Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022最新文献

{"title":"Why are Variation and English as a Lingua Franca Important Tools within the EFL Class?","authors":"Viviana Gallo","doi":"10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/003","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the importance of variation and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) within the EFL class, as this language shows a plurality of native and non-native varieties. Most of the interactions take place between speakers of different L1, where ELF works as a shared code. Concerning variation, this study highlights how its use allows learners to mirror the cultural identity of their interlocutors by developing extremely effective mutual understanding. Finally, examples of experience-based activities show how the use of communication strategies elicits important life skills, whose development is strongly recommended by Agenda 2030.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75265997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Functional Learning of Imperative Constructions in Portuguese as Foreign Language\u0000 The Didactisation of Authentic Injunctive Materials","authors":"Maria Antonietta Rossi","doi":"10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/005","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the didactic sequence model developed in the context of the glottodidatics to promote the real use of the target language in a socio-discursive perspective, the present work presents two proposals based on the pedagogical transposition process of authentic injunctive materials (‘cooking recipe’ and ‘assembly instructions’), with communicative and collaborative approaches, in order to promote for levels A2 and B1 the Meaningful Learning of imperative constructions in Portuguese as a Foreign Language, whose assimilation difficulty in the cognitive domain is recurrent in Italian-speaking students.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81771279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliography of Language Education in Italy\u0000 2021 Update","authors":"P. Balboni","doi":"10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/001","url":null,"abstract":"This bibliography, edited by the Research Center in Language Education of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice with the patronage of the Society for Didactics of Languages and Educational Linguistics (DILLE), collects the studies of educational linguistics published in 2021 in Italy or by Italian scholars around the world. The complete online version, which has been regularly updated since 1960, is available at https://www.unive.it/pag/16976 and http://www.societadille.it.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87110478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Language Motivation in Distance Learning\u0000 A Study on Academic FL Online Activities During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy","authors":"Michela Gronchi","doi":"10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/006","url":null,"abstract":"This article belongs to the ongoing debate in online FL (foreign language) motivation, which was brought into the limelight by the COVID-19 outbreak. More broadly, it stands vis-à-vis the theoretical framework of FL learning motivation in the distance learning context and the role of the learning experience on students’ FL motivation. The study was conducted with 76 university students attending an online foreign language course as part of their academic curriculum and examines the impact of online individual and collaborative activities on students’ FL motivation. Data was collected through a self-completion questionnaire, which was published online. Findings indicate that even if respondents show a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motives to participate in the activities, their motivation to persevere learning tends mostly towards internal sources regardless of whether they engage in individual or collaborative activities.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74570834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relation Between the Difficulty of Italian Texts and Language Level in the Reading Skill","authors":"Antonio Venturis","doi":"10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/002","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to show the readability limits of the B and C language level Italian texts, which can be used for the reading assessment and the characteristics they depend on. For this purpose, 184 Italian texts used in the certification exams of the KPG system were analysed in an attempt to reveal the main traits (quantitative, lexical and syntactic) of the texts defining their readability and their correlation with the language level for which they are intended. The correlation analysis indicated that cognitive characteristics are more important than quantitative characteristics, while a high correlation of lexical variables with B1 and B2 levels and syntactic variables with C1 and C2 levels emerged.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91030753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing in Italian L2\u0000 A Study on the Referential Movement and the Mechanisms of Cohesion in Descriptive and Narrative Texts","authors":"Fabiana Cupido","doi":"10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/elle/2280-6792/2022/01/004","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study on L2 writing in Italian and it aims to analyse the organisation of the information and the mechanisms of cohesion in descriptive and narrative texts written by Chinese speaking university students. For this purpose, the study, within the framework of the Quaestio model, examines, on the one hand, the global text structure and, on the other, the referential movement in the domains of time, space, persons and objects. Finally, it focuses on the cohesive devices employed by the informants. The results highlight differences between descriptive and narrative texts, concerning both the distribution of the information and cohesive relations.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78109569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web lateral instability caused by nonuniform paper properties","authors":"Fred J. Parent, J. Hamel, David Mcdonald","doi":"10.32964/tj21.9.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj21.9.22","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral or cross-machine direction (CD) web movement in printing or converting can cause problems such as misregistration, wrinkles, breaks, and folder issues. The role of paper properties in this problem was\u0000studied by measuring lateral web positions on commercial printing presses and on a pilot-scale roll testing facility (RTF). The findings clearly showed that CD profiles of machine direction (MD) tension were a key factor in web stability. Uneven tension profiles cause the web to move towards the low-tension side. Although extremely nonuniform tension profiles are visible as bagginess, more often, tension profiles must be detected by precision devices such as the RTF. Once detected, the profiles may be analyzed to determine the cause of web offset and weaving problems. Causes of tension profiles can originate from nonuniform paper properties. For example, by means of case studies, we show that an uneven moisture profile entering the dryer section can lead to a nonuniform tension profile and lateral web movement. Time-varying changes in basis weight or stiffness may also lead to oscillations in the web’s lateral position. These problems were corrected by identifying the root cause and making appropriate changes. In addition, we developed a mathematical model of lateral stability that explains the underlying mechanisms and can be used to understand and correct causes of lateral web instability","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77094693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing prehydrolyzed kraft dissolving pulp via phosphotungstic acid prehydrolysis from grape branches","authors":"Li Tao, Maying Hua, Zhang JUN KE","doi":"10.32964/tj21.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj21.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolving pulp was successfully prepared via phosphotungstic acid (PTA) prehydrolysis kraft (PHK) cooking followed by an elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching process from grape branches. The effects of prehydrolysis\u0000temperature, reaction time, and PTA concentration that potentially affect the quality of dissolving pulp product on chemical components of pulp were studied via an orthogonal experiment. The structure of lignin was activated during the PTA prehydrolysis phase, and lignin was easily removed during the following cooking process. Thus, relatively mild conditions (140°C, 100 min) can be used in the cooking process. During the prehydrolysis phase, temperature exhibited the most significant influence on the cellulose purity of the obtained pulp fiber, followed by reaction\u0000time and PTA concentration. The optimized prehydrolysis conditions were as follows: prehydrolysis temperature, 145°C; reaction time, 75 min; and PTA concentration, 1 wt%. Whether the excessively high prehydrolysis\u0000temperature or prolonging the reaction time did not favor the retention of long chain cellulose, the delignification selectivity for the cooking process could not be further improved by excessive PTA loading. Under these prehydrolysis conditions, 94.1% and 29.0% for α-cellulose content and total yield could be achieved after the given cooking and bleaching conditions, respectively. Moreover, the chemical structure and crystal form of cellulose were scarcely changed after PTA prehydrolysis, which could be confirmed by results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). PTA prehydrolysis could be considered as an alternative method for preparing PHK dissolving pulp under relatively mild cooking conditions.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"61 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77462100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial load and proliferation associated with various face mask types and sources during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Srinivasan Narasimhan, Meenashree Balakrishnan, O. J. Ayodeji, S. Ramkumar","doi":"10.32964/tj21.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj21.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the shortage of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic, homemade face coverings were recommended as alternatives. However, the capability of alternative face coverings to proliferate microbes have not been fully documented. The current study evaluated bacterial load and proliferation associated with the use of common face masks during\u0000the COVID-19 pandemic. Mask type-specific and surface-related bacterial load and pattern were noticeable in the study. Results indicated that roadside masks are among samples that contained relatively higher initial bacterial load. The highest number of bacterial forming colonies were observed in the inner surface of mask samples. Proliferation of microbes over time was also noticeable among the non-certified face coverings included in the study. Sterilization or washing of non-certified fabric face masks before use is recommended.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"1149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88328039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of ATR-IR measurements to predict the deinking efficiency of UV-cured inks","authors":"Hirohiko Koizumi, Masato Takayama, Seiki Yoneshige, Shisei Goto","doi":"10.32964/tj21.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj21.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, ultraviolet (UV)-curable ink has been developed and widely used in various printing applications. However, using UV-printed products (UV prints) in recovered paper recycling causes end-product dirt specks and quality issues. \u0000\u0000A new method was developed that can distinguish UV prints from other prints by means of attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. Application of this method could allow more efficient use of UV prints as raw materials for paper recycling. \u0000\u0000First, a mill trial was performed using UV prints alone as raw materials in a deinked pulp (DIP) process. Second, test prints were made with four types of UV inks: a conventional UV ink and three different highly-sensitive UV inks. Each print sample had four levels of four-color ink coverage patterns (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%). Next, drinkability of all prints was evaluated by laboratory experiments. Finally, each print was measured using the ATR-IR method,\u0000and the relationship between the IR spectra and deinkability was investigated. \u0000\u0000Mill trial results showed that UV prints caused more than 20 times as many dirt specks as those printed with conventional oil-based ink. There were variations in recycling performance among UV prints taken from bales used for the mill trial. Lab tests clearly revealed that not all UV-printed products lead to dirt specks. \u0000\u0000In order to clarify the factors that affected deinkability of UV prints, the print samples were investigated by lab\u0000experiments. Key findings from lab experiments include:\u0000\u0000• The number of dirt specks larger than 250 μm in diameter increased as the ink coverage increased.\u0000• Higher ink coverage area showed stronger intensity of ATR-IR spectral bands associated with inks. These results\u0000indicate that deinkability of UV prints could be predicted by analysis of ATR-IR spectra.\u0000• Finally, the method was applied for assessment of recovered paper from commercial printing presses. It was confirmed that this method made it possible to distinguish easily deinkable UV prints from other UV prints.\u0000\u0000Based on these findings, we concluded that the ATR-IR method is applicable for inspection of incoming recovered\u0000paper.","PeriodicalId":11087,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Tue, January 11, 2022","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77579656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}