Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of metabolic indicators and scores on cardiovascular events using machine learning.","authors":"Guanmou Li, Cheng Luo, Teng Ge, Kunyang He, Miao Zhang, Jinlin Hu, Baoshi Zheng, Rongjun Zou, Xiaoping Fan","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01753-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01753-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure impact millions of people annually globally and are a major cause of disease and death. This study explores the predictive capabilities of novel metabolic indices (TyG, HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C, and VAI) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and analyzes their relationships with diabetes and cardiovascular risks. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2003 to 2018, we applied multiple machine learning algorithms to evaluate nine metabolic indicators including cholesterol levels, triglycerides, insulin, and waist circumference. Through cross-validation to validate model performance, the XGBoost algorithm demonstrated the most accurate performance in predicting cardiovascular outcomes, particularly for diseases like angina and heart failure. Additionally, SHAP value analysis confirmed the critical roles of waist circumference and METS-IR in predicting adverse cardiovascular events. Furthermore, we employed 100 machine learning algorithms to calculate the AUC values of metabolic indicators in predicting AP, CHD, HF, and MI, showing that METS-IR had the greatest contribution in these aspects. This research highlights the significance of metabolic indices in stratifying cardiovascular risks and presents potential avenues for targeted preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between new insulin resistance indices and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with diabetes: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Yanling Yang, Zhigu Liu, Beisi Lin, Yintong Huang, Hongrong Deng, Xubin Yang, Longyi Zeng, Jinhua Yan, Wen Xu","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01732-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01732-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between newly developed insulin resistance (IR) indices and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with diabetes has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline data and all-cause mortality for 1,248 elderly diabetes patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2018 were collected. The traditional IR index homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and several newly developed indices, including metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), triglyceride glucose combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI), estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), were calculated for the patients. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models assessed the relationship between IR indices and all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a median follow-up period of 73.3 months, there were 381 recorded deaths. In the total cohort, METS-IR (p < 0.001), TyG-BMI (p < 0.001), and eGDR (p = 0.011) demonstrated a significant association with all-cause mortality as continuous variables. HOMA-IR, METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and eGDR exhibited significant correlations with all-cause mortality in the Cox regression models (p < 0.05) when analyzed as categorical variables. A U-shaped relationship exists between METS-IR, TyG-BMI, eGDR, and all-cause mortality (p-overall < 0.0001, p-nonlinear < 0.05). No significant associations were found between TyG, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and all-cause mortality. Among male patients, TyG-BMI and HOMA-IR exhibited superior prognostic value, whereas in female patients, METS-IR, TyG-BMI, and eGDR showed better performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HOMA-IR, TyG-BMI, METS-IR, and eGDR were associated with mortality in elderly diabetic patients, with gender differences in their prognostic values.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrest, and ventricular fibrillation: Casual evidence from a drug target Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Xinyi Zhang, Nanqin Peng, Xiaoyue Zhang, Zicheng Zhu, Yan Miao, Yuting Wu, Jitao Ling, Chen Li, Wenli Gu, Jing Zhang, Abudukeremu Ayiguli, Ziheng Zheng, Peng Yu, Xiao Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01712-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01712-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown benefits for cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although some observational studies suggest that GLP-1RAs protect against arrhythmias, the evidence remains inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between GLP-1RAs and arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiac arrest, and ventricular fibrillation. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the associations between genetically proxied GLP-1RAs and the risk of arrhythmias. Genetic instruments for GLP-1RAs were obtained from the cis-expression quantitative trait loci of the GLP1R gene, on the basis of data from the eQTLGen Consortium. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for AF were sourced from FinnGen10, whereas data for cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation came from the GWAS Catalog. Bayesian colocalization and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were conducted as supplementary analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve independent single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified as genetic instruments for GLP-1RAs. MR analysis indicated that genetically proxied GLP-1RAs were associated with a reduced risk of AF (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71-0.85, p = 4.45E-08, posterior probability of hypothesis 4 [PP.H4] = 0.007) and a lower risk of cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.42-0.85, p = 0.0039, PP.H4 = 0.018). Bayesian colocalization analysis revealed that genetically proxied GLP-1RAs did not share genetic variation with arrhythmias. MVMR analysis revealed that, after adjusting for body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus, genetically proxied GLP-1RAs did not have a significant effect on the risk of arrhythmias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that genetically proxied GLP-1RAs are causally associated with a reduced risk of AF, cardiac arrest, and ventricular fibrillation. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy-derived saturated fats were not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.","authors":"Zahra Gaeini, Parvin Mirmiran, Sevda Alvirdizadeh, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01751-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01751-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging evidence indicates that the health effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) may differ depending on the food source from which they are derived. We aimed to determine the association between dairy-derived SFA and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This research was carried out in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a cohort study of 2256 T2DM-free adults and 1713 MetS-free adults. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of T2DM and MetS were calculated in tertile categories of dairy-derived SFA. The risk of T2DM and MetS was estimated through multivariable Cox regression to substitute dairy-derived SFA with other sources of SFA. Participants in the second tertile of dairy-derived SFA had a higher risk of T2DM (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.14-2.21); however, the association did not remain significant in the third tertile (P for trend = 0.082). There were no associations between dairy-derived SFA and the risk of MetS. Substituting dairy-derived SFA for other dietary sources of SFA was not related to the risk of T2DM or MetS. The association between dairy-derived SFA and the risk of T2DM and MetS is still an ongoing research topic. When making dietary choices, it is advisable to consider an overall balanced diet and lifestyle factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight-adjusted waist index is associated with risk of poor bone quality rather than low bone mass in patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Dehuai Feng, Junying Liu, Ningning Bai, Shujuan Chen, Liming Zhou, Xinlian He, Keli Zhao, Shaobin Wang, Jinyang Wan, Sheng Ouyang, Yiting Zheng, Zhimao Cai, Dewen Yan, Ling Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01740-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01740-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) correlates with an elevated risk of osteoporotic fractures. However, factors influencing bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in Chinese individuals with T2D remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and biochemical determinants of BMD and TBS in patients with T2D, with a focus on elucidating the role of weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) in modulating bone mass and quality in this cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of 161 women and 153 men with T2D collected between July 2022 and March 2023 in Shenzhen, China, were analyzed in our cross-sectional study. Lumbar spine BMD and TBS of all participants were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. WWI was defined as waist circumference over the square root of weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that lumbar spine TBS was inversely correlated with age, menopausal status, and WWI in women (p < 0.05). In men, TBS was negatively associated with age and WWI (p < 0.05). For women, glycated hemoglobin A1c positively influenced BMD (p < 0.05), whereas age, diabetic retinopathy, and N-mid osteocalcin were negatively associated. No significant predictors of BMD were identified in the male cohort. For predicting degraded TBS, the optimal WWI cut-offs were 11.257 cm/√kg (S: 61.1%, E: 80.7%) in males and 11.247 cm/√kg (S: 70.3%, E: 71.1%) in females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight WWI as a novel and potentially more precise indicator of body fat, associated with diminished bone quality rather than solely low bone mass in patients with T2D in China. These results suggest that evaluating bone health in individuals with higher WWI may require more than just bone mass assessment. The results also suggest that the optimal WWI cut-off points for predicting degraded TBS are approximately 11.25 cm/√kg, highlighting thresholds for fracture risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer among the diabetic population: a comprehensive review of biomarker screening strategies.","authors":"Jie Yang, Chengming Wen, Hongkai Guo, Yahui Chai, Guodong Sun, Huijuan Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01750-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01750-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by challenging early diagnosis, limited therapeutic options, and a poor prognosis. Diabetes mellitus, marked by altered glucose metabolism, has emerged as a significant risk factor for PDAC development, highlighting a complex, bidirectional pathogenic relationship. This review systematically examines the intricate interactions between diabetes and PDAC, emphasizing their shared pathophysiological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms can inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes by concurrently managing diabetes and pancreatic cancer. We further evaluate current biomarker screening approaches for PDAC within diabetic subpopulations, assess the effectiveness of screening programs among high-risk groups, and propose practical strategies for the early identification and monitoring of PDAC. Early detection in diabetic individuals through targeted biomarker screening followed by timely therapeutic intervention may significantly reduce mortality, improve survival rates, and extend patient longevity. In conclusion, an integrated approach combining early diagnosis, targeted treatments, and a detailed understanding of the underlying pathogenesis represents the most promising strategy for enhancing clinical outcomes and survival among diabetic patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the impact of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) agonist on cardiometabolic health: inflammatory mediators at the focus.","authors":"Fang Cheng, Xinyu Niu, Yaoling Wang, Fan Yang, Kang Yang, Wei Li","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01744-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01744-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) are well-established drug targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Studies have linked GLP-1R agonist to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), while the therapeutic potential of the GIPR agonist remains a topic of debate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using genetic variants as instrumental variables, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate causal relationships between genetically proxied GIPR agonist and 23 CMD outcomes, and a two-step mediation analysis to identify mediating inflammatory biomarkers. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical approach, supplemented by sensitivity analyses to validate robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genetic mimicry of GIPR enhancement showed significant protective associations with 14 CMDs. Mediation analysis revealed that Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) partially mediated the effects of GIPR agonist on angina (OR 0.997 [0.995-0.999], P = 0.0048) and myocardial infarction(MI) (OR 0.998 [0.996-0.999], P = 0.0077), accounting for 15.49% and 16.71% of the total risk reduction, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that GIPR agonist lowers the risk of 14 CMDs. Flt3L is pinpointed as a key mediating factor in reducing angina and MI risk, suggesting a new therapeutic avenue.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous brain activity in patients with type 2 diabetes: linking serum neuroproteins to cognitive ability.","authors":"Zhen Zhang, Wei Wang, Xinyi Yang, Yuting Yang, Bingjie Yang, Yunchuan Ding, Yunxiao Zhang, Xiang Lin, Ping Gu, Fangping Li, Jiaqing Shao","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01727-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01727-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment is a complication of type 2 diabetes with high prevalence and serious harm. This study aims to identify serum and imaging biomarkers of type 2 diabetes with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to study whether spontaneous brain activities evaluated by functional MRI mediate the relationships between these serum neuroprotein biomarkers and cognitive ability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>According to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, 38 patients with MCI and 32 patients with normal cognition in type 2 diabetes were recruited. Serum neuroproteins were determined with Olink Proteomics. Brain activities were evaluated by functional MRI. Logistic regression were performed to determine the biomarkers of type 2 diabetes with MCI. Mediation analysis were performed to examine the potential causal chain between the neuroproteins and cognitive ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of Epiregulin (EREG), Abhydrolase domain containing 14B (ABHD14B) and Inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1) decreased, while the level of Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 2 (CRIP2) increased in type 2 diabetic patients with MCI (FDR p < 0.05). Combination of EREG and CRIP2, a ROC curve was generated with an AUC of 0.85 and an accuracy of 70.0%, and a sensitivity of 86.7% for diagnosing type 2 diabetes with MCI. Brain activities in bilateral superior parietal gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right cerebellum 6, left cerebellum crus1 decreased, while increased in right hippocampus and left middle frontal gyrus in type 2 diabetic patients with MCI (FDR p < 0.05). The mALFF values in the left cerebellum crus-1 mediated 29.1% of the association between the EREG and MoCA scores (p < 0.001). The mALFF values in the right cerebellum-6, left cerebellum crus-1, right hippocampus, right superior parietal gyrus and right postcentral gyrus all significantly and partially mediated the association between ABHD14B levels and MoCA scores, with mediating effects of 21.7%, 27.1%, 25.8%, 20.7% and 19.2%, respectively (all p values < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Type 2 diabetic patients with MCI exhibit specific serum neuroprotein and functional MRI characteristics. The relationships between these neuroproteins and cognitive ability were mediated by spontaneous brain activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio within the normal range and continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"László Barkai, Olivér Rácz, György Eigner, Levente Kovács","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01749-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01749-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Albuminuria within the normal range may predict an increased risk of subsequent nephropathy in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The role of sustained hyperglycaemia in the development of nephropathy is well-known. The relationship between albuminuria within the normal range and parameters of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in childhood has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to analyze this relationship in young T1D patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 54 normoalbuminuric, normotensive, real time CGM user pubertal children and adolescents with T1D were recruited for this study. Patients with medium to high normal (1.0-2.9 mg/mmol; n = 18) and those with low normal (< 1.0 mg/mmol; n = 36) urinary albumin-to-creatinin ratio (UACR) were compared regarding CGM metrics data. Relationships of UACR with clinical variables and CGM-derived metrics were analysed by multiple logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Time in range (TIR) was lower in medium to high normal UACR patients than in low normal UACR patients (mean ± SD: 58.2 ± 8.4% vs. 64.5 ± 10.1%, p = 0.0199). Patients with medium to high normal UACR had a higher coefficient of variation for mean glucose (CV) than those with low normal UACR (42.4 ± 6.0% vs. 38.0 ± 6.1%, p = 0.0163). UACR was related to TIR (r=-0.55, p = 0.02), to CV (r=-0.51, p = 0.04) and to mean glucose (MG) (r=-0.48, p = 0.05). TIR, CV and puberty proved to be independently predictive for medium to high normal UACR [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.70 (0.58-0.92), p = 0.0231; 1.28 (1.02-1.67), p = 0.0222; 1.19 (1.10-1.36), p = 0.0321, respectively].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The duration of the blood glucose level within the target range and the extent of its fluctuation may contribute to the early increase in albumin excretion within the normal range, which may play a role in the development of later complications of childhood T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and the risk of cardiovascular disease in populations with diabetes or prediabetes: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Zheng Wang, Fachao Shi, Long Wang, Caoyang Fang","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01754-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01754-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The relationship between Glycated Hemoglobin Index (HGI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between baseline HGI and CVD risk in U.S. adults with diabetes or prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed data from 10,889 diabetic or prediabetic participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analyses were employed to assess the relationship between HGI and CVD risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore nonlinear associations, along with threshold effect analysis and subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10,889 participants (mean age 52.82 years, 54.57% male) were included in this study. We observed a U-shaped relationship between HGI and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (P nonlinear < 0.0001), heart attack (P nonlinear = 0.0006), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (P nonlinear = 0.0001). The inflection points for HGI concerning CVD, heart attack, and CHF were - 0.140, -0.447, and - 0.140, respectively. When baseline HGI exceeded these thresholds, each unit increase in HGI was significantly associated with higher risks of CVD (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.23-1.48), heart attack(OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.20-1.51), and CHF (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22-1.58).Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in CHF risk associated with HGI across racial groups (interaction P = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals with diabetes and prediabetes, HGI displays a U-shaped relationship with CVD, heart attack, and CHF risks, with threshold values of -0.14, -0.45, and - 0.14, respectively. HGI may serve as a more effective indicator for identifying populations at early risk for cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}