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Novel structural insights at the extracellular plant-pathogen interface 细胞外植物-病原体界面的新结构见解
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102629
{"title":"Novel structural insights at the extracellular plant-pathogen interface","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant pathogens represent a critical threat to global agriculture and food security, particularly under the pressures of climate change and reduced agrochemical use. Most plant pathogens initially colonize the extracellular space or apoplast and understanding the host–pathogen interactions that occur here is vital for engineering sustainable disease resistance in crops. Structural biology has played important roles in elucidating molecular mechanisms underpinning plant-pathogen interactions but only few studies have reported structures of extracellular complexes. This article highlights these resolved extracellular complexes by describing the insights gained from the solved structures of complexes consisting of CERK1-chitin, FLS2-flg22-BAK1, RXEG1-XEG1-BAK1 and PGIP2-<em>Fp</em>PG. Finally, we discuss the potential of AI-based structure prediction platforms like AlphaFold as an alternative hypothesis generator to rapidly advance our molecular understanding of plant pathology and develop novel strategies to increase crop resilience against disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526624001201/pdfft?md5=3c22908d0a4066ecfd12437518879800&pid=1-s2.0-S1369526624001201-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New frontiers in the biosynthesis of psychoactive specialized metabolites 精神活性特殊代谢物生物合成的新领域
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102626
{"title":"New frontiers in the biosynthesis of psychoactive specialized metabolites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent relaxation of psychedelic drug regulations has prompted extensive clinical investigation into their potential use to treat diverse mental health conditions including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and substance-abuse disorders. Most clinical trials have relied on a small number of known molecules found in nature, such as psilocybin, or long-known synthetic analogs of natural metabolites, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Elucidation of biosynthetic pathways leading to several psychedelic compounds has established an opportunity to use synthetic biology as a complement to synthetic chemistry for the preparation of novel derivatives with potentially superior pharmacological properties compared with known drugs. Herein we review the metabolic biochemistry of pathways from plants, fungi and animals that yield the medicinally important hallucinogenic specialized metabolites ibogaine, mescaline, psilocybin, lysergic acid, and <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). We also summarize the reconstitution of these pathways in microorganisms and comment on the integration of native and non-native enzymes to prepare novel derivatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526624001171/pdfft?md5=4a53038a56b1bda56af461c2cfca4fb9&pid=1-s2.0-S1369526624001171-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
At knifepoint: Appressoria-dependent turgor pressure of filamentous plant pathogens 在刀尖上丝状植物病原体依赖外植体的张力压力
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102628
{"title":"At knifepoint: Appressoria-dependent turgor pressure of filamentous plant pathogens","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Filamentous pathogens need to overcome plant barriers for successful infection. To this end, special structures, most commonly appressoria, are used for penetration. In differentiated appressoria, the generation of high turgor pressure is mandatory to breach plant cell wall and cuticle. However, quantitative description of turgor pressure and resulting invasive forces are only described for a handful of plant pathogens. Recent advances in methodology allowed determination of surprisingly high pressures and corresponding forces in oomycetes and a necrotrophic fungus. Here, we describe turgor generation in appressoria as essential function for host penetration. We summarize the known experimentally determined turgor pressure as well as invasive forces and discuss their universal role in plant pathogen infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526624001195/pdfft?md5=23b7ade6a6f7e4090ecf07b219adee67&pid=1-s2.0-S1369526624001195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Different roles of the phytohormone gibberellin in the wide-spread arbuscular mycorrhiza and in orchid mycorrhiza 植物激素赤霉素在广布的树胶菌根和兰花菌根中的不同作用
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102627
{"title":"Different roles of the phytohormone gibberellin in the wide-spread arbuscular mycorrhiza and in orchid mycorrhiza","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gibberellin (GA) is a classical plant hormone that regulates many physiological processes, such as plant growth, development, and environmental responses. GA inhibits arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the most ancient and widespread type of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Knowledge about mycorrhizal symbioses at the molecular level has been obtained mainly in model plants such as legumes and rice. In contrast, molecular mechanisms in non-model plants are still unclear. Recent studies have revealed the novel roles of GA in mycorrhizal symbioses: its positive effect in <em>Paris</em>-type AM symbiosis in <em>Eustoma grandiflorum</em> and its negative effect on both seed germination and mycorrhizal symbiosis in orchids. This review focuses on the recent data on GA function in AM and orchid mycorrhizal symbioses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526624001183/pdfft?md5=32a866ed3a292c936afd13dbb66abfee&pid=1-s2.0-S1369526624001183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Meddling with the microbiota: Fungal tricks to infect plant hosts 干预微生物群：真菌感染植物宿主的伎俩
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102622
{"title":"Meddling with the microbiota: Fungal tricks to infect plant hosts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants associate with a wealth of microbes, collectively referred to as the plant microbiota, whose composition is determined by host plant genetics, immune responses, environmental factors and intermicrobial relations. Unsurprisingly, microbiota compositions change during disease development. Recent evidence revealed that some of these changes can be attributed to effector proteins with antimicrobial activities that are secreted by plant pathogens to manipulate host microbiota to their advantage. Intriguingly, many of these effectors have ancient origins, predating land plant emergence, and evolved over long evolutionary trajectories to acquire selective antimicrobial activities to target microbial antagonists in host plant microbiota. Thus, we argue that host-pathogen co-evolution likely involved arms races within the host-associated microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526624001134/pdfft?md5=d769429fd405a964fef33fc90664573b&pid=1-s2.0-S1369526624001134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking specialized metabolism in medicinal plant biotechnology through plant–microbiome interactions 通过植物与微生物组的相互作用，开启药用植物生物技术中的特殊代谢。
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102620
{"title":"Unlocking specialized metabolism in medicinal plant biotechnology through plant–microbiome interactions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medicinal plants produce specialized metabolites (SM) that are used as drugs. However, due to low yields of field cultivation and the increasing market demand, this production method often failed to meet supply needs. Biotechnological alternatives, such as <em>in vitro</em> plant cultures, offer promising solutions. Nonetheless, SM production in these systems remains too low for industrial exploitation, necessitating an elicitation step to induce the plant defense metabolism. Traditional elicitation methods mimic environmental conditions that trigger plant-specialized metabolism, often with an artificial signal that mimics microbial interaction. Recent insights into the essential role of the plant microbiota, provides new opportunities for elicitation strategies by microbial coculture in a controlled environment. The successful co-culture of <em>in vitro</em> medicinal plants with synthetic microbial communities could enable sustainable production of pharmaceutically important SM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Specialized metabolism in St John's wort 圣约翰草的特殊新陈代谢
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102625
{"title":"Specialized metabolism in St John's wort","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The specialized metabolism of St. John's wort, <em>Hypericum perforatum</em> L., is a key focus in medicinal plant research due to its hallmark bioactive compounds hyperforin and hypericin. Known for its traditional medicinal uses dating back to ancient times, St. John's wort is currently used for mild depression therapy. Recent research works have shed light on the biosynthesis of various metabolites in this plant, such as flavonoids, xanthones, hyperforin, and hypericin. The elucidation of these pathways, along with the discovery of novel enzymes like hyperforin synthase, support the pharmaceutical research by enabling scalable production of bioactive compounds for the development of new drugs. Elucidation of the hyperforin biosynthesis based on single-cell RNA-seq is an approach that will be expanded and accelerate the gene discovery and full pathway reconstitution of plant specialized metabolites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An emerging connected view: Phytocytokines in regulating stomatal, apoplastic, and vascular immunity 新出现的关联观点：调节气孔、凋亡和血管免疫的植物细胞因子
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102623
{"title":"An emerging connected view: Phytocytokines in regulating stomatal, apoplastic, and vascular immunity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foliar pathogens exploit natural openings, such as stomata and hydathodes, to invade plants, multiply in the apoplast, and potentially spread through the vasculature. To counteract these threats, plants dynamically regulate stomatal movement and apoplastic water potential, influencing hydathode guttation and water transport. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how phytocytokines, plant small peptides with immunomodulatory functions, regulate these processes to limit pathogen entry and proliferation. Additionally, we discuss the coordinated actions of stomatal movement, hydathode guttation, and the vascular system in restricting pathogen entry, multiplication, and dissemination. We also explore future perspectives and key questions arising from these findings, aiming to advance our knowledge of plant immunity and improve disease resistance strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plant microtubule nucleating apparatus and its potential signaling pathway 植物微管成核装置及其潜在信号途径
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102624
{"title":"Plant microtubule nucleating apparatus and its potential signaling pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant cell cortical microtubules are located beneath the plasma membrane and direct the location of cellulose synthases during interphase, influencing cell morphology. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate these microtubules in response to growth and environmental stimuli. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding microtubule nucleation mechanisms in plants and the spatiotemporal regulation of cortical arrays via phytohormone signaling. Emphasis is placed on the conserved nature of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) and plant-specific components. The discussion includes the role of the Augmin complex and the distinct function of the Msd1-Wdr8 complex in plants. We also explore the effects of hormone signaling, particularly brassinosteroids, on the microtubule regulatory apparatus. The interplay between hormone signaling pathways and microtubule dynamics, including phosphorylation events and post-translational modifications, is also addressed. Finally, the impact of environmental signals and the role of protein post-translational modifications in regulating microtubule organization are suggested for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526624001158/pdfft?md5=0be6a06898978b1c4817653859e1776f&pid=1-s2.0-S1369526624001158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extracellular proteases from microbial plant pathogens as virulence factors 作为毒力因子的植物微生物病原体胞外蛋白酶
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102621
{"title":"Extracellular proteases from microbial plant pathogens as virulence factors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant pathogens deploy specialized proteins to aid disease progression, some of these proteins function in the apoplast and constitute proteases. Extracellular virulence proteases have been described to play roles in plant cell wall manipulation and immune evasion. In this review, we discuss the evidence for the hypothesized virulence functions of bacterial, fungal, and oomycete extracellular proteases. We highlight the contrast between the low number of elucidated functions for these proteins and the size of extracellular protease repertoires among pathogens. Finally, we suggest that the refinement of <em>in planta</em> ‘omics’ approaches, combined with recent advances in modeling and mechanism-based methods for trapping substrates finally make it possible to address this knowledge gap.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526624001122/pdfft?md5=fb19f11b8704839ad9f3f517d361e6e4&pid=1-s2.0-S1369526624001122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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