Current oncology最新文献

{"title":"Lung Carcinoids in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs): A Still Overlooked Clinical Entity.","authors":"Alice Laffi, Laura Pala, Chiara Catania, Marzia Locatelli, Priscilla Cascetta, Emilia Cocorocchio, Giovanni Luca Ceresoli, Daniele Laszlo, Flaminia Facella, Emily Governini, Marzia Bendoni, Giuseppe Pelosi, Fabio Conforti, Tommaso Martino De Pas","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are rare neoplasms involving typical and atypical carcinoids (TCs and ACs), defined histologically by absent or focal necrosis and mitotic counts (<2/mm² vs. 2-10/mm²), respectively. Although uncommon overall, TCs and ACs represent the most frequent non-hematologic malignancies in the pediatric population. However, significantly less is known about PC in AYAs, a population often overlooked or analyzed within pediatric or adult cohorts. In this critical review, we analyzed existing literature on PCs in the AYA population using a question-and-answer format, emphasizing the substantial gap in current knowledge in this field and the urgent unmet clinical need for future scientific proposals. First, we analyzed epidemiology and the data availability about the association between PCs in AYA patients and genetic syndromes that typically reach the maximal diagnostic incidence within this age group. We then reviewed the available literature about the pathologic characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies for localized and metastatic disease in PC AYA patients. According to our findings, a significant lack of age-specific evidence and the need for international collaboration and prospective, AYA-focused clinical studies were underscored. Advancing research in this area is essential to improve understanding and develop tailored, evidence-based therapeutic approaches for this peculiar population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles and Prospective Applications of Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 (FSP1) in Malignant Tumor Treatment.","authors":"Zhesi Jin, Qian Zhang, Yinlong Pan, Hao Chen, Ke Zhou, Huazhong Cai, Pan Huang","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) has emerged as a critical regulator of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death with significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Despite rapidly expanding research, current knowledge on FSP1 remains fragmented across various tumor types and experimental contexts. The aim of this review is to systematically integrate the latest evidence regarding the molecular structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms controlling FSP1 expression, emphasizing its involvement in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Readers can expect comprehensive coverage of FSP1's structural characteristics, enzymatic roles, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and its pathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. We further evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting FSP1 aimed at overcoming resistance and improving clinical outcomes. Relevant studies were systematically identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, focusing particularly on the recent and impactful literature to guide future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Implications for Gastrointestinal Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Supriya Peshin, Adit Dharia, Ehab Takrori, Jasmeet Kaur, Kannan Thanikachalam, Renuka Iyer","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common yet underrecognized complication of systemic chemotherapy, particularly in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Despite progress in targeted and immune-based therapies, platinum-based and fluoropyrimidine regimens, especially oxaliplatin-containing protocols, remain standard in GI cancer treatment and are linked to high rates of CIT. This complication often leads to treatment delays, dose reductions, and elevated bleeding risk. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management strategies of CIT in GI malignancies. CIT arises from several mechanisms: direct cytotoxicity to megakaryocyte progenitors, disruption of the marrow microenvironment, thrombopoietin dysregulation, and immune-mediated platelet destruction. Platinum agents, antimetabolites, and immune checkpoint inhibitors can contribute to these effects. Oxaliplatin-induced CIT may occur acutely via immune mechanisms or chronically through marrow suppression. CIT affects 20-25% of solid tumor patients, with highest rates in those receiving gemcitabine (64%), carboplatin (58%), and oxaliplatin (50%). Within GI cancer regimens, FOLFOXIRI and S-1 plus oxaliplatin show higher CIT incidence compared to FOLFIRI and CAPIRI. Thrombocytopenia is graded by severity, from mild (Grade 1-2) to severe (Grade 3-4), and often necessitates treatment adjustments, transfusions, or supportive therapies. Current strategies include chemotherapy dose modification, platelet transfusion, and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) like romiplostim and eltrombopag. While platelet transfusions help in acute settings, TPO-RAs may preserve dose intensity and reduce bleeding. Emerging agents targeting megakaryopoiesis and marrow protection offer promising avenues for long-term management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Postoperative Infection on Lower Limb Function After Surgery for Malignant Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors: Data from a Nationwide Registry in Japan.","authors":"Takeshi Morii, Kenji Sato, Koichi Ogura, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Akira Kawai","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the scarcity of cases, adjustments for confounding factors in analyses of the effects of postoperative infections on limb function after surgery for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors were insufficient in previous studies. One solution is to use big data from a nationwide registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan were used to examine the impact of postoperative infections on limb function after surgery for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors in the lower extremities. Limb function was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1099 soft tissue tumors and 410 bone tumor cases were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed using significant factors in the propensity score logistic regression. After PSM, only \"function\" and \"emotional acceptance\" scores worsened in infection cases in the bone tumor group, while total MSTS scores remained unaffected in both the bone and soft tissue tumor groups. No subcategory scores worsened in the soft tissue tumor group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that postoperative infections might not affect function in cases of soft tissue tumors and have only a limited impact in cases of bone tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Musculoskeletal Tumor Management Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from a Nationwide Questionnaire Survey of Hospitals Specializing in Musculoskeletal Tumors in Japan.","authors":"Takeshi Morii, Shintaro Iwata, Kensaku Yamaga, Masanori Okamoto, Kosei Ando, Takaaki Tanaka, Jun Nishida","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While changes in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan have been widely studied, data specific to bone and soft tissue tumor care remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide web-based survey was conducted among hospitals specializing in musculoskeletal tumors. It assessed the occurrence of COVID-19-related events (patient infections, outbreak clusters, and staff infections), delays in referral and diagnosis, postponement or cancellation of specific treatments, and changes in institutional management strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-eight hospitals (91.7% of all specialized centers) responded. Patient infections, outbreak clusters, and staff infections were reported by 28.2%, 48.7%, and 53.8% of hospitals, respectively. While radiological exams and biopsies were largely maintained, patient referrals decreased significantly. Surgical treatment was more affected than chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Strategy changes included surgery delays or cancellations (48.7%) and prolonged follow-up intervals (20.5%). Among COVID-19-related factors, only direct patient infections were significantly associated with institutional changes in treatment policy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pandemic substantially disrupted outpatient services and surgical care in musculoskeletal oncology. Patient infection was the main driver of treatment strategy modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused Ultrasound for Sarcomas: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Nidhi Kuchimanchi, Nicolle Sul, Sai Gajula, Margaret Mercante, Emily Tocco, Mackenzie M Mayhew, Lynn T Dengel, Ludimila Cavalcante, Lauren Hadley, Russell Gardner Witt","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin that are generally resistant to systemic therapies and prone to local recurrence despite current multimodal treatment approaches. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a noninvasive therapeutic technology that may enhance standard treatment strategies for primary solid malignancies. FUS exerts its effects through diverse mechanisms, including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thermal ablation, histotripsy, sonodynamic therapy, immunomodulation, and hyperthermia-enhanced drug delivery. In this narrative review, we summarize the mechanisms of focused ultrasound that have been investigated for the treatment of sarcomas and highlight the results of preclinical, veterinary, and clinical studies related to this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Targeted Therapy Using Journey Mapping: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Hailing Tu, Minghui Wang, Shengmei Yang, Jingfang Hong","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Targeted therapies against specific driver gene mutations have become the standard first-line treatment for most patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While these therapies significantly prolong survival, the entire cancer treatment journey remains challenging and distressing. To better understand these experiences, this study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with 18 advanced NSCLC patients receiving targeted therapy, supplemented by patient journey logs. The resulting journey map delineated five stages: diagnosis, initial treatment, maintenance therapy, disease progression, and end-of-life. The analysis identified four key themes characterizing patient experiences at each stage. These findings enable healthcare professionals to identify risk situations and determine optimal timing for support interventions. Similarly, preparing patients for the processes they must undergo and the side effects of medical treatment helps reduce their uncertainty and anxiety, thereby improving their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Septic Shock in Hematological Malignancies: Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Outcomes.","authors":"Maria Eugenia Alvaro, Santino Caserta, Fabio Stagno, Manlio Fazio, Sebastiano Gangemi, Sara Genovese, Alessandro Allegra","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Septic shock is a life-threatening complication of sepsis, particularly in patients with hematologic diseases who are highly susceptible to it due to profound immune dysregulation. Recent advances in artificial intelligence offer promising tools for improving septic shock diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in this vulnerable population. In detail, these innovative models analyzing electronic health records, immune function, and real-time physiological data have demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional scoring systems such as Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. In patients with hematologic malignancies, machine learning approaches have shown strong accuracy in predicting the sepsis risk using biomarkers like lactate and red cell distribution width, the latter emerging as a powerful, cost-effective predictor of mortality. Deep reinforcement learning has enabled the dynamic modelling of immune responses, facilitating the design of personalized treatment regimens helpful in reducing simulated mortality. Additionally, algorithms driven by artificial intelligence can optimize fluid and vasopressor management, corticosteroid use, and infection risk. However, challenges related to data quality, transparency, and ethical concerns must be addressed to ensure their safe integration into clinical practice. Clinically, AI could enable earlier detection of septic shock, better patient triage, and tailored therapies, potentially lowering mortality and the number of ICU admissions. However, risks like misclassification and bias demand rigorous validation and oversight. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to ensure that AI tools are implemented responsibly, with patient-centered outcomes and safety as primary goals. Overall, artificial intelligence holds transformative potential in managing septic shock among hematologic patients by enabling timely, individualized interventions, reducing overtreatment, and improving survival in this high-risk group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma and Associated Risk Factors: A Retrospective Chart Review.","authors":"Duaa Binjabal, Nasser Al Majarafi, Gregory R Pond, Hal Hirte","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GB) at the Juravinski Cancer Centre (JCC). The charts of 528 patients diagnosed with GB at the JCC from an 8-year period from 1 January 2013, to 31 December 2020, were reviewed. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in newly diagnosed GB. The secondary objective was to identify patients at higher risk of developing VTE to understand who might benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation. Data on the following factors were collected: date of diagnosis, time to death or last follow-up, location and size of tumour, degree of resection, presence and location of weakness, performance status, body mass index, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking history), baseline blood counts, and treatments administered. A total of 111 of the 528 patients (21%) were diagnosed with VTE. Most VTE (87%) occurred within 12 months of diagnosis. A previous cancer diagnosis and recurrence or disease progression were the only factors identified as predictive of a higher risk for developing thrombosis. Newly diagnosed patients with GB have been shown to have a significant risk of developing VTE. Consideration should be given for prophylactic anticoagulation at the time of diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in the Management of EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Prabhat Gautam Roy, Davida Reingold, Neha Pathak, Saurav Verma, Aarushi Gupta, Nicholas Meti, Consolacion Molto, Prabhat Singh Malik, Geordie Linford, Abhenil Mittal","doi":"10.3390/curroncol32080448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment landscape for EGFR-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) has evolved significantly with multiple combination regimens demonstrating superiority over single agent Osimertinib over the past two years. Recent trials such as FLAURA2 and MARIPOSA have explored intensified front-line regimens, with FLAURA2 demonstrating improvement in PFS with the addition of chemotherapy to Osimertinib and MARIPOSA, showing both a PFS and OS benefit with a novel combination regimen of Amivantamab and Lazertinib. However, these regimens are associated with significantly higher toxicity to patients and pose a huge financial and logistical burden to the health care system; therefore, treatment selection must therefore be individualized, considering disease biology, patient fitness, and toxicity burden. Post-progression strategies remain challenging due to resistance mechanisms like EGFR C797S mutations and MET amplification and the lack of data post-progression on novel first-line combinations. Ongoing trials are investigating fourth-generation EGFR TKIs, MET inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies in subsequent lines. While regimens like Amivantamab-Lazertinib show promise even in second-line settings, toxicity, cost, and access remain barriers. As therapeutic options expand, biomarker-driven sequencing and personalized care will be critical to optimizing long-term outcomes in EGFR-mutated mNSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11012,"journal":{"name":"Current oncology","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12384734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}