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Under the rainbow: Novel insights on the mechanisms driving the development and evolution of petal pigmentation 彩虹之下：对驱动花瓣色素沉着的发展和进化机制的新见解
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102743
May T.S. Yeo , Edwige Moyroud
{"title":"Under the rainbow: Novel insights on the mechanisms driving the development and evolution of petal pigmentation","authors":"May T.S. Yeo ,&nbsp;Edwige Moyroud","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flower colours have intrigued scientists and artists alike across the ages, but our understanding of how flowers paint their corolla is largely incomplete. Here, we explore how recent studies are bringing to light the dark side of flower colour. We review novel discoveries related to the molecular mechanisms underpinning petal pigmentation, and we argue that colour patterns on the corolla constitute powerful experimental systems to address complex biological questions, including the outcomes of gene duplication, the emergence of novelty, and the significance of regulatory and coding changes in generating morphological diversity. Natural variants represent fantastic resources not only to discover the genetic basis of biodiversity, but also to fill gaps in our understanding of the processes plants employ to appear colourful. As modifications of pigment production often yield striking, tractable phenotypes, floral colour studies provide unique opportunities to illuminate key developmental questions associated with morphogenesis and patterning. Exploring petal pattern variation in an ever-increasing range of species uncovers new research avenues to comprehend the inner workings of development and evolution. By understanding these processes, we are better equipped to program plant behaviour to enhance floral traits and to gain unprecedented insights into the strategies that shape speciation and the emergence of Darwin's ‘endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful’.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102743"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forging the pollen fortress: Cell biological mechanisms of exine formation 锻造花粉堡垒：胞外壁形成的细胞生物学机制
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102742
Yuan Zhou, Anna A. Dobritsa
{"title":"Forging the pollen fortress: Cell biological mechanisms of exine formation","authors":"Yuan Zhou,&nbsp;Anna A. Dobritsa","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During its development, pollen becomes surrounded by a complex cell wall known as the exine. Exine is preceded by the primexine–a thin, transient extracellular structure essential for the formation of a well-developed exine but challenging to visualize and study. Exine formation requires a partnership between the developing pollen and the inner sporophytic anther layer, the tapetum. The tapetum produces enzymes and materials necessary for exine development, which are delivered to the surface of developing pollen and become assembled into the distinct layers and patterns of exine. However, how exine materials are transported, and how the events occurring in the tapetum and in developing pollen are coordinated, remains poorly understood. This review highlights recent advances in understanding primexine structure and composition, the trafficking of exine materials toward the pollen surface, and the recently discovered communication mechanism involving the tapetum, developing pollen, and the middle layer of the anther.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102742"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wet scissors: How biomolecular condensates cut cellular membranes 湿剪刀：生物分子凝聚物如何切割细胞膜
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102740
Xiaofeng Fang , Alexander I. May , Katharina Sporbeck , Lukas Hauer , Roland L. Knorr
{"title":"Wet scissors: How biomolecular condensates cut cellular membranes","authors":"Xiaofeng Fang ,&nbsp;Alexander I. May ,&nbsp;Katharina Sporbeck ,&nbsp;Lukas Hauer ,&nbsp;Roland L. Knorr","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane shape is a fundamental determinant of cellular organisation. Reshaping of membranes is crucial for dynamic processes including organelle and cell division, endocytosis and membrane trafficking. Membrane fission (or scission) is a discontinuous, topological shape change that is central in many such processes. Specialised remodelling proteins, such as dynamins and ESCRT proteins, are capable of forming oligomeric spirals that drive membrane fission in cells. In this review, we summarise evidence demonstrating that capillary forces generated by liquid-like biomolecular condensates can facilitate cellular membrane reshaping and drive fission events. We draw on our recent findings that condensates are implicated in multivesicular body formation to describe the molecular and physical principles that allow biomolecular condensates to cut membranes. We further discuss possible interactions between novel condensate-mediated fission processes and established reshaping processes. We propose that condensates make an important contribution to membrane remodelling events involved in the biogenesis of diverse cellular structures. The characterisation of condensate-mediated membrane reshaping promises to transform our understanding of intracellular organisation and dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extracellular vesicle-mediated RNA warfare: A cross-kingdom battleground 细胞外囊泡介导的RNA战争：跨界战场
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102741
Brisa Davila, Baoye He
{"title":"Extracellular vesicle-mediated RNA warfare: A cross-kingdom battleground","authors":"Brisa Davila,&nbsp;Baoye He","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by cells that carry proteins, RNAs, and other bioactive molecules to mediate intercellular communication. While EV research is well established in animals, studies on plant-derived EVs have only recently emerged, uncovering their critical roles in plant-microbe interactions and cross-kingdom RNA communication. Plant EVs have been shown to selectively deliver small RNAs (sRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to fungal pathogens, suppressing virulence and enhancing plant immunity. Progress in plant EV research has been accelerated by advancements in isolation techniques, such as high-resolution density gradient and immunoaffinity purification. However, challenges remain, including elucidating EV biogenesis, cargo selection, and the mechanisms by which EVs cross plant and fungal cell walls. This review provides an overview of recent progress in plant EV research, with a particular emphasis on EV-mediated cross-kingdom RNA communication and identifies promising directions for future investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102741"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantitative ambient mass spectrometry imaging in plants: A perspective on challenges and future applications 植物定量环境质谱成像：挑战与未来应用展望
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102736
Sarah E. Noll , Andrea M. Sama , Abigail Tripka , Alexandra J. Dickinson
{"title":"Quantitative ambient mass spectrometry imaging in plants: A perspective on challenges and future applications","authors":"Sarah E. Noll ,&nbsp;Andrea M. Sama ,&nbsp;Abigail Tripka ,&nbsp;Alexandra J. Dickinson","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful approach to understanding plant chemistry in a native context because it retains key spatial information that is otherwise averaged out, permitting chemical compounds to be mapped to specific tissue structures. Identifying the spatial localization of compounds in plant tissues has provided insights into the synthesis and functional role of a wide range of endogenous molecules. The power and utility of MSI is being further expanded through the development of quantitative methodologies, which enable relative and absolute quantification of target analytes. Here, we briefly summarize applications of MSI in plant studies. We then turn our discussion to the challenges and developments in quantitative MSI, with a particular focus on ambient liquid extraction-based methods. Quantitative MSI is an emerging discipline in plant studies and holds great promise for revealing new information about the molecular composition of plant tissues and the pathways that regulate plant physiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102736"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Function of nuclear envelope proteins in plant growth and development 核膜蛋白在植物生长发育中的作用
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102738
Olivia S. Hazelwood , Norman B. Best , M. Arif Ashraf
{"title":"Function of nuclear envelope proteins in plant growth and development","authors":"Olivia S. Hazelwood ,&nbsp;Norman B. Best ,&nbsp;M. Arif Ashraf","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nuclear envelope proteins are present across the eukaryotes. Over the past few decades, genetic, molecular, and cell biology tools have been used extensively to study the nuclear envelope proteins in plant and non-plant model organisms, as well as human cell lines. Plant biologists have identified a series of nuclear envelope proteins using both forward and reverse genetic approaches, bioinformatics predictions, and protein–protein interactions. Each discovery is tightly linked with alterations in plant growth and developmental phenotypes. In this review, we highlight the recently emerging developmental aspects, more precisely, stomatal, reproductive, and root development, involving plant nuclear envelope proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102738"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
WUSCHEL: The essential regulator of the Arabidopsis shoot Apical Meristem WUSCHEL：拟南芥茎尖分生组织的重要调控因子
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102739
Elena D. Shpak, Muhammad Uzair
{"title":"WUSCHEL: The essential regulator of the Arabidopsis shoot Apical Meristem","authors":"Elena D. Shpak,&nbsp;Muhammad Uzair","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant longevity depends on reservoirs of slowly proliferating stem cells, where a reduced rate of division is essential for maintaining DNA integrity. Aboveground stem cells are localized in the central zone of the shoot meristems, whose size is controlled by the transcription factor WUS. This review focuses on the mechanism of WUS function and the regulation of its expression. WUS maintains the central zone's size by controlling the hormones such as cytokinins. It forms complexes with various transcription factors and can act as a repressor and an activator of gene transcription. Cytokinins define WUS spatial expression relative to the meristem surface, while EPFL signaling limits <em>WUS</em> radial expansion. CLV3 signaling modulates <em>WUS</em> expression levels within the boundaries set by cytokinin and EPFLs. A significant overlap of <em>WUS</em> and <em>CLV3</em> expression in the L3 layer suggests that autocrine signaling by CLV3 may play a central role in regulating <em>WUS</em> expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102739"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanical control of plant organ growth: Lessons from the seed 植物器官生长的机械控制：来自种子的教训
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102737
Jeanne Braat, Benoit Landrein
{"title":"Mechanical control of plant organ growth: Lessons from the seed","authors":"Jeanne Braat,&nbsp;Benoit Landrein","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant organ growth is governed by the mechanical properties of individual cells but also by mechanical interactions between adjacent cells and tissues. These interactions generate forces that are sensed, triggering mechanical responses that influence essential cellular processes important for growth and differentiation. However, the extent to which cell mechanical properties and responses to forces shape organ size and form, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, remain poorly understood due to the inherent complexity of plant organ morphogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in understanding the mechanics of plant organ development, focusing on insights gained from studying Arabidopsis seed development. We illustrate how mechanical interactions between tissues contribute to the regulation of seed growth and provide a framework for exploring the role of mechanics in shaping plant morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102737"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Branching under pressure: Influences of cell wall architecture and biomechanics on lateral root morphogenesis 压力下的分枝：细胞壁结构和生物力学对侧根形态发生的影响
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102735
Ritu Vadodaria, Charles T. Anderson
{"title":"Branching under pressure: Influences of cell wall architecture and biomechanics on lateral root morphogenesis","authors":"Ritu Vadodaria,&nbsp;Charles T. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants carry out a unique type of organogenesis in which cells do not move relative to each other but instead maintain their relative positions and grow in concert. The coordinated regulation of cell shape and size is thus essential for organ morphogenesis, but in a few developmental processes, most notably in invasive growth and the establishment of branched tissue architectures, cell and tissue growth in plants involves the displacement of surrounding or overlying tissues. Plant cells accomplish patterned developmental morphogenesis in part due to the mechanically complex architectures of their cell walls, which can anisotropically constrain the expansion that is facilitated in many cases by the cellular uptake of water that results in cell pressurization. Here, we focus on one example of patterned tissue growth and cell displacement, the formation and emergence of lateral roots, as a paradigm for understanding how cell wall architecture and cellular biomechanics influence the differentiation and growth of new organs in plants. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of how hormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell wall synthesis and remodeling influence lateral root initiation and emergence, and propose hypotheses and potential research directions for future studies of these complex but essential developmental processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102735"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organ symmetry establishment during gynoecium development 雌蕊发育过程中器官对称性的建立
IF 8.3 2区 生物学
Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102732
Iqra Jamil , Ayanava Giri , Laila Moubayidin
{"title":"Organ symmetry establishment during gynoecium development","authors":"Iqra Jamil ,&nbsp;Ayanava Giri ,&nbsp;Laila Moubayidin","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Symmetry is a key factor in the morphological diversity and reproductive success of angiosperms (flowering plants). The gynoecium, the female reproductive organ of the flower, displays remarkable variation in symmetry types, ranging from bilateral to radial, from its base (ovary) to its apex (style). Proper tissue growth and differentiation occur along the body axes to form three-dimensional structures and establish symmetric forms within the organ.</div><div>In this review, we summarise the latest understanding on cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms governing pivotal symmetry changes during gynoecium development and highlight unresolved questions and potential avenues for future research. Understanding these processes provides valuable insights into the biological networks that regulate symmetry foundation in plant organs, contributing to a broader evolutionary and developmental perspective on plant morphogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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