Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida最新文献

{"title":"Centenary of Justinas Mikuckas Born Date","authors":"V. Keras, M. Augonis","doi":"10.3846/EST.2013.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2013.06","url":null,"abstract":"Long time teacher of the Lithuanian high school Justinas Mikuckas have been born 30 January 1912 in Sakiai district Lekeciai settlement. After learning in Lekeciai elementary school, Vilkija secondary school and Kaunas polytechnical college he entered into the University Vytauti Magni (1933). In 20 of June 1940 defends diploma design work and become a certificated engineer. Alas his diploma had been unrecognized by soviet officials. He passes humiliated procedures for rehabilitation of professional qualification as well as other engineers who studied in Lithuania at a German occupation time. It was a gloomy historic reality. After those obstacles he defends his dissertation. In 1941 he was employed in University. From 1944 he was a chief of a department until 1965. So, a main part of his energy, knowledge, professional skill had been devoted to high school. Simultaneously J.Mikuckas accumulated a practical experience for a long time after completion of technical college. This experience had been very helpful for student’s consultations in preparing theirs diploma works. The inheritance of J.Mikuckas that is useful for a high school activity printed in 35 editions. They are quite big volume. Some of it is more than 20 printer’s sheets. They are usefully for students in practice, especially in repairs of houses erected on a past century. Also they are interesting for high school pedagogues in aspects of technical terminology etc.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125620985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tarpukario lietuvos milijonieriai: praturtėjimo būdai ir jų ypatumai nūdienos realijų kontekste","authors":"V. Pruskus","doi":"10.3846/EST.2013.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2013.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with circumstances pertaining to enrichment of Lithuanian millionaires (business people or public officials) during the inter-war period. It showcases the most frequent methods of enrichment, such as abuse of office, financial machinations, profitable investments of funds acquired abroad, trafficking in firearms and engagement in illegal and criminal activities. The article reveals the mechanism of enrichment, relevant specifics and similarities to enrichment methods used in contemporary Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"320 Pt A 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131706534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of Petroleum History and Contemporary Opportunities of its Obtaining","authors":"L. Gerhard, Bernd Pontow, Laege Jürgen, A. Kazragis, R. Ginevičius","doi":"10.3846/EST.2013.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2013.05","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil carbon and coal in particular is sedimentary rock of vegetal origin. Coal contains 65–67% of carbon, 26% of hydrogen, 1.5–15% of oxygen, some sulfur and nitrogen. Coal is used as fuel after enhancement by coking or gasification. The paper discusses contemporary use of coal as a chemical substance and energy carrier.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134534953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Władysław Wielhorski (1885–1967) – Historian, Polilical Scientist and Public Figure","authors":"H. Ilgiewicz","doi":"10.3846/EST.2013.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2013.02","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje rasoma apie Wladyslawo Wielhorskio (1885-1967), lenkų istoriko, politologo, Lietuvos istorijos ir kultūros tyrinėtojo, Politinių mokslų mokyklos Vilniuje direktoriaus gyvenimą ir veiklą. Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais jis gyveno Balciuose Žemaitijoje, 1921-1924 m. Kaune, 1924-1941 m. Vilniuje. Gyvendamas Kaune jis dalyvavo Lietuvos lenkų visuomeniniame ir kultūriniame gyvenime, lenkų spaudos puslapiuose ne kartą pasisakė pries antilenkiską Lietuvos vyriausybės politiką, už ką buvo priverstas 1924 m. apleisti Lietuvą. Persikėles į Vilnių jis Stepono Batoro universitete apsigynė habilitacinį darbą, 1931-1939 m. vadovavo Politinių mokslų mokyklai, 1935-1939 m. buvo Lenkijos Respublikos seimo narys. Wielhorskio veikla Vilniuje nutrūko Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais. 1939 m. pabaigoje jis neteko darbo, 1940 m. paskelbus Lietuvoje tarybų valdžia buvo suimtas ir kalintas Vilniuje, 1941 m. prasidėjus Vokietijos-Tarybų Sąjungos karui isvežtas į Rusijos gilumą, laikytas Gorkio (dabar Nižnij Novgorodas) kalėjime. 1941 m. rudenį paleistas is kalėjimo dirbo lenkų atstovybėje Kuibyseve (dabar Samara), 1942 m. isvyko į Angliją, dirbo lenkų iseivijos įstaigose ir organizacijose. Gyvendamas emigracijoje Wielhorskis tesė Lietuvos istorijos, kultūros bei jos santykių su Lenkija tyrinėjimus, 1947 m. isleido Londone monografiją apie Lietuvos ir Lenkijos santykius amžių tėkmėje, o po kelių metų – studiją apie lietuvių, baltarusių ir lenkų indėlį į Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikstystės kultūrą, isspausdintą moksliniame iseivijos leidinyje „Alma Mater Vilnensis“. Sie jo darbai pasitarnavo žinių apie Lietuvą plėtrai, leido Lenkų iseivijos universiteto klausytojams ir kitiems iseiviams neužmirsti ir geriau suprasti jų tolimos gimtinės istoriją ir kultūrą.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128108221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of the Sociocultural Context on the Way Of Using Lithuanian Language in Interwar Lithuania","authors":"Jonas Jonušas","doi":"10.3846/EST.2013.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2013.01","url":null,"abstract":"Siame straipsnyje aptariamos lietuvių kalbos vartosenos, funkcionavimo viesojoje erdvėje, kalbos kaip vienos is svarbiausių kultūrinės informacijos perteikėjų problemos. Kalbos, kuriai atstovauja rasytinis tekstas, ir kultūros sandūra tarpukario Lietuvoje aptariama remiantis ketvirtojo desimtmecio kalbininkų įžvalgomis ir siuolaikinių tyrinėtojų (A. Gaižucio, A. Valantiejaus ir kt.) teorinėmis prielaidomis, kurios retrospektyviai suteikia lietuvių kalbos funkcijai viesajame gyvenime papildomų prasmių. Į kalbą susitelkiama ne tiek kaip į gramatinį teksto reiskinį, kiek kaip į sukuriamą kultūrinį foną, kurio sklaida siejama su tam tikromis visuomeninėmis ir socialinėmis tendencijomis. Lietuvių kalbos vartosenos požiūriu skiriami keli aspektai: viena vertus, pastebima aktuali kitų kalbų ir kultūrų (daugiausia slaviskojo substrato) poveikio tendencija, kita vertus, pabrėžtinos lietuvių kalbos galimybės perduoti kultūrine informaciją, fiksuojancią visuomenėje vykstancius procesus, praturtinant, Pr. Skardžiaus žodžiais tariant, bendrąjį kultūrų sambūvį. Kaip pastebėta, kitų kultūrų palikti ženklai atsispindi kalbos vartosenoje, rasytiniuose tekstuose nebūtinai pozityviai: pažymėtini „hibridiniai“ tekstai, kuriuose pasireiskia svetimi lietuvių kalbai elementai. Tokie tekstai, tarpukario kalbininkų verti­nimu, negali būti traktuojami kaip kompromisiniai, bet turi būti norminami.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117009972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„Žagrės“ kūrimosi aplinkybės ir pirmasis veiklos dešimtmetis (1906–1915)","authors":"V. Pruskus","doi":"10.3846/EST.2012.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2012.08","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the 20 th century the Lithuanian Catholic intellectuals (J. Staugaitis, J. Vailokaitis and others) joined the cooperative movement. Cooperation was the instrument to ensure greater social security for individuals under the conditions of rapid capitalization. Moreover, they found the means to reduce the social tension in the society and to neutralize it. The Catholic intellectuals paid the greatest attention to the development of the cooperation in the countryside where the majority of the Lithuanian inhabitants lived at that time. Besides organizing the young farmers into the societies, cooperatives, educating, teaching and rendering the moral support, the Catholic intellectuals also enshrined the provisions of social solidarity and self-help, which were expressed in the activities of farmers’ society “Žagrė”, founded in 1906. The article analyses the circumstances of the establishment of “Žagrė” and the first decade of its activity. It shows that despite all failures and misfortunes, “Žagrė” trained people’s innovativeness, diligence, economic thinking and preconditioned development not only of economy but political democracy as well. The prospective players of both private and cooperative business enterprises also learned the principles of work in ”Žagrė“, but they disclosed their abilities only in interwar period (e.g. J. Vailokaitis in banking sector). The idea of ”Žagrė“ initiators to merge cultural and economic functions in business organizations sounds topical even at present. Articel in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"15 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130695550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medžio Konstrukcijų Studijos Kaune","authors":"R. Bistrickaitė, V. Keras","doi":"10.3846/EST.2012.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2012.09","url":null,"abstract":"The prepared publication is intended for the initial systematization of the experience of applying wooden constructions in Lithuania. The paper deals with research conducted by the experts in the field from other countries. This part of material cultural heritage in Lithuania has been first introduced by the scholars from Scandinavia, Germany, Russia and partly Poland – the countries representing notable achievements looking into cultural and economic history. The produced works mainly focus on the forms of wooden constructions, the original decoration of different parts of the building, the plasticity of details, style and colours. Scant attention has been paid to structural solutions. More sophisticated and interesting wooden constructions of the local buildings (bridges, churches, synagogues, manors, etc.) were seriously deteriorated or possibly fictitious. The majority of analogical constructions found in the neighbouring countries were described earlier. Later, these investigations were properly completed by the graduates studying in Lithuania. However, they had to be thoroughly trained to become professionals. For this purpose, advanced study programs and first course books in Lithuanian were prepared. From a historical point of view, for the future, gained experience in overcoming earlier backwardness within a short period of time and intercepting valuable elements of European experience are the issues worth paying attention. This is the way of how young and promising graduates were trained. They were good enough at proceeding with works started by their teachers. In the post-war period, a large number of them became emigrants or exiles and lost the possibility of carrying on their works in Lithuania. A. Bistrickas, J. Paulauskas and other graduates from Vytautas Magnus University are those deserved for their significant accomplishments in the field of wooden constructions. They were also the teachers of several following generations of the future engineers. Algirdas Baltrusaitis, one of the graduates from Vytautas Magnus University started developing intensively a new stage in the field of wooden constructions and was probably the first associated professor of Kaunas University of Technology (former Kaunas Polytechnic Institute) who participated in the international conferences and suggested in-depth research on the development of wooden constructions. The introduced publication has been prepared with reference to his anniversary.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"485 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129532579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publications of the Lithuanian Scientific Society: The Lithuanian Textbooks of Mathematics by Antanas Smetona (1874–1944)","authors":"Juozas Banionis","doi":"10.3846/EST.2012.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2012.06","url":null,"abstract":"Antanas Smetona (1874–1944), an active member of the Lithuanian Scientific Society (LSS) since its establishment in 1907, left a remarkable trace in the development of education in Lithuania. As President of the Republic of Lithuania he opened Pedagogical Institute in Klaipeda under the presidential order of September 18, 1935. A. Smetona’s input in creating Lithuanian schools at the beginning of the 20 th century and preparing school textbooks is evidently significant. In autumn 1915 the Lithuanian intelligentsia elected the new board, i.e. Textbook Publishing Board (TPB) at the LSS, and invited a lawyer and writer of journalese articles A. Smetona (one of the LSS’s founders) to join the TPB. He was assigned to be in charge of preparing of one of the most difficult textbooks, i.e. textbooks of arithmetic and algebra for high (secondary) schools. The success of A. Smetona’ s work, namely, publishing theoretical books and textbooks of arithmetic, is evident in the LSS‘s activity reports and in A. Smetona’s bibliography by Kisinas. “Textbook of Arithmetic Theory” (1916), also known as “Short Textbook of Arithmetic”, the second edition – “Theory of Arithmetic”, was the first A. Smetona’ s textbook on arithmetic which got acknowledgment and had even seven editions. In writing the textbook A. Smetona followed Petersburg’s German school teacher Masing’s textbook in German. In 1916 A. Smetona prepared another publication on mathematics, i.e. two-part “Textbook of Elementary Algebra” (also known as “Textbook of Algebra Theory”) which was the translation of the Russian textbook on algebra written by teacher Jakov Blumberg from Mintauja Gymnasium, where A. Smetona was taught. However, this textbook did not gain popularity. Under unfavourable conditions (the war going on, the part of the intelligentsia moving abroad) Lithuanian teaching aids on different subjects including arithmetic and algebra for high (secondary, gymnasium) schools were published. A. Smetona who was not a specialist in mathematics successfully completed the task and prepared (or translated) textbooks of arithmetic and mathematics theory which were necessary for Lithuania at that time. Similarly to other national textbooks on different subjects, textbooks of algebra and mathematics were prepared quickly, without standard Lithuanian terminology which caused didactic and linguistic inaccuracies. It is preferable to evaluate these textbooks from historical point of view. Firstly, there was an attempt to standardize the Lithuanian terminology of arithmetic and algebra. Secondly, the textbooks had influence on the development of both teaching mathematics and education in Lithuania in general. Alongside with the other LSS textbooks, the textbooks of arithmetic and algebra paved the way for national school and culture.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132877749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Концепция безмоторной посадки","authors":"Юрий Курлин","doi":"10.3846/EST.2012.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2012.10","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены тенденции развития путей обеспечения надежности авиационной техники. Выполнен анализ причин отказа всех двигателей самолета и необходимых мер для обеспечения безопасности. Предложена концепция действий пилота в случае отказа всех двигателей и выполнения в случае необходимости безмоторной посадки.","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134490233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Izidorius Liesis – Mokslininkas, Pedagogas","authors":"Edmundas Isevičius, Žymantas Rudžionis","doi":"10.3846/EST.2012.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3846/EST.2012.07","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to Isidorius Liesis, a famous surveyor, scientist, teacher and head of the Department of Geodesy on his 110 th birthday anniversary. An informative stand which presents the life and scientific and educational activities of I. Liesis was prepared for this anniversary in Kaunas University of Technology at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, which is directly related with the Department of Surveying. During this event the statement was read. The article presents the memories of colleagues and I. Liesis of the period of first restoration of Lithuania’s independence, his efforts in education, service in the Lithuanian army. He is also renowned for his contribution to the Lithuanian military topography, coordination of the works associated with the geodetic measurements in the territory of Lithuania. Personal memories associated with participation in mixed Lithuania and the USSR Commission for national borders when part of the Vilnius region was returned to Lithuania in 1939, are presented. His work in the eve of World War II and during the German fascist occupation of Lithuania, educational activities at Vytautas Magnus University and post-war hardships, scientific and educational activities in Kaunas Polytechnic Institute are mentioned as well. Article in Lithuanian","PeriodicalId":110614,"journal":{"name":"Mokslo Ir Technikos Raida","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}