Current Opinion in Psychiatry最新文献_第8页

Urbanization, self-harm, and suicidal ideation in left-behind children and adolescents in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 中国留守儿童和青少年的城市化、自残和自杀意念：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000927

Kelly Lin, Sandra Ramos, Jing Sun

{"title":"Urbanization, self-harm, and suicidal ideation in left-behind children and adolescents in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kelly Lin, Sandra Ramos, Jing Sun","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000927","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000927","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Economic development and urbanisation have prompted many Chinese parents to move from rural to urban regions for better job opportunities. Their children, who remain behind in rural regions, become left-behind children (LBC). With absent parents, children and adolescents are unable to maintain the secure attachment required for healthy social and emotional development, increasing the risk of mental illness. This study aimed to compare risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation in LBC and non-LBC in China.Recent findings: Greater risks for poor mental health outcomes including worse depression, loneliness and anxiety have been identified in LBC in cross-sectional studies. Previous studies have also identified higher prevalence of bullying victimization, poorer school performance and worse school attendance amongst LBC.Summary: Findings indicate that prolonged separation from parents put LBC at greater risks of poor mental health. Policy changes to allow children to migrate with their parents and policies to reduce inequalities in job opportunities between urban and rural regions are needed.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"225-236"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public health surveillance of new psychoactive substances: recent developments. 新型精神活性物质的公共卫生监测：最新进展。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000938

Nicole D Fitzgerald, Linda B Cottler, Joseph J Palamar

引用次数: 0

Dementia care and prevention in community settings: a built environment framework for cognitive health promotion. 社区环境中的痴呆症护理和预防：促进认知健康的建筑环境框架。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000917

Daniel R Y Gan, Jim Mann, Habib Chaudhury

{"title":"Dementia care and prevention in community settings: a built environment framework for cognitive health promotion.","authors":"Daniel R Y Gan, Jim Mann, Habib Chaudhury","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000917","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000917","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Most people with dementia live in the community. As lifespan increases, one in three persons aged 85+ are expected to live with dementia. We conduct a systematic search to identify frameworks for dementia care and prevention in community settings. This is important to ensure quality of life for people living with cognitive decline (PLCD).Recent findings: 61 frameworks are synthesized into the dementia care and prevention in community (DCPC) framework. It highlights three levels of provision: built environment and policy supports, access and innovation, and inclusion across stages of decline. Domains of intervention include: basic needs; built environment health and accessibility; service access and use; community health infrastructure; community engagement; mental health and wellbeing; technology; end-of-life care; cultural considerations; policy, education, and resources. Personhood is not adequately represented in current built environment frameworks. This is supplemented with 14 articles on lived experiences at home and social practices that contribute to PLCD's social identity and psychological safety.Summary: Policy makers, health and built environment professionals must work together to promote \"personhood in community\" with PLCD. Clinicians and community staff may focus on inclusion, social identity and a sense of at-homeness as attainable outcomes despite diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"107-122"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: a focus on older adults and sub-Saharan Africa. 艾滋病毒相关神经认知障碍的最新进展：关注老年人和撒哈拉以南非洲。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000919

Stella-Maria Paddick, Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska

{"title":"Recent advances in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: a focus on older adults and sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Stella-Maria Paddick, Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000919","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000919","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: We reviewed recent literature on prevalence and interventional approaches for cognitive impairment in the context of HIV infection alongside current controversies and challenges around its nomenclature, screening, and diagnosis.Recent findings: Prevalence estimates for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) indicate that HAND remains highly prevalent despite combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) widely used. The available data are heterogeneous, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where recent reviews indicate substantial heterogeneity, wide prevalence estimates and lack of data from the majority SSA countries, despite them currently experiencing the greatest burden worldwide of both HIV and HAND.Several alternative approaches to diagnosis and classification of cognitive impairment in HIV have been published, taking into account changing clinical phenotypes.Summary: Cognitive impairment remains a significant challenge in the care of people living with HIV despite advances in treatment. Ongoing controversies exist around nomenclature and classification, screening measures, and the phenotype and aetiology of observed impairments. Two current areas of research priority and focus include understanding current phenotypes of individuals living and ageing with treated HIV and differing levels of risk for HAND in these phenotypes, alongside the effects of commonly occurring comorbidities.The current evidence base for interventional approaches is limited, but growing. The most promising avenues appear to be multidisciplinary. These are currently focussed on high income settings rather than SSA where the majority of people living with HIV, and affected by cognitive impairment in the context of HIV, currently reside.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in understanding of sleep disorders and disturbances for dementia risk and prevention. 了解睡眠障碍和干扰对痴呆症风险和预防的最新进展。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000921

Aaron Lam, Shawn Kong, Sharon L Naismith

{"title":"Recent advances in understanding of sleep disorders and disturbances for dementia risk and prevention.","authors":"Aaron Lam, Shawn Kong, Sharon L Naismith","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000921","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000921","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To synthesise the recent work examining the relationship between sleep disturbances and dementia, emphasising studies involving individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or those investigating AD biomarkers. Additionally, we provide an update on recent interventions targeting sleep-related issues in older adults with MCI or AD.Recent findings: Various studies have examined obstructive sleep apnoea, sleep duration, and circadian alterations in relation to Alzheimer's pathology and dementia risk, with an emerging body of evidence suggesting that cardiovascular disease, hypertension, glymphatic function, and inflammation might serve as plausible pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to dementia during critical brain periods. Conversely, recent studies investigating insomnia have produced disparate results. Regarding intervention studies, the scarcity of prospective randomised control trials poses a challenge in establishing the benefits of addressing sleep disorders and disturbances.Summary: Recent work examining the pathophysiological links between sleep and dementia is strongest for obstructive sleep apnoea and sleep duration, while findings in insomnia studies exhibit inconsistency, possibly due to varied associations with dementia among different insomnia subtypes. It is apparent that more longitudinal studies examining the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are necessary, alongside more rigorous clinical trials. Although some trials are underway in this field, there is still scarcity in trials examining interventions for circadian disturbances.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"94-100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety of noninvasive brain stimulation in children. 儿童非侵入性脑部刺激的安全性。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000923

Mohammad Ali Salehinejad, Michael Siniatchkin

{"title":"Safety of noninvasive brain stimulation in children.","authors":"Mohammad Ali Salehinejad, Michael Siniatchkin","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000923","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000923","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications. It has been increasingly used in children, especially in neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, its safety and applications in the developing brain require further investigation. This review aims to provide an overview of the safety of commonly used NIBS techniques in children, including transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Safety data for other NIBS methods is not reported in this review.Recent findings: In line with studies from the last decade, findings in the last 2 years (2022-2023) support the safety of NIBS in children and adolescents within the currently applied protocols. Both tES and TMS are well tolerated, if safety rules, including exclusion criteria, are applied.Summary: We briefly discussed developmental aspects of stimulation parameters that need to be considered in the developing brain and provided an up-to-date overview of tES/TMS applications in children and adolescents. Overall, the safety profile of tES/TMS in children is good. For both the tES and TMS applications, epilepsy and active seizure disorder should be exclusion criteria to prevent potential seizures. Using child-sized earplugs is required for TMS applications. We lack large randomized double-blind trialsand longitudinal studies to establish the safety of NIBS in children.Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/YCO/A78 .","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139471359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep learning applications in vascular dementia using neuroimaging. 利用神经影像将深度学习应用于血管性痴呆症。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000920

Chao Dong, Shizuka Hayashi

{"title":"Deep learning applications in vascular dementia using neuroimaging.","authors":"Chao Dong, Shizuka Hayashi","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000920","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000920","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, and deep learning has emerged as a critical tool in dementia research. The aim of this article is to highlight the current deep learning applications in VaD-related imaging biomarkers and diagnosis.Recent findings: The main deep learning technology applied in VaD using neuroimaging data is convolutional neural networks (CNN). CNN models have been widely used for lesion detection and segmentation, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), perivascular spaces (PVS), lacunes, cortical superficial siderosis, and brain atrophy. Applications in VaD subtypes classification also showed excellent results. CNN-based deep learning models have potential for further diagnosis and prognosis of VaD.Summary: Deep learning neural networks with neuroimaging data in VaD research represent significant promise for advancing early diagnosis and treatment strategies. Ongoing research and collaboration between clinicians, data scientists, and neuroimaging experts are essential to address challenges and unlock the full potential of deep learning in VaD diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in the phenomenology, assessment, and treatment of Tourette syndrome. 妥瑞症现象学、评估和治疗方面的进展。

IF 7.5 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000922

Kesley A Ramsey, Joseph F McGuire

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal trajectories of cognitive aging. 认知老化的纵向轨迹。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000918

Elena Lobo, Patricia Gracia-García, Antonio Lobo

{"title":"Longitudinal trajectories of cognitive aging.","authors":"Elena Lobo, Patricia Gracia-García, Antonio Lobo","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000918","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000918","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review summarizes recent evidence related to the cognitive trajectories of aging, the factors associated with the different trajectories, and the effect of sex on cognitive decline.Recent findings: Trajectories of cognitive aging identified in different studies vary in number, in the proportion of individuals falling into each of the classes and in the predictors of class membership. Trajectories observed include types with 'rapid decline', those with 'gradual decline' and those with 'maintenance of high level' of cognitive performance. Predictors of decline and predictors of maintenance of cognitive performance may be different. While factors such as education were in general associated with high performance, and reversely with low performance, other factors, such as depression were predictors only for some groups, particularly the declining ones. Sex differences in cognitive trajectories and the associated predictive factors have also been identified.Summary: The findings on education may be particularly important in populations with low educational level, especially among women and the findings on depression have special interest in preventing cognitive decline in women. Further work is required to explain intriguing inconsistencies observed in the literature.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adverse childhood experiences predict internet gaming disorder in university students: the mediating role of resilience. 不良童年经历对大学生网络游戏障碍的预测:心理弹性的中介作用。

IF 6.9 2区医学

Current Opinion in Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000910

Jinghao Ma, Bo Yang, Shizhen Wang, Yujie Yao, Chencheng Wu, Mei Li, Guang-Heng Dong

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences predict internet gaming disorder in university students: the mediating role of resilience.","authors":"Jinghao Ma, Bo Yang, Shizhen Wang, Yujie Yao, Chencheng Wu, Mei Li, Guang-Heng Dong","doi":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000910","DOIUrl":"10.1097/YCO.0000000000000910","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and internet gaming disorder (IGD) and the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between these two factors.Methods: The adverse childhood experience scale, resilience scale and IGD Scale were administered to 9349 university students. Correlations and mediating effects were calculated among these scores.Results: After controlling for sex and age, significant correlations among adverse childhood experiences, resilience and IGD were observed; resilience was a partial mediator variable in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and IGD.Conclusions: The more adverse childhood experiences an individual has, the less their mental toughness and the greater their tendency to become addicted to internet games. Adverse childhood experiences can effectively predict IGD, and the risk of becoming addicted to the internet can be decreased by increasing one's mental toughness.","PeriodicalId":11022,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0