Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida最新文献

{"title":"Studies on Historical Development of Rational Building Design Theory and Pratice Trends","authors":"V. Keras, J. Mockienė","doi":"10.3846/EST.2010.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2010.25","url":null,"abstract":"The basic problem that may be solved in designing of building is an ensuring of building liveliness. For achievement of this goal certain demands, terms, claims, etc. may be appreciated or estimated. There was a need for a long historical way of elaborating practical means for the achievement of these goals. Some time later this practical experience was formulated by grafo-analytic methods. But these methods as well as practical means are not possible to account for a specific for variety of characteristics related to preconditions, demands and initial data set to be used for building design. A number of them are contradictory by their nature. Consequently, the neglect of most influential contradictions set up a premise to depreciate results and partly, methods used for designing. Most of all, the significant part of contradictions and characteristics used for design of structures or related to design process in any other form have a probabilistic character. So, imitation models, used for design, may be adequate to these peculiarities as well as it is possible. With this intention there can be adapted methods based on minimax principle. Some directions of scientific researches for this goal are discussed in relation to rational building structures design historic evolution. It can be useful also from complexity point of view on account of using minimax based methods in building economy, technology, etc. Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121714818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Trans-Border Co-Operation in Construction Management between Lithuania, Germany and Poland","authors":"O. Kapliński","doi":"10.3846/EST.2010.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2010.22","url":null,"abstract":"Academic cooperation between three research and didactic centres of Lithuania, Germany and Poland (focusing on development of construction engineering and management) is presented. Formal meetings have been called Colloquia, and were organized alternately every two years in various academic centres. The last, 12 th Colloquium, took place in Vilnius. This cooperation was highly praised not only by University Senates, but also by groups of prominent politicians. The collaboration continues without a hint of prejudice or xenophobia, and results in a variety of joint publications, including books and monographs; and even academic promotions of PhD and Habilitation theses. Issues of applications of mathematical methods were initially dominant, but the prime focus is on development of planning tools. At present, the range of subjects is considerably broader. Apart from development and applications of operational research and multiple criteria methods, such issues as sustainability have also appeared. Since Professor E. K Zavadskas was the godfather of the Colloquia the article highlights the importance of VGTU. Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129166795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Architectural Building Heritage of Antanas Bistrickas","authors":"R. Bistrickaitė, V. Keras","doi":"10.3846/EST.2010.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2010.24","url":null,"abstract":"The nowadays high schools are interested in appreciation from time to time of true worth of their activity. Particularly there emerge an actuality for verification of effectiveness of their links with needs of economic structures and society in whole. They decide to analyse long- time data of achievements and career disturbances of their graduates. Well known subsystems of nowadays Lithuanian high schools commemorate the a jubilee of their origins. Among these nowadays schools, faculties and directions of the science to reckon to technical trend there is a Faculty of Building and Architecture in Kaunas Technological University. For some time there the most notable practical activities and results to be characteristic of the graduates of University are studied. Also there the living peculiarities and distinctions of the most honourable graduates are revealed. Antanas Bistrickas, a builder – engineer, constructor, etc. is quite an interesting person and – a graduate of building department (nowadays Faculty). Antanas Bistrickas was born in 1900. So we may commemorate the jubilee of this event too. As a building engineer A. Bistrickas graduated from University Vytauti in 1933. After graduation he passed a short time on engineering practice. Shortly after that he was called by his professor to occupy a certain duty in the same University he graduated from. Practically all professional life of this person was related with the building engineering branch in the same University to be differently named in times of independent Lithuania and at Soviet time. Some time later he was teaching at Kaunas polytechnic institute when this high school was organized on the basis of technical faculties acting formerly in the structure of the Kaunas State University. There he had a career of engineer, professor, dean of the building faculty, vice – rector, etc. Antanas Bistrickas died in 1971. The basic heritage of Antanas Bistrickas onto practical activity of building engineering contains designing and constructing of the sacral objects, dwelling houses and some verification of strength and exploitability to be distinctive of various building structures after the Second World War. His heritage is worthy of an extensive study from various standpoints, positions and criteria. First of all, this heritage contains an interesting reconnaissance in design of modern sacral objects. It is displayed in architectural forms of sacral buildings especially. Also there can be a new for that time building engineering practice, efforts for adaption of the modern building materials. Particularly there can be mentioned the reinforced concrete, complex concrete with using of a rolled steel beams, reinforced brickwork for high thin elements of building structures and long span floors or overlapings, etc. There may be noted the intensive activity of this person which produced the sustainable noteworthy results in every position he was called to occupy. The most interesting object designed ","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122269586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Catholicism Ideas in Western Europe and Their Response in Lithuania between Two World Wars","authors":"V. Pruskus","doi":"10.3846/EST.2010.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2010.26","url":null,"abstract":"The social catholicism movement in states of Western Europe between two World Wars was a specific reaction to the position and attitude of Catholic Church in the presence of growing of totalitarian states. The Vatican signed concordats with them in order to protect local church against the self-will of the authorities. The church, in its turn, encouraged priests to remove themselves from an active political life, which upon circumstances was hardly possible. In the opinion of a part of Catholic intellectuals the position of the Vatican seemed to be doubtful and unacceptable. It was thought that Catholic should not remain aside from a settlement of the most actual problems of political and social life, otherwise it is upon the society, which becomes more and more secular would decrease much more. The representatives of social catholicism movement ( E. Mounier, J. Maritain, M. D. Chenu and others) assessed more the practice of actions of Church of that period, reproved it for manifestations of formalism, confessional isolation, poor effort related to involving of persons doubting about religion or quit irreligious ones, protected a necessity of new forms of pastoral work. Their efforts to modernize Catholicism and to make Church more close, understandable and accessible to a human conformed to the general trend of changes of the religiousness in the society of that time and requirements for modernization of Church institutions and make them correspond to the needs of believers and laymen reflected the growing role of laymen and their aspiration to take more active part in the life of Church as well as in passing of important decisions of Catholic movement. They considered catholicism a specific “ litmus sheet”, which enables to “measure” and assess the acceptability of functioning of a social political system to a spiritual self–improvement, self– expression, economic welfare of a human from a menace of a spiritual and dependence caused by the totalitarian regimes. An aspiration to an exclusive importance of a personality in the society with its right for self-dependent search for an authentic religion became the most important objects of their thoughts and the guide of the activities. Two circumstances affected the spread of social catholicism ideas in Lithuania. First of all, Catholic intellectuals of Lithuania within their studies at universities of Western Europe had an opportunity to get a better acquaintance with the ideas of social catholicism, liked them and after return tried to inform the society of Lithuania on these ideas as wide as possible through press. Secondly, the restrained attitude of the authorities of Catholic Church of Lithuania in respect of the ‘tautininkai’ and whimsical policy in order to restrict unreasonably the activities of Church.This encouraged the young generation catholic intellectuals ( such as A. Maceina, P. Jakas, S. Yla and others), to pay special attention to problems, which were known to the Church, but they","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125043108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Significance of the Botanical Data Collected by Jósef Jundziłł during Expedition for Plant, Animal and Mineral Study through Lithuania in 1821","authors":"A. Ričkienė","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.13","url":null,"abstract":"Referring to the published and unpublished historical sources, the significance of botanical data collected by Josef Jundzill during the expedition in Lithuania in 1821 to the development of plant distribution studies in Lithuania is analysed. Attention is given to the distribution of plant species collected by J. Jundzill on the present territory of Lithuania, currently rare plants and J. Jundzill’s notes on their distribution. Botanical data are treated as one of the first evidences for the formation of plant distribution studies in Lithuania. Article in English","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125998807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jan Dembowski as a Prominent Scientist, Biologist and Zoo-Psychologist and His Activities in Vilnius in 1934–1944","authors":"A. Šveistytė, V. Apšegaitė","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.15","url":null,"abstract":"In 1934–1944, a prominent scientist, biologist, zoo-psychologist Prof. Jan Bohdan Dembowski (1889–1963) lived in Vilnius. In 1934–1939, he was a professor of general biology at Stephan Bator University. Besides the lectures delivered at the university, he conducted scientific experimental research on animals and physiology of protists. Animal behaviour was a new scientific trend at Vilnius University. In 1940–1941, numerous articles making the theory of evolution more and more popular were published by J. Dembowski. Within the period from 1941 to 1944, the political situation became dangerous for his life, and therefore in 1944, J. Dembowski departed from Vilnius.  Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127191196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Famous Designer and Constructor of Buildings and Creator of Original Theories for Calculating the Reinforced Concrete","authors":"Algimantas Nakas","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the designing and research works of Professor Anatolijus Rozenbliumas. The Professor was one of the most outstanding Lithuanian engineers and one of the most important scientists in the building field. He created an original theory of calculating the reinforced concrete deformation. The theory was recognized by the most outstanding specialists in this field. Article in English","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126838199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Der Leviathan (Von Thomas Hobbes – 1651) Wiedergeburt in der Gesetzesflut und der Macht Dereuropäischen Union?","authors":"Klaus F. Bresser","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.21","url":null,"abstract":"Der Verfasser beschreibt im ersten Teil seiner Abhandlung die Staatstheorie von Thomas Hobbes in seiner Abhandlung „Leviathan“. Er erlautert das geschichtliche Umfeld fur die Entwicklung dieser Staatstheorie und beurteilt ihre Einordnung in die klassischen Staatstheorien. Sodann wird die Theorie von Hobbes als Urform der modernen Demokratie erklart.Der haufige Vorwurf, die Europaische Union wurde gleichsam als Leviathan, also als „Uber-Staat“, zu sehr in die einzelstaatlichen Rechte eingreifen, wird im 2. Teil der Abhandlung untersucht. Dabei kommt der Verfasser zu der Feststellung, dass die befurchtete Gesetzgebungsflut durch die EU nicht in dem Ausmas zutrifft, wie angenommen. Auserdem sei es unumganglich im Sinne von Frieden, Freiheit, Volkerverstandigung und Wirtschaftswohlstand das Projekt EU voranzutreiben. Die Einzelstaaten haben die Aufgabe, einer „Europamudigkeit“ entgegenzuwirken.  Article in Germany","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123082554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Schools in Lithuania. Methods of Identification","authors":"Ona Voverienė","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to a fragment of history of Lithuanian science – to investigations of scientific schools in various branches of science at Vilnius University in 1980–2000 years. The paper submits for consideration a phenomenon of research school and its social-communicative model, was used for identification of scientific schools in Lithuania; bibliometrical methods: analysis of dissertations, research papers and citations, used for its realization. The results of investigations and papers, dealing with them, are given. The analyzed results revealed, that science of Lithuania had lost important possibility for improving of the management of scientific activities, prestige and populiarization of Lithuanian science trend of scientific investigations, when the investigations of scientific schools were stopped. Article in English","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130655520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE gEO-ECOLOgICAL fINLAND: NATuRAL HISTORy DEfININg THE BOuNDARIES Of A NATION","authors":"A. Leikola","doi":"10.3846/EST.2009.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2009.12","url":null,"abstract":"When Finland in 1809 was separated from the Swedish Kingdom and became an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire, research on national flora and fauna and consequently on geology was intensified in the country’s only university, the Academia Aboensis, which in 1828, became the University of Helsinki. Already in 1837, the area to be studied as ‘Finland’ was considered to comprise not only the Grand Duchy but also the East Karelian territory and Kola Peninsula in the east of Finnish Lapland. During the 19th century, applying botanical and geological criteria, several attempts were made to deter-mine the boundaries of this ‘Geo-Ecological Finland’, especially in its SE corner. Although from 1917, with the Russian Revolution and independence of Finland, research was no more possible for Finnish naturalists and geologists in East Karelia and Kola, the concept remained in handbooks and maps for several decades even after 1944 when a great part of Finnish Karelia was ceded to the Soviet Union as a result of the war. Nowadays, the concept has gained new impact as collaboration of Finnish researchers with colleagues from Petrozavodsk, the capital of the Karelian Republic (earlier East Karelia), has again become possible. Article in English","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130653696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}