Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida最新文献

{"title":"Cement Stone Blocks at Kopgalis in the Curonian Spit: Origin and Formation Background","authors":"A. Štuopys, Romaldas Adomavičius","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.20","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of experimental and archive research as well as on historical photo-graphs, the article analyzes the composition, origin and formation background of cement stone blocks (the blocks of hardened Portland cement paste) laid along the southern breakwater of Klaipeda port on the seaside of the Curonian Spit at Kopgalis and periodically uncovered during big storms. The surface condition, internal structure and chemical and mineral composition of these blocks provide sufficient evidence for an assessment that the blocks were formed from Portland cement hydrated in sea water without mixing (in dormant state) over a long time. The archive documents of Klaipeda port and investigation into the press publications of that period in question have evidenced that these barrel-shaped cement stone blocks relate to the shipment of Portland cement that was delivered from Gotland Island, most probably from Slite cement factory on the boat Grisslan that sank in the port entrance channel in 1924. The shipment (about 340 tons) was ordered by Lithuanian company Sandėlis. The composition of Portland cement shipped from Sweden is similar to that of modern Portland cement, however, it has a relatively higher content of chrome oxide; cement stone blocks also display the stripes of lime. These are the features characteristic of Portland cement produced at the turn of the 20th century. A long-term contact of the block with sea water resulted in higher salt content in the blocks. The motor sailing-boat sank due to technical reasons – low engine capacity and rigging not suitable for the stormy weather. During investigation into sinking accident, neither the captain and the crew nor the pilots and other port services were found at fault. The accident, its causes and response to the effects were immediately and precisely, however not in sufficient detail, covered by Klaipeda periodicals of different political orientation in 1924. The similarity of offi-cial reports on boat sinking accident delivered to the Ministry of Transport and Communication and articles in Klaipeda newspapers reveal close cooperation between port administration and reporters.  Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132847070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Didactics of Mathematics at the National Pedagogical Institute of Klaipėda (1935–1939)","authors":"Algirdas Ažubalis","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.05","url":null,"abstract":"Mecys Macernis (1897–1968) taught elementary mathematics and didactics at the National Pedagogical Institute of Klaipėda in 1935–1939. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Konigsberg. From 1926 to 1934 he worked as the head master at Tauragė Teachers’ Semi-nary. During the period from 1935 to 1940, M. Macernis was as a vice-director of the National Pedagogical Institute of Klaipėda where since 1937, worked in a position of director. In 1926, he published a methodical course book for the students of the Seminary on teaching arithmetic. During 1925–1928, he published 3 articles about the didactics of mathematics. While living in Klaipėda in 1940, M. Macernis prepared and published a methodical course book on teaching arithmetic and geometry for the students of the Institute. In 1938–1939, he completed his scientific work on the pedagogy of the Middle Ages and a large three volume composition Didactics. M. Macernis left Klaipėda and Pedagogical Institute when this western part of Lithuania was annexed by Hitler. He went to Panevėžys and later to Vilnius which helped him to come back to Lithuania. When Lithuania was occupied by the Bolsheviks, M.Macernis was dismissed from the position of director. In 1941, he was arrested and deported to far inland Russia. After World War II, he worked as a teacher of mathematics in Karaganda region. Having returned to Lithuania after deportation, M. Macernis worked as a teacher of mathematics at one of the schools in Plungė. Starting from 1940, M. Macernis did not write any scientific pedagogical book. Methodical course books of teaching mathematics written by M. Macernis presented the teachers of Lithuania the actual ideas of connections established between teaching and practice as well as between internal and inter-subjective integration that were the issues widely discussed in Western Europe of that time. Pranas Naujokaitis (1905–1976) worked at the National Pedagogical Institute of Klaipėda as a teacher of primary school and as a lecturer of the Institute. He graduated from Marijampolė Teachers’ Seminary and then worked as a teacher in primary schools of Sakiai and Siauliai provinces. In 1933–1935, he worked as a teacher of primary school at Marijampolė Teachers’ Semi-nary. While staying in Klaipėda, P. Naujokaitis completed his studies at the Pedagogical Institute. Within the period from 1936 to 1938, he wrote 3 articles on the didactics of mathematics and compiled a 5 section book of tasks for mathematics. He also did the sixth section but the manuscript was ruined by the military people of the Red Army accommodated at the farmstead owned by P. Naujokaitis parents during the war. Due to the publication of math course books and tasks during the Soviet occupation times, they were monopolized by the Central management in education in Moscow. Starting from 1940, P. Naujokaitis did not write anything new in this area. However, after World War II, he did a lot in the field of the Lithuanian language used in","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124083028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science Research and the History of Science","authors":"Ona Voverienė","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the theory of science research, (the philosophy of science) and analyses relations among different branches of science. It is accepted, that science research and the history of different branches of sciences are the nearest neighbours because some of their methods of investigations are used in several branches of science. Besides, the analysis of some particular questions of science research reveals its historical development as an independent field of science. Science research does differ from the history of science because every branch of science is made of constituents including theory (philosophy), methodology, history and practise. The history of science research stands at the same level as the history of physics, the history of chemistry and the history of mathematics. Another difference in quality between the history of science research and the history of some other branches of science is the goals established by these subjects; the history of particular brances of science strives for answering the question what happened during the exact period of developing that science and what conditions and methods of research had a singnificant impact on the events and achieved results. Science research seeks for establishing the present situation of scientific research and the ways of optimizing them. \"The author of the article recommends to start a new programme with researching the history of science and analyzing the created works of the scientists of the previous generations. Moreover, the author produces recommendations on how to improve the growth of scientific research. Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122943771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entdeckungen beim Lernen der hebräischen Sprache und der Kabbala","authors":"Schlomo Schafir","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.09","url":null,"abstract":"Der nachfolgende Aufsatz ist eine sehr personliche Sicht auf die hebraische Sprache und die Kabbala. Man konnte die nachfolgenden Darlegungen eher als eine personliche Relexion in der Form eins Essays zum Verhaltnis Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur beschreiben. Dem Autorgeht es vor allem darum, die Besonderheiten der hebraischen Sprache und die Schwierigkeiten bei der Ubersetzung des Alten Testamentes darzustellen und diese Darstellung mit bestimmten Relexionen zu verknupfen. Diese Art und Weise der Abhandlung wird nach Auffassung des Autors dem Gegenstand eher gerecht als eine reine wissenschaftliche Darstellung. In diesem Sinne sollen Verbindungen zwischen dem „Alten Testament“, der hebraischen Sprache und ihren (sprach) philosophischen Interpretationen aufgezeigt werden.Dem Leser sollen Parallelen zwischen dem Denken der Kabbala und den heutigen Wegen der Erkenntnis vermittelt werden. Ebenso wird auf den auf moglichen Einluss der judischen Religion auf die fernostlichen Weltreligionen eingegangen. Der Autor mochte mit diesen Relexionen einen bewussten Umgang mit Sprache als universellem Erkenntnis – und Kommunikationsmittel fordern. Kabbala bedeutet in der hebraischen Sprache etwas, was man bekommt. Kabbala fur die Juden ist der vom Gott uberlieferte Inhalt uber die Struktur der Welt, Sinn des Daseins, Interpretationen des Alten Testamentes usw. Kabbala bedeutet den Inhalt des judischen Denkens.  Kennworte: die hebraische Sprache, die judische Philosophie, Kabbala, Ubersetzung des Alten Testamentes, die judische Tradition des Lernens, die Weltreligionen. DOI: 10.3846/est.2009.09 Schlomo Schafir. Discoveries Learning the Hebrew Language and the Cabbala // Evolution of science and technology. Vilnius: Technika, 2009, Vol. 1, No. 1 , p. 102-123 Abstract in English. The article presents a very personal view on the Hebrew language and Cabbala. We could also describe the following contemplations as a personal reflection in essay form related to language, history and culture. The author investigates the peculiarities of the Hebrew language and difficulties in translating the Old Testament linking those with the presentation of particular reflections. The author agrees that such a way of dealing with material is more appropriate than an exclusive scientific presentation. In this sense, the connections between the Old Testament, the Hebrew language and their (from the point of view of the language) philosophical interpretations are to be shown. The parallels between the interpretation of Cabbala and the modern ways of thinking should be conveyed. The paper also deals with a possible influence of the Jewish religion on the Far East World religions. The author supports his reflections in language awareness as basics for understanding and communication. In the Hebrew language, Cabbala means ‘receiving’. The Jews accept Cabbala as the received content of the world structure, the meaning of the being, interpretations of the Old Testament, etc. Cabbala means t","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122988004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Demand and Facilities for Publishing the Journal “The Evolution of Science and Technology”","authors":"R. Ginevičius, Algimantas Nakas","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.01","url":null,"abstract":"Lithuanian scientists investigating the history of science have limited possibilities of publishing personal research papers in scientific journals, and therefore the necessity of publishing a periodical discussing the history of science has arisen. The article deals with the need and possibilities of issuing a scientific journal of the history of science in Lithuania. The authors of the article have reviewed the situation of the discussed subject abroad and identified foreign universities and other establishments of higher education conducting researches on the history of science. It should be noticed that foreign institutions pay careful attention to the history of science organizing a number of congresses and conferences for scientists investigating the history of science, publishing a huge amount of journals coping with the main aspects of the history of science, defending dissertations, training postgraduate students, intensively participating in activities undertaken by the associations of science historians. The start of the history of science in Lithuania brings us back to 1950 and the pathfinder of this branch of history is eminent Professor Paulius Slavėnas (1901–1991). Within the period of 50 years (1940–1990) of Soviet occupation, the Lithuanian scientists of the history of science were suppressed ideologically. Moreover, in the majority of cases, research papers were published in the popular periodicals only. The situation started getting better since 1990 when Lithuania restored national independence. Presently, comparatively many books, monographs and articles focusing on the most famous Lithuanian scientists as well as on the development of science, technology and other researched fields are released. However, no particular emphasis has been shifted on the journal discussing the major points of the history of science. The authors of the paper have explored the situation on the history of science, the format of research activities and the possibilities of publishing a journal of the history of science in Lithuania. The idea has been widely accepted by Lithuanian and foreign scientists investigating the history of science. Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121891470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Restoration of Sacral Objects in Vilnius at the End of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century","authors":"H. Ilgiewicz","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.08","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, due to the initiative of Russian government and Orthodox Church, several grand churches were built in Vilnius. The development and restoration of Catholic sacral objects were practically restricted until the end of Russian rule in 1915, but at the beginning of the 20th century, this restriction was slightly defused. The Catholic community of Vilnius seized this opportunity and began an action of sav-ing sacral objects. The churches of St. Ann and St. Michel and the interior of St. Peter and Paul’s church were restored. The development of new churches in Vilnius was enabled after revolution-ary events in 1905–1907 when tsarist authorities were forced to make some abatements for the people of the enslaved country. A small Catholic church in the actual Gerosios Vilties street and the church of St. Kasimir in Naujoji Vilnia were built, the construction of Blessed Virgin Mary church was started in Žvėrynas and a modern church of Holy Heart of Jesus was not completed. Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129428930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolfas Damušis in the History of Science","authors":"Aldona Vasiliauskienė","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.07","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Adolfas Damusis (16 June 1908–27 February 2003) was a world-famous chemist, inventor (obtained 24 patents for his inventions in the field of polymer chemistry in the USA, Canada, the United Kingdom and France), statesman and public activist. Dr Damusis name was inseparable from the resistance fighters for Lithuania’s independence. He was one of the organizers and leaders of the June revolt in 1941 and the minister of the Provisional Government of Lithuania. Dr A. Damusis was an academician of the Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science (1964), a professor of Detroit University (1973), a winner of Stasys Salkauskis Prize (1981) and an Honorary Doctor of Vytautas Magnus University (1997). A. Damusis was honoured with the award of the Order of St. Silvester (1984) by Pope John Paul II. On 27 September 1994, the Republic of Lithuania decorated him with the Second Class Vytis Cross Order (the first award of this kind in Lithuania after restoring its independence). A. Damusis did research into limestone in the Jiesia valley near Kaunas, around Skirsnemunė and in the fields of Menciai, Karpėnai and Vegeriai (next to present day Naujoji Akmenė). The construction of the first cement works in Lithuania was started on the basis of his project, yet it was interrupted by the war and Soviet occupation. Keeping to A. Damusis schemes, cement works were built in another locality later developed into the town of Naujoji Akmenė which became the realization of A. Damusis ideas. His deserts to Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) for saving its existence are considerable as he managed to preserve the laboratory of war chemistry throughout the Soviet and Nazi occupations. It was shifted from the administrative subordination to the Ministry of Defence to the sub-ordination of the Ministry of Education and, eventually, to VMU. Moreover, Dr Adolfas Damusis, the Dean of the Faculty of Technology, expressed his resolute opposition to the delegate of the German government against the intent to merge VMU into the University of Germany. On 16 June 1944, Dr A. Damusis was arrested and charged with treason for his anti-Nazi underground activities (one of the chief leaders who was actively involved in organizing the chief body of resistance forces, VLIK, represented the Lithuanian Front and was the vice-president of VLIK in 1943–1944). Like all other detainees, he was to appear before the court. Owing to the adverse development of the war for Germany, the prisoners were transferred from prison to prison until they were freed on 14 April 1945. However, A. Damusis became a forced emigrant. After two years of work in Germany, he emigrated to the United States and worked for the Shcerwin Williams company (1947–1957), the Basf Wyandotte company (1957–1973) and was the Vice-rector of the Institute of polymers of Detroit University (1973–1983). His major works in chemistry were accomplished in the diaspora: he obtained 24 patents for his inventions, wrote important research projec","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"22 16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116553912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}