Current topics in microbiology and immunology最新文献_第7页

Immunology of Pregnancy and Systemic Consequences. 妊娠免疫学和系统后果。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_10

Fiona M Menzies

引用次数: 0

Genome Structure, Life Cycle, and Taxonomy of Coronaviruses and the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2. 冠状病毒基因组结构、生命周期和分类与SARS-CoV-2的进化

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_9

Kevin Lamkiewicz, Luis Roger Esquivel Gomez, Denise Kühnert, Manja Marz

{"title":"Genome Structure, Life Cycle, and Taxonomy of Coronaviruses and the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Kevin Lamkiewicz, Luis Roger Esquivel Gomez, Denise Kühnert, Manja Marz","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_9","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses have a broad host range and exhibit high zoonotic potential. In this chapter, we describe their genomic organization in terms of encoded proteins and provide an introduction to the peculiar discontinuous transcription mechanism. Further, we present evolutionary conserved genomic RNA secondary structure features, which are involved in the complex replication mechanism. With a focus on computational methods, we review the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 starting with the 2019 strains. In that context, we also discuss the debated hypothesis of whether SARS-CoV-2 was created in a laboratory. We focus on the molecular evolution and the epidemiological dynamics of this recently emerged pathogen and we explain how variants of concern are detected and characterised. COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, can spread through different transmission routes and also depends on a number of risk factors. We describe how current computational models of viral epidemiology, or more specifically, phylodynamics, have facilitated and will continue to enable a better understanding of the epidemic dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"439 ","pages":"305-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

ZBP1/DAI-Dependent Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Immunity and Pathogenesis. 甲型流感病毒免疫和发病过程中依赖 ZBP1/DAI 的细胞死亡途径

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_190

Paul G Thomas, Maria Shubina, Siddharth Balachandran

{"title":"ZBP1/DAI-Dependent Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Immunity and Pathogenesis.","authors":"Paul G Thomas, Maria Shubina, Siddharth Balachandran","doi":"10.1007/82_2019_190","DOIUrl":"10.1007/82_2019_190","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza A viruses (IAV) are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family of negative-sense RNA viruses. The greatest diversity of IAV strains is found in aquatic birds, but a subset of strains infects other avian as well as mammalian species, including humans. In aquatic birds, infection is largely restricted to the gastrointestinal tract and spread is through feces, while in humans and other mammals, respiratory epithelial cells are the primary sites supporting productive replication and transmission. IAV triggers the death of most cell types in which it replicates, both in culture and in vivo. When well controlled, such cell death is considered an effective host defense mechanism that eliminates infected cells and limits virus spread. Unchecked or inopportune cell death also results in immunopathology. In this chapter, we discuss the impact of cell death in restricting virus spread, supporting the adaptive immune response and driving pathogenesis in the mammalian respiratory tract. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the signaling pathways underlying IAV-activated cell death. These pathways, initiated by the pathogen sensor protein ZBP1 (also called DAI and DLM1), cause infected cells to undergo apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. We outline mechanisms of ZBP1-mediated cell death signaling following IAV infection.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"41-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/82_2019_190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37569772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Gastric Epithelial Barrier Disruption, Inflammation and Oncogenic Signal Transduction by Helicobacter pylori. 幽门螺杆菌导致的胃上皮屏障破坏、炎症和致癌信号转导

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_8

Michael Naumann, Lorena Ferino, Irshad Sharafutdinov, Steffen Backert

{"title":"Gastric Epithelial Barrier Disruption, Inflammation and Oncogenic Signal Transduction by Helicobacter pylori.","authors":"Michael Naumann, Lorena Ferino, Irshad Sharafutdinov, Steffen Backert","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_8","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori exemplifies one of the most favourable bacterial pathogens worldwide. The bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa in about half of the human population and constitutes a major risk factor for triggering gastric diseases such as stomach cancer. H. pylori infection represents a prime example of chronic inflammation and cancer-inducing bacterial pathogens. The microbe utilizes a remarkable set of virulence factors and strategies to control cellular checkpoints of inflammation and oncogenic signal transduction. This chapter emphasizes on the pathogenicity determinants of H. pylori such as the cytotoxin-associated genes pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-encoded type-IV secretion system (T4SS), effector protein CagA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) metabolite ADP-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose), cytotoxin VacA, serine protease HtrA, and urease, and how they manipulate various key host cell signaling networks in the gastric epithelium. In particular, we highlight the H. pylori-induced disruption of cell-to-cell junctions, pro-inflammatory activities, as well as proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic responses. Here we review these hijacked signal transduction events and their impact on gastric disease development.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"444 ","pages":"207-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Sex Hormones and X Chromosome in Immune Responses. 性激素和X染色体对免疫应答的影响。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_2

Nina Anesi, Charles-Henry Miquel, Sophie Laffont, Jean-Charles Guéry

引用次数: 0

Viral Fitness, Population Complexity, Host Interactions, and Resistance to Antiviral Agents. 病毒适应度、种群复杂性、宿主相互作用和抗病毒药物耐药性。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_6

Esteban Domingo, Carlos García-Crespo, María Eugenia Soria, Celia Perales

{"title":"Viral Fitness, Population Complexity, Host Interactions, and Resistance to Antiviral Agents.","authors":"Esteban Domingo, Carlos García-Crespo, María Eugenia Soria, Celia Perales","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_6","url":null,"abstract":"Fitness of viruses has become a standard parameter to quantify their adaptation to a biological environment. Fitness determinations for RNA viruses (and some highly variable DNA viruses) meet with several uncertainties. Of particular interest are those that arise from mutant spectrum complexity, absence of population equilibrium, and internal interactions among components of a mutant spectrum. Here, concepts, fitness measurements, limitations, and current views on experimental viral fitness landscapes are discussed. The effect of viral fitness on resistance to antiviral agents is covered in some detail since it constitutes a widespread problem in antiviral pharmacology, and a challenge for the design of effective antiviral treatments. Recent evidence with hepatitis C virus suggests the operation of mechanisms of antiviral resistance additional to the standard selection of drug-escape mutants. The possibility that high replicative fitness may be the driver of such alternative mechanisms is considered. New broad-spectrum antiviral designs that target viral fitness may curtail the impact of drug-escape mutants in treatment failures. We consider to what extent fitness-related concepts apply to coronaviruses and how they may affect strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"439 ","pages":"197-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Plant Virus Adaptation to New Hosts: A Multi-scale Approach. 植物病毒对新寄主的适应:多尺度研究

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_5

Santiago F Elena, Fernando García-Arenal

{"title":"Plant Virus Adaptation to New Hosts: A Multi-scale Approach.","authors":"Santiago F Elena, Fernando García-Arenal","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_5","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses are studied at each level of biological complexity: from within-cells to ecosystems. The same basic evolutionary forces and principles operate at each level: mutation and recombination, selection, genetic drift, migration, and adaptive trade-offs. Great efforts have been put into understanding each level in great detail, hoping to predict the dynamics of viral population, prevent virus emergence, and manage their spread and virulence. Unfortunately, we are still far from this. To achieve these ambitious goals, we advocate for an integrative perspective of virus evolution. Focusing in plant viruses, we illustrate the pervasiveness of the above-mentioned principles. Beginning at the within-cell level, we describe replication modes, infection bottlenecks, and cellular contagion rates. Next, we move up to the colonization of distal tissues, discussing the fundamental role of random events. Then, we jump beyond the individual host and discuss the link between transmission mode and virulence. Finally, at the community level, we discuss properties of virus-plant infection networks. To close this review we propose the multilayer network theory, in which elements at different layers are connected and submit to their own dynamics that feed across layers, resulting in new emerging properties, as a way to integrate information from the different levels.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"439 ","pages":"167-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease: Responses to Helicobacter pylori Metabolism and Impact in Gastric Cancer Development. 健康与疾病中的线粒体功能：幽门螺杆菌代谢的反应及其对胃癌发展的影响

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3

Javier Torres, Eliette Touati

{"title":"Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease: Responses to Helicobacter pylori Metabolism and Impact in Gastric Cancer Development.","authors":"Javier Torres, Eliette Touati","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria are major cellular organelles that play an essential role in metabolism, stress response, immunity, and cell fate. Mitochondria are organized in a network with other cellular compartments, functioning as a signaling hub to maintain cells' health. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and genome alterations are associated with diseases including cancer. Mitochondria are a preferential target for pathogens, which have developed various mechanisms to hijack cellular functions for their benefit. Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the major risk factor for gastric cancer development. H. pylori induces oxidative stress and chronic gastric inflammation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Its pro-apoptotic cytotoxin VacA interacts with the mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to increased permeability and decreased ATP production. Furthermore, H. pylori induces mitochondrial DNA damage and mutation, concomitant with the development of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia as observed in infected mice. In this chapter, we present diverse aspects of the role of mitochondria as energy supplier and signaling hubs and their adaptation to stress conditions. The metabolic activity of mitochondria is directly linked to biosynthetic pathways. While H. pylori virulence factors and derived metabolites are essential for gastric colonization and niche adaptation, they may also impact mitochondrial function and metabolism, and may have consequences in gastric pathogenesis. Importantly, during its long way to reach the gastric epithelium, H. pylori faces various cellular types along the gastric mucosa. We discuss how the mitochondrial response of these different cells is affected by H. pylori and impacts the colonization and bacterium niche adaptation and point to areas that remain to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"444 ","pages":"53-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simian Varicella Virus: Molecular Virology and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis. 猿猴水痘病毒:分子病毒学和发病机制。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_241

Allen Jankeel, Izabela Coimbra-Ibraim, Ilhem Messaoudi

引用次数: 0

Lassa Fever Natural History and Clinical Management. 拉沙热自然史及临床管理。

3区医学

Current topics in microbiology and immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/82_2023_263

Donald S Grant, Robert J Samuels, Robert F Garry, John S Schieffelin

{"title":"Lassa Fever Natural History and Clinical Management.","authors":"Donald S Grant, Robert J Samuels, Robert F Garry, John S Schieffelin","doi":"10.1007/82_2023_263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2023_263","url":null,"abstract":"Lassa fever is caused by Lassa virus (LASV), an Old World Mammarenavirus that is carried by Mastomys natalensis and other rodents. It is endemic in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and other countries in West Africa. The clinical presentation of LASV infection is heterogenous varying from an inapparent or mild illness to a fatal hemorrhagic fever. Exposure to LASV is usually through contact with rodent excreta. After an incubation period of 1-3 weeks, initial symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue develop that may progress to sore throat, retrosternal chest pain, conjunctival injection, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Severe illness, including hypotension, shock, and multiorgan failure, develops in a minority of patients. Patient demographics and case fatality rates are distinctly different in Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Laboratory diagnosis relies on the detection of LASV antigens or genomic RNA. LASV-specific immunoglobulin G and M assays can also contribute to clinical management. The mainstay of treatment for Lassa fever is supportive care. The nucleoside analog ribavirin is commonly used to treat acute Lassa fever but is considered useful only if treatment is begun early in the disease course. Drugs in development, including a monoclonal antibody cocktail, have the potential to impact the management of Lassa fever.","PeriodicalId":11102,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology","volume":"440 ","pages":"165-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9827282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0