recurrence of drought is increasing considerably and unless collective measures are initiated on a permanent basis the situation will become grim in future. Gokaphasalwada watershed in Mahabubnagar District is selected to demonstrate the capability of high resolution satellite data in ground water mapping at village level. This watershed is located in Survey of India toposheet Nos. 56H/9 NW. This watershed with an area of about 57 sq.km is underlined by granite gneiss and migmatite traversed by dolerite dykes. Hydrogeomorphological mapping was carried out on 1:10,000 scale using IRS-P6 LISS-IV satellite data. The satellite data facilitates to update the extent of built-up area, road and drainage network. Further, the revenue villages enclosed in the watershed are digitized, geo-referenced, mosaicked and superimposed on hydrogeomorphology map. This helps to give site specific recommendation and proposing survey number wise water harvesting structures which will improve the ground water resources.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113986614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrophysical Evaluation and Potential Capability of Hydrocarbon Generation of Jurassic and Cretaceous Source Rocks in Shoushan Basin, North Western Desert, Egypt","authors":"M. Barakat","doi":"10.9790/0990-0501022345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0501022345","url":null,"abstract":"The Shoushan Basin is an important hydrocarbon province in the northern Western Desert, Egypt. The present study deals with petrophysical evaluation, the identification of the potential and generating capability of hydrocarbon generation of Jurassic and Cretaceous formations in Shoushan Basin were investigated by studying the composite logs for five wells. Jurassic units include; Ras Qattara, Khatatba and Masajid formations. Jurassic formations are not recorded in the investigated wells except at TUT-21 well. Cretaceous units are represented by Alam El Bueib, Kharita and Abu Roash formations. The Alam El-Bueib Formation can be considered as an important reservoir rock in the Shoushan Basin, which is composed mainly of thick massive, argillaceous and calcareous sandstone with some shale and carbonate interbeds. The studied Alam El-Bueib Formation reservoirs include three main units; AEB-1, AEB-3A, 3D and 3E) subunits. Total organic carbon and Rock-Eval pyrolysis for 90 rock samples and geochemical model were used to determine the source rock characteristics and petroleum generative potentials of prospective source rocks, including quantity, type of organic matter, and their thermal maturity level. The results were then incorporated into basin modeling in order to improve our understanding of burial/ thermal histories and hydrocarbon generation and extraction from Jurassic-Cretaceous source rocks. Ras Qattara and Masajid formations have poor to fair generation potential while, Yakout and Khatatba formations have poor to excellent generation potential. Vitrinite reflectance values indicate that Ras Qatara, Yakout and Khatatba formations source rocks are mature and lie within oil generation stage. The organic richness of the Cretaceous formations varies from poor to excellent. The Cretaceous source rocks contain type IV kerogen and it indicates that the Cretaceous formations have very little gas potential and will not yield oil in any maturation stage. Vitrinite reflectance values indicate that Alam El Bueib and Kharita source rocks are becoming mature and lie within the onset of the oil generation stage. The burial history modeling shows that Ras Qattara and Yakout formations lie within the main mature oil window. Khataba and Masajid formations lie within oil windows and Alam El-Bueib and Khrita Formations are still within the early stage of hydrocarbon generation. While the Abu Roash Formation lie within immature stage.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128356258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Stress Accumulation Due To a Sudden Movement across a Long Vertical Strike-Slip Fault in a Three-Layered Elastic/ Viscoelastic Model","authors":"B. Mondal, S. Sen","doi":"10.9790/0990-0501020722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0501020722","url":null,"abstract":"The lithosphere-asthenosphere system has been represented by multi-layered model consisting of two parallel layers, the first one is elastic and the second one is viscoelastic, overlying a viscoelastic half-space and they are assumed to be in welded contact. A vertical buried strike-slip fault is taken to be situated in the viscoelastic layer. The fault undergoes a sudden slip under the action of tectonic forces such as mantle convection. Analytical expressions for displacements, stresses and strains are calculated for both layers and half-space by using modified Green’s function technique and correspondence principle. Numerical computations have been carried out to find the effect of fault movement in change of surface shear stress. The contour map for the stress pattern in both of the first layer and second layer have been prepared.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Surface and Magnetic Lineaments in and Around Wase Area of Northern Nigeria","authors":"Sanusi, D. Dahuwa","doi":"10.9790/0990-0501025262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0501025262","url":null,"abstract":"Aeromagnetic data over Wase and its adjoining areas were obtained and analyzed for delineation and analysis of magnetic (subsurface) and surface lineaments which often act as hosts or structural control on mineralization in basement areas. The magnetic lineaments were inferred from the colour shaded map of the first vertical gradient of the residual magnetic field. Lineament contour maps of the magnetic and surface lineaments showed correlation between the areas of highest lineaments density with the exposed basement areas and low lineament density with the sedimentary parts of the area. Also, the lineament length density maps of the surface and magnetic lineaments suggested that the study area was affected by different stress regimes of various intensities at different geological times.The rose diagram of the lineaments showed that the lineaments were oriented along NE-SW, E-W, NNE-SSW and NW-SE major trends and a minor trend along ENE-WSW direction and that some of the magnetic (subsurface) lineaments have propagated to the surface. Generally areas associated with lineaments in the high first vertical derivative gradient areas were recommended for further mineral investigations.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115111696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoelectric Investigation of Aquifer Vulnerability within Afe Babalola University, Ado -Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria.","authors":"O. Ogungbemi","doi":"10.9790/0990-0152834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0152834","url":null,"abstract":"Many investigation techniques are commonly employed with the aim of estimating the spatial \u0000distribution of transmissivity and protective capacity of groundwater resources. Unfortunately, the conventional \u0000methods for the determination of hydraulic parameters such as pumping tests, permeameter measurements and \u0000grain size analysis are intrusive and relatively expensive. A non-intrusive and less-expensive geoelectric \u0000investigation involving vertical electrical sounding was carried out in some parts of the campus of Afe Babalola \u0000University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of fifty-nine (59) vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were \u0000acquired using R 50 D.C. resistivity meter within the campus which is underlain by the Precambrian basement \u0000rock of southwestern Nigeria. Following the interpretation of the VES data, maps and 2D-sections were \u0000generated. The geoelectric sections enabled the subsurface to be characterized into five geoelectric layers \u0000namely: Topsoil, clayey/sandy-clay, weathered layer, fractured basement and fresh basement. The assessment \u0000and analysis of the materials above the aquifers showed that longitudinal conductance (S) values ranged from \u00000.08438 to 0.73449 mhos; thus the area is classified into weak (0.1 – 0.19 mhos), moderate (0.2 – 0.69 mhos) \u0000and good protective capacity (0.7 mhos and above). The major aquifer delineated is the weathered/fractured \u0000basement aquifers. These aquifers are characterized by thick overburden, moderate/good protective capacity, \u0000moderate to relatively high value coefficients of anisotropy and low transverse unit resistance. This suggests \u0000that the materials above the aquifers act as seal, thus protecting the major aquiferous units. However, the \u0000aquifer matrix itself is relatively permeable. Areas with weak protective capacity are therefore vulnerable to \u0000infiltration of polluting fluid.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134515960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Electrical Sounding to Determine Fracture Distribution At Adumasun Area, Oniye, Southwestern Nigeria.","authors":"T. Adagunodo, L. Sunmonu, O. Oladejo, I. A. Ojoawo","doi":"10.9790/0990-0131022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-0131022","url":null,"abstract":"People living in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria have started shifting their focus on construction of buildings towards villages that are close to the metropolis. It is therefore imperative to carry out this research in order to recommend the types of structures to be erected at Adumasun area, Oniye, Southwestern Nigeria when the time comes in order to avoid catastrophic failure that might have happened thereafter. The aim of this research is to carry out vertical electrical sounding geophysical survey at Adumasun area, Oniye, Southwestern Nigeria with a view to determining the fracture distribution within the study area. The study area is located between latitude 070 37′ 55.37″ to 070 38′ 00″ North and longitude 0030 11′ 10.2″ to 0030 11′ 16.8″ East. Schlumberger electrode array was employed for the study using R 50 Resistivity meter for the data acquisition. The geoelectric survey comprised of ten depth soundings, with maximum current electrode spacing (AB) of 200m. 40% of the modeled curves are A-type, 50% are H-type, and 10% are KH-type. The geoelectric sections obtained from the sounding curves revealed 3-layer and 4-layer earth models respectively. The models showed that the subsurface layers were categorized into the topsoil, the second layer, and the third layer (where it is present). One-third of the study area showed fresh bedrock while two-third showed fractured bedrock. Areas underlying with fresh bedrock and thin overburden thickness are recommended for the construction of high-rise buildings while areas with fractured basement and thick overburden thickness are recommended for the construction of low-rise buildings. It is concluded that the study area is averagely competent for the construction of high-rise buildings and low-rise buildings depending on where individual builders are located.","PeriodicalId":111900,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127172691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}