Current Urology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Association Between Ambient Temperature and Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Juliana Villanueva-Congote, Juan C Marin-Urrego, Hasim Bakbak, Christina Kottooran, Rachna Sridhar, Robert Marcovich, Daniel A Wollin, Brian H Eisner","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01341-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01341-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The global incidence of urolithiasis has risen in recent decades. Emerging evidence suggests that higher ambient temperatures are linked to an increased risk of kidney-stone-related events, including acute renal colic, likely through physiological mechanisms such as increased urinary calcium excretion and greater supersaturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. This study aims to systematically review existing evidence on the relationship between ambient temperature and urolithiasis risk.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Of 892 records identified, 46 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 16 were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies reported a positive association between higher ambient temperatures and increased kidney stone-related events, with seasonal peaks occurring during summer months in the Northern Hemisphere and from December to March in Australia. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in exposure definitions, meteorological data sources, outcome ascertainment, and lag structures. Reported effect estimates ranged from RR 1.10 to 2.54. Meta-analysis showed that higher ambient temperature was associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis presentation (pooled RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.21-1.43; I²=86.7%). Subgroup analyses showed pooled RRs of 1.27 (95% CI 1.18-1.37) for stone colic, 1.33 (95% CI 1.06-1.67) for emergency visits, and 1.36 (95% CI 0.98-1.90) for hospitalizations. Associations were stronger at medium and long lag periods than at short lags. Most studies were rated as high risk of bias, primarily because of confounding and outcome measurement concerns. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings. This systematic review highlights an association between higher ambient temperatures and increased presentations for kidney stone disease. Addressing environmental factors may be a valuable strategy for reducing nephrolithiasis incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Open Partial Nephrectomy Still an Option in the Robotic Era?","authors":"Patrick Michael, Ruben Blachman-Braun, Lauren Loebach, Hangcheng Fu, Braden Millan, Jaskirat Saini, Sandeep Gurram, W Marston Linehan, Mark Ball","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01340-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01340-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review examines the modern role of open partial nephrectomy (OPN), indications for this surgical approach, and outcomes associated with the open technique in the era of robotic surgery.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) now predominates for small renal masses and is increasingly applied to larger and more complex masses. Across multiple comparative series and meta-analyses, RAPN offers equivalent oncologic control and functional preservation compared to OPN, while demonstrating reduced perioperative morbidity. Nonetheless, OPN remains valuable for tumors in hostile or re-operative fields, certain hereditary syndromes, solitary kidneys when cold ischemia is preferred, and settings without reliable robotic access. Declining open case exposure during training raises concerns about maintaining surgical competency. OPN remains an important option when use of the approach provides improved surgical exposure, ischemia management, intra-operative safety, or feasibility of nephron sparing. A pragmatic, surgeon-experience-based approach that prioritizes oncologic control, parenchymal preservation, and patient safety best serves individualized care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Urologic Documentation: A Review of Emerging Capabilities and the Ongoing Need for Human Oversight.","authors":"Nickolas Kinachtchouk, David Canes","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01342-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01342-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Clinical documentation continues to expand in volume and complexity, spanning outpatient encounters, inpatient summaries, patient-portal communications, and educational materials. These growing demands contribute to clinician burden and reduce time available for direct patient care. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential strategy to streamline documentation workflows. This review evaluates current AI applications in clinical documentation, with illustrative examples from urologic practice.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Ambient AI scribes can capture the bulk of outpatient encounters and generate structured draft notes that clinicians edit rather than write de novo. Large language models have shown promise in assisting with inpatient documentation and discharge summaries, often producing drafts that are coherent, readable, and shorter than physician-authored text. AI tools can also simplify patient education materials and translate dense radiology reports into accessible language. Across these domains, however, studies consistently demonstrate that AI-generated content remains vulnerable to factual errors, omissions, hallucinations, and misaligned emphasis, reinforcing the need for clinician oversight. Overall, emerging evidence supports a complementary relationship between clinicians and AI. Used as supervised drafting aids rather than autonomous authors, AI tools have the potential to ease documentation burden and create more time for direct patient care without diminishing the clinician's role in shaping the medical record.</p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifications of Anti-Incontinence Procedures for Radiated Patients: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Jonathan A Seaman, Maia E VanDyke","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01337-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01337-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The mainstay of surgical management for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) for many years has been the male urethral sling and the artificial urinary sphincter. However, patients with pelvic radiation history are at increased risk for poorer outcomes. This review examines the surgical options for radiated men with SUI, how this history may affect outcomes, and surgical modifications which may optimize results. RECENT FINDINGS: Male urethral slings demonstrate diminished success but may be considered in carefully selected radiated patients. The artificial urinary sphincter remains the gold-standard for radiated men though with increased risk of complications. Key technical modifications include conservative cuff sizing, selective transcorporal placement, and consideration of lower-pressure pressure-regulating balloons. Ongoing technological innovations may address the challenges in this patient population. Successful SUI management in radiated patients requires careful patient selection, consideration of technical modifications, and thorough patient counseling regarding anticipated risks and realistic expectations. </p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tibial Nerve Stimulation: Recent Progress and Challenges.","authors":"Theodoros Karanikolas, Victoria Dai, Kaitlyn D Kim, Kelli Aibel, Noelle Waldschmidt, Nitya Abraham","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01338-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01338-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examines the evolution, mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and future directions of tibial nerve stimulation (TNS) in the management of overactive bladder (OAB). We sought to clarify how percutaneous (PTNS), transcutaneous (TTNS), and implantable (ITNS) modalities compare in efficacy, safety, durability, and practical application relative to other advanced therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Contemporary randomized trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses demonstrate pooled response rates of approximately 60–80% across TNS modalities with meaningful improvements in urgency, frequency, nocturia, urgency urinary incontinence, and quality of life. TTNS shows comparable short-term efficacy to PTNS with practical advantages, and ITNS devices demonstrate durable outcomes and reduced treatment burden. Comparative data suggest non-inferior efficacy to sacral neuromodulation and onabotulinumtoxinA with favorable safety profiles. TNS represents an effective, minimally invasive neuromodulatory strategy for OAB. Implantable and closed-loop systems may further improve adherence and long-term outcomes, warranting continued head-to-head and parameter-optimization studies. </p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in the Treatment and Management of Voiding Dysfunction in Individuals with Spina Bifida.","authors":"Jonathan T Xu, Joshua D Roth","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01336-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01336-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This manuscript aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of voiding dysfunction, management goals, and treatment options for individuals with spina bifida in order to better assist providers caring for these patients and their families. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have demonstrated efficacy and safety of beta-3 agonists and onabotulinum toxin A as noninvasive options for management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Studies focusing on patient reported outcomes and health-related quality of life have raised greater awareness of patient goals and socio-environmental factors in the counseling of different treatment options. This review highlights the latest research on the management of voiding dysfunction in patients living with spina bifida. Better understanding of pathophysiology and new developments in non-invasive treatment options have substantially improved long-term durability and outlook for these patients. Future research should aim to identify patient and family goals to better manage expectations and quality of life for this lifelong condition. </p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unequal Access to Novel Systemic Therapies for Bladder Cancer: A Global Analysis of Clinical Trials of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Antibody-Drug Conjugates.","authors":"Juan Carlos Angulo-Lozano, Alejandro Calvillo-Ramirez, Andres Noyola-Perez, Gabriel Cojuc-Konigsberg, Hector Vaquera-Alfaro, Alec Anceno, Evan Suzman, Luisa F Sanchez-Musi, Claudia F Mendoza Sanchez Ponce, Pavel Pichardo-Rojas, Jonathan Badin-Castro, Parwiz Abrahimi, Douglas S Scherr","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01330-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01330-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review evaluates ongoing clinical trials investigating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for bladder cancer (BC), with a focus on the global distribution of trial activity and equitable access to participation. We examined whether populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are proportionally represented in these studies and summarized the most frequently studied agents and emerging combination strategies. The search and inclusion of clinical trials were conducted up to October 2025. RECENT FINDINGS: Pembrolizumab and Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) are the most extensively investigated agents in ongoing BC trials. Pembrolizumab is being evaluated as monotherapy and in combination regimens, with late-phase studies demonstrating improvements in overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS). EV has shown high response rates, particularly among patients with prior treatment failure, and is increasingly studied in combination with checkpoint blockade. However, the majority of these trials are conducted in high-income countries, limiting global access and raising concerns regarding applicability across diverse healthcare settings. These trends reflect a shift toward personalized and targeted therapeutic approaches in advanced BC. ICIs and ADCs have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for BC, with pembrolizumab and EV demonstrating particular potential. Yet, current clinical trial activity remains heavily concentrated in high-income regions, underscoring a need for expanded research infrastructure and enrollment capacity in LMICs. Broader geographic inclusion and continued evaluation of combination regimens may enhance global relevance and improve equitable access to emerging treatments. </p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Determinants of Outcomes in Partial Nephrectomy: a Contemporary Review.","authors":"Rodrigo Guevara, L G Medina, J P Dugarte, F Eskenazi, R Cervantes, V Hevia, R Sotelo","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01329-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01329-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Partial nephrectomy has become the preferred treatment for localized renal masses, particularly in the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) era. However, outcomes depend not only on the surgical approach but also on how each step of the procedure is performed. This review examines the key technical steps and clinical determinants that influence oncologic control, renal functional preservation, and perioperative morbidity in contemporary minimally invasive partial nephrectomy. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence highlights the importance of assessing tumor complexity, tailoring ischemia strategies, and selecting resection techniques that maximize parenchymal preservation. Advances in intraoperative imaging, three-dimensional planning, and fluorescence guidance have improved surgical precision and supported more informed intraoperative decision-making. Comparative studies also suggest that techniques such as tumor enucleation and selective clamping can help preserve renal function without compromising oncologic outcomes in appropriately selected patients. Current evidence suggests that outcomes after PN depend largely on tumor characteristics, patient factors, and the way the operation is performed, rather than on the surgical platform itself. Achieving optimal results requires careful preoperative planning, precise surgical technique, and adequate experience. Ongoing advances in imaging integration and intraoperative guidance technologies may further support surgical decision-making and help improve renal functional preservation in nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). </p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13050763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donor Bladder Inclusion in Kidney Transplantation: A Review of the Literature and our Clinical Experience.","authors":"Gaetano Ciancio, Jeffrey J Gaynor, Javier Gonzalez, Henry Ocando Nava, Matthew Gaynor, Armando Salim Munoz Abraham, Yuri Kim, Junichiro Sageshima, Mahmoud Morsi","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01328-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01328-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: This review examines bladder inclusion as a reconstructive option in kidney transplantation, particularly when incorporated as part of a pediatric en bloc kidney transplant. With careful patient selection, partial or complete bladder transplant can be performed safely. The technique is relatively straightforward and provides a functionally reliable method of urinary reconstruction and donor ureteral implantation. RECENT FINDINGS: For decades, bladder transplantation was considered technically challenging because of the complex pelvic vascular anatomy, the difficulty of maintaining adequate blood supply, and challenges related to nerve regeneration and function voiding. Despite these obstacles, several attempts of bladder transplantation have been reported in the literature with varying functional outcomes. Notably, one case described transplantation of the entire bladder with sustained function up to 17 years after transplantation. Donor bladder inclusion in pediatric en bloc kidney transplantation offers a reliable and technically straightforward approach to ureteral and urinary tract reconstruction in complex kidney transplant recipients. The technique is reproducible, avoids vascular reconstruction, and may have expanded indications in patients requiring at the same time a neobladder or bladder augmentation. </p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Role of Ultrasound in Pediatric Scrotal and Groin Pathology.","authors":"Nicholas N Brutus, Jackson Pearce, Leah Ragno, Lauren Ehrlich, Eric M Bortnick","doi":"10.1007/s11934-026-01327-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11934-026-01327-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To perform a critical reassessment in advances in ultrasound technology and describe its use and misuse in the evaluation of common pediatric urology scrotal and groin pathologies. RECENT FINDINGS: While ultrasound capabilities have improved over time, there is still an overreliance on ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of pediatric urology conditions that can be diagnosed on history and physical examination, leading to delays in referral, delays in treatment, increased healthcare costs, and caregiver anxiety. Updates in ultrasound technology show promise of increasing diagnostic capabilities in the future. While ultrasound has its uses as a diagnostic tool, providers should not lean solely on imaging capabilities to diagnose and manage common pediatric urology conditions. </p>","PeriodicalId":11112,"journal":{"name":"Current Urology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}