Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome最新文献

{"title":"Serum copper modulates cognitive function in diabetic patients via an HDL-C-mediated pathway: identification of a 25 µg/dL exploratory threshold.","authors":"Jianlong Zhou, Wenxiang Shi, Yayi Jiang, Yadi Li, Rensong Yue","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01938-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01938-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD), a prevalent complication of diabetes with learning, memory, and executive function impairments, lacks targeted therapeutic options. While trace elements, oxidative stress, and inflammation are linked to DACD, the role of serum copper and its interaction with inflammatory/oxidative biomarkers in cognitive regulation remains unclear in diabetic populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, including 1,149 participants (861 non-diabetic, 288 diabetic). Cognitive function was assessed via the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Serum copper levels were measured, alongside inflammatory indices: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index and systemic inflammation response index; and oxidative stress markers: γ-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Associations were analyzed using multivariable linear regression, causal mediation analysis, restricted cubic spline models and sex/age subgroup stratification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetic participants had lower DSST scores than non-diabetic individuals (P < 0.001). In diabetic participants, serum copper was negatively associated with AFT scores (β = - 0.132, P = 0.034) and positively correlated with HDL-C (β = 0.559, P = 2.11e-06). HDL-C was the sole factor that statistically mediated the association between serum copper and DSST scores (average causal mediation effect = 0.095, 95% CI: 0.046-0.153, P < 0.001). A non-linear relationship emerged: HDL-C remained stable at serum copper < 20 µg/dL but increased significantly when copper exceeded 25 µg/dL (P < 0.001). Stratified analyses revealed threshold heterogeneity (all P < 0.05): males had a lower serum copper threshold (24.5 µg/dL, 95% CI: 21.8-27.2) than females (26.1 µg/dL, 95% CI: 23.4-28.8), and adults ≥ 65 years had a higher threshold (27.3 µg/dL, 95% CI: 24.5-30.1) than those < 65 years (23.8 µg/dL, 95% CI: 21.1-26.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies a diabetes-specific statistical association between serum copper, HDL, and cognitive function in DACD. The 25 µg/dL copper threshold (exploratory inflection point) marks where HDL-C-mediated effects become prominent, while sex- and age-specific threshold differences highlight population heterogeneity. This threshold offers a reference for trace element-lipid interaction research but requires validation in independent cohorts before potential use in DACD risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of nine insulin resistance surrogates for predicting cardiovascular disease: a cohort study.","authors":"Haoqi Zhou, Yu Shi, Xiaohua Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01933-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01933-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin resistance (IR) is an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although numerous simple surrogate indicators for IR have been proposed, their comparative predictive utility for CVD remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between nine IR surrogate indicators and incident CVD and to comparatively assess their predictive capacities using nationally representative data from China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>7,662 participants without CVD from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included in the study. Nine IR surrogate measures including triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), and triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) were calculated. Cox model and restricted cubic spline model were used to estimate the relationships between distinct IR surrogates and incident CVD. We also computed the time-dependent Harrell's concordance index (C-index) to compare the predictive performance of IR surrogates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a mean follow-up duration of 8.2 years, a total of 1,906 individuals developed CVD. The full adjusted cox model revealed that per SD increase in all IR indicators was significantly associated with elevated CVD risk, with the hazard ratio (95%CI) of 1.09 (1.04-1.14) for TyG; 1.05 (1.01-1.10) for TG/HDL-C; 1.09 (1.03-1.14) for METS-IR; 1.13 (1.08-1.19) for CVAI; 1.07 (1.03-1.12) for LAP; 1.08 (1.03-1.13) for AIP; 1.10 (1.05-1.15) for TyG-BMI; 1.11 (1.06-1.16) for TyG-WC; and 1.11 (1.05-1.16) for TyG-WHtR. Predictive performance analysis showed TyG had the highest C-index of 0.742 (95% CI, 0.737-0.747).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among nine IR surrogates, the TyG index exhibited the highest predictive performance for incident CVD in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Acknowledging limitations such as the observational design and self-reported outcomes, our findings support the TyG index as a simple, powerful, and clinically accessible tool for early CVD risk prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with types 1 or 2 diabetes receiving insulin therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mayra Souza Botelho, Julia Simões Correa Galendi, Mariana Andrades Fiorini Monteiro Novo, Vania Dos Santos Nunes-Nogueira","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01935-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01935-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monitoring glucose levels is crucial for managing glycemic control. Methods include self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG), continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the efficacy of isCGM versus SMBG in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on insulin therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review including randomized controlled trials involving patients over 4 years old with T1DM or T2DM on multiple daily insulin regimens, comparing isCGM to SMBG. The outcomes analyzed were HbA1c (%), time below the target glucose range (TBR), patient satisfaction (DTSQ), device-related adverse events, time in range (TIR), and hypoglycemic events. Searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. Two independent reviewers screened studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data. The meta-analyses employed a random-effects model, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated via the GRADE system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies with 1,860 participants were included. The isCGM demonstrated a moderate certainty of evidence for reducing HbA1c (Mean difference [MD]: -0.25%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -0.39- -0.10%; I²: 82.6% 13 studies; 1,482 patients) and enhancing patient satisfaction (MD: 4.5, 95% CI: 2.18- 6.82; I²: 92.9%; 10 studies; 1,150 patients). Meta-regression revealed that intervention duration was a significant moderator of HbA1c reduction. isCGM also favored a reduction in TBR, with an MD of -0.15% (95% CI: -0.23- -0.07%; I²: 96.7% 8 studies; 1,094 patients; low certainty). Mild device-related adverse events were more common in the isCGM group (Relative risk: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.5- 4.81; I²: 0%; 7 studies; 991 participants; moderate certainty). The overall frequency of participants who discontinued isCGM due to cutaneous adverse events was 1% (95% CI: 0-6%; 7 studies; 533 participants). No clear effects were observed for TIR (MD: 0.02%, 95% CI: -0.05- 0.1%; I²: 79.6%; 11 studies; 1,318 patients; very low certainty) or hypoglycemic episodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with SMBG, isCGM reduces HbA1c, enhances patient satisfaction, and reduces TBR. However, it may increase the incidence of mild device-related adverse events. No definitive effects were observed on the TIR or hypoglycemia frequency.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42024562805.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of CALLY index with NAFLD in U.S. adults from NHANES 2017-2020 assessed by vibration-controlled transient elastography.","authors":"Xunge Lin, Xiaozhen Huang, Ziqun Yi, Minran Li, Xujing Liang","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01926-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01926-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation and is closely associated with inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The C‑reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index, a composite marker of inflammation, immunity, and nutritional status, remains understudied in relation to NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A crosssectional analysis was conducted using data from 7,271 U.S. adults in NHANES 2017-2020. NAFLD was defined by vibrationcontrolled transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) > 274 dB/m. Weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, and twopiecewise logistic regression were applied to assess linear and nonlinear associations between the CALLY index and NAFLD prevalence. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the consistency and robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean CALLY index was 8.08 (SD 12.42). Higher CALLY levels were inversely associated with NAFLD prevalence ( OR  = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1 < 1.90), the highest quartile (Q4 > 10.00) showed a 61% lower prevalence of NAFLD (OR = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.24-0.64). RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear relationship, with a threshold at 8.91; below this value, each unit increase in the CALLY index corresponded to a 10% reduction in NAFLD prevalence (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88-0.92). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results, confirming the robustness of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CALLY index demonstrates a significant inverse association with NAFLD prevalence and may serve as a simple composite indicator for identifying individuals at higher likelihood of NAFLD, providing additional insights to inform future screening and risk‑stratification research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluation of liraglutide vs dulaglutide or oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.","authors":"Lu Wang, Fei Wang, Yinglin Wang, Quan Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01927-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01927-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The management of type 2 diabetes not only requires effective medications to regulate blood glucose levels, but also needs to consider the economic implications. Liraglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide, three widely-used glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have shown significant efficacy in diabetes treatment. This review aimed to systematically assess the cost-effectiveness of liraglutide in comparison to dulaglutide or oral semaglutide for treating type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane. Studies published up to December 31, 2024 were retrieved. Two independent reviewers carefully screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, and any disagreements were resolved with the involvement of a third reviewer. Data extraction was carried out following a pre-designed form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 studies were included, evaluating liraglutide vs. dulaglutide (n = 8) and liraglutide vs. oral semaglutide (n = 6). The minimum consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards score for the studies was 0.75. The included studies exhibited similar results in cost-effective. Oral semaglutide would be more effective and cost-saving in the US, Netherlands, Spain, and the UK. According to the available studies, liraglutide vs. dulaglutide or oral semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is considered not to be cost-effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cost-effectiveness also plays a vital role in the inclusion of these drugs in healthcare reimbursement policies. The literature suggested that dulaglutide or oral semaglutide may be more cost-effective than liraglutide.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: concordance with clinical and instrumental assessments.","authors":"Francesco Piarulli, Eugenio Ragazzi, Chiara Celeste Celsan, Annunziata Lapolla, Giovanni Sartore","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01910-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01910-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm in estimating the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 532 T2D patients from the Diabetology Unit in Padova, Italy, were analyzed using the Metaclinic AI Prediction Module, which estimates the probability of heart and cerebrovascular organ damage. For patients identified as \"Very high\" (n = 63) or \"Low\" (n = 122) risk for heart disease, additional clinical and instrumental data on their cardiac history were collected. The level of agreement between AI predictions and traditional clinical-instrumental diagnostics was assessed using Cohen's κ coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the \"Very high\" risk group, the agreement between AI predictions and clinical diagnostics for heart disease was poor (κ = 0.00), while prediction for cerebrovascular disease showed excellent agreement (κ = 0.89). Similarly, in the \"Low\" risk group, agreement for heart disease remained poor (κ = 0.00), but agreement for cerebrovascular disease was again high (κ = 0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A marked difference was observed in the algorithm's performance. While the AI showed strong predictive ability for cerebrovascular complications, it failed to reliably predict heart disease risk. These results suggest that the algorithm may be clinically valuable for cerebrovascular risk assessment but needs refinement for cardiac prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on type 3 diabetes: bridging the gap between metabolic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Fereshteh Atabi, Mahdi Moassesfar, Tara Nakhaie, Mobina Bagherian, Niloufar Hosseinpour, Mehrdad Hashemi","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01930-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01930-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly associated with metabolic dysfunction, particularly insulin resistance, which impairs neuronal signaling and energy metabolism. Disruption of brain insulin pathways contributes to amyloid-beta accumulation, tau pathology, and neuroinflammation. These shared features have led to the concept of \"Type 3 Diabetes\" (T3D). This review aims to investigate the molecular links between insulin resistance and AD and to highlight emerging therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies published between January 2010 and July 2025. Search terms included \"Diabetes Mellitus\", \"Insulin Resistance\", \"Alzheimer Disease\", \"Nerve Degeneration\", \"Cognitive Dysfunction\", and other related molecular and clinical keywords. After removing duplicates and applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 213 peer-reviewed articles were included in the final analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insulin resistance was consistently identified as a key pathological driver, impairing brain glucose uptake, amyloid-beta clearance, and tau phosphorylation. Disruption of insulin signaling pathways, especially PI3K/Akt and GLUT4 translocation, was associated with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive decline. Additionally, transcriptomic data highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs, including MEG3 and MALAT1, in modulating insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, linking metabolic imbalance to neuronal dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Insulin resistance and disrupted glucose metabolism play a central role in the development and progression of AD, supporting the concept of T3D. Targeting these pathways shows promising neuroprotective potential. Future studies should focus on validating these interventions in large-scale clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative review of metabolic syndrome and its relationships with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gonadal dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea.","authors":"Doha Reda","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01903-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01903-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome is an emerging health problem, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Therefore, we first aimed to investigate its pathophysiology, focusing on the insulin resistance state and the consumption of high-calorie diets. In addition, previous studies have shown an association between metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gonadal dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea, but little is known about the nature of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and these conditions. Therefore, second, we aimed to investigate this relationship to better predict the risk of these diseases in MetS patients and vice versa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive search in multiple scientific databases to examine the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and to investigate the nature of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and these conditions. The selection of the articles included in this review is based on their pertinence to the research issue, methodological rigor, and contribution to the field.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed that insulin resistance and high fructose consumption are two important contributors to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, a bidirectional relationship was detected between metabolic syndrome and both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and secondary male hypogonadism. Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and testosterone deficiency can lead to metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance, which in turn exacerbate this clinical condition. A mutual relationship between metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome has been demonstrated, with similar risk factors and treatment strategies. Finally, an independent relationship was found between obstructive sleep apnea and the components of metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metabolic syndrome is closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gonadal dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea. It is therefore recommended that further studies be conducted to better understand these relationships to develop a comprehensive treatment strategy for metabolic health and these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in Parkinson's disease: an updated comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohamed Mohsen Helal, Hala AbouShawareb, Omarfayez Hussein Abbas, Roaa Haddad, Youmna Zain, Ahmed S A Osman, Amr K Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01888-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01888-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as more severe and rapid motor and non-motor deterioration in diabetic PD patients compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. Additional research has suggested that diabetic subjects treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists exhibit a reduced incidence of PD compared to those receiving other anti-diabetic medications. GLP-1 receptor agonists are FDA-approved therapies for T2DM, and recent studies have explored their potential as repurposed treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, AD, and ALS, as well as cerebrovascular disorders. This systematic review aims to assess the available literature on the efficacy and safety profiles of GLP-1 receptor agonists in PD management. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted to identify relevant studies. The primary outcomes of this review include motor impairment in PD, as assessed by MDS-UPDRS Part III, as well as motor complications (Part IV) and motor experiences of daily living (Part II), and the incidence of gastrointestinal and systemic side effects. Meta-analysis showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly improved motor function, as reflected by MDS-UPDRS Part III scores in the ON state (mean difference = - 2.88; p = 0.01; I² = 30%), although they were associated with a higher incidence of adverse events across all safety outcomes. Findings and conclusions of this review will contribute to a clearer understanding of the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in PD, guiding future clinical research and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between atherogenic index of plasma and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mediating effect of BMI: a comparative analysis in Chinese and Japanese populations.","authors":"Yuheng Liao, Yong Han, Changchun Cao, Haiying Song, Haofei Hu","doi":"10.1186/s13098-025-01907-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13098-025-01907-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has emerged as a promising predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but population-specific patterns and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the association between AIP and T2DM risk in Chinese and Japanese populations, focusing on non-linear relationships, population-specific thresholds, and the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the China Rich Healthcare Group (n = 112,483) and the Japanese NAGALA database (n = 15,453). AIP was calculated as log10[triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)]. T2DM was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, or self-reported diabetes during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models with restricted cubic splines were used to examine non-linear relationships. Two-piecewise regression models identified population-specific thresholds, and formal mediation analyses quantified BMI's mediating effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, 1,801 participants (1.41%) developed T2DM. AIP demonstrated a significant positive association with T2DM risk in both populations: hazard ratio (HR) per unit increase: Chinese 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-2.21; Japanese 2.42, 95% CI 1.67-3.52) after comprehensive adjustment. We identified distinct population-specific non-linear relationships with different threshold effects: in Chinese participants, T2DM risk increased significantly until AIP reached 0.436, while in Japanese participants, significant risk elevation began at AIP values exceeding - 0.449. BMI mediated a considerably higher proportion of the total effect in Chinese (39.84%) compared to Japanese participants (27.11%), indicating differential pathophysiological mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal substantial population-specific differences in the AIP-T2DM relationship, including population-specific thresholds and mediation pathways. These results underscore the importance of population-tailored screening strategies and suggest that interventions targeting lipid metabolism and BMI management may have varying efficacy across East Asian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11106,"journal":{"name":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17 1","pages":"349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}