Matthew E. Bergman , Xing-Qi Huang , Sylvie Baudino , Jean-Claude Caissard , Natalia Dudareva
{"title":"Plant volatile organic compounds: Emission and perception in a changing world","authors":"Matthew E. Bergman , Xing-Qi Huang , Sylvie Baudino , Jean-Claude Caissard , Natalia Dudareva","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by all kingdoms of life and play crucial roles in mediating the communication between organisms and their environment through emission and perception. Plants, in particular, produce and emit an exceptional variety of VOCs that together serve as a complex chemical language facilitating intra-plant, inter-plant, plant–animal, and plant–microbe interactions. VOC signals are perceived and decrypted by receiver plants; however, the emission, composition, distribution and effective range, as well as uptake of these infochemicals depend on temperature and atmospheric chemistry in addition to their physicochemical properties. Since both emission and perception are directly affected by ongoing climate change, research into these processes is urgently needed to develop mitigation strategies against this threat to plant communication networks. In this brief review, we highlight the recent advances about plant VOC emission and perception, emphasizing the effect of the current climate crisis on these processes. Despite some progress in understanding VOC emission and perception, significant gaps remain in elucidating their molecular mechanisms in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102706"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current insights into plant volatile organic compound biosynthesis","authors":"Lin Chen , Pan Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential for various ecological interactions, including plant communication, pollinator attraction, and defense against herbivores. Some VOCs are active ingredients with significant economic and medicinal value. For example, monoterpenoids such as linalool, geraniol, menthol, camphor, borneol, citral, and thymol are well-known for their flavor and aroma. Most monoterpenoids have a strong scent and physiological activity; some compounds, like thymoquinone, have excellent anti-cancer activities, making them important for pharmaceuticals and also beneficial in food and cosmetics. VOCs encompass a diverse range of chemical classes, such as terpenoids, benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, amino acid derivatives, and fatty acid-derived compounds. With the development of genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic techniques, significant progress has been made in the discovery of genes for the biosynthesis of VOCs. Herein, recent advances in the biosynthesis of plant-derived VOCs, focusing on two main classes: benzenoids/phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes, are discussed. It highlights the identification of a peroxisomal enzyme, benzaldehyde synthase, in petunia that elucidates the biosynthetic pathway of benzaldehyde, and a bifunctional enzyme, geranyl/farnesyl diphosphate synthase (RcG/FPPS1), in roses (<em>Rosa chinensis</em> “Old Blush”) that contributes to the production of cytosolic geranyl diphosphate. Current understanding about canonical and non-canonical pathways for monoterpene formation and some approaches that are useful for gene discovery have been discussed. Open questions and future perspectives in this field have also been presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tian-Feng Lü , Feng Gao , Tong-Bing Su , Yang Dong
{"title":"Developmental genetics of fruit diversity in Brassicaceae","authors":"Tian-Feng Lü , Feng Gao , Tong-Bing Su , Yang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruit represents one of the key morphological innovations associated with explosive radiation of angiosperms. Fruits are also the source of vitamins and proteins essential for the human health. Natural selection has led to extraordinarily diverse fruit characters, observed by color, shape, size, texture, and others. Studies in <em>Arabidopsis</em> indicate fruit growth and shattering require the fine-tuned balance between phytohormones and the associated regulatory pathways, which direct anisotropic cell growth in the valves and cell identity specification in the dehiscent zone (DZ), respectively. Moreover, comparative studies in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and its relatives, such as <em>Capsella rubella</em> and <em>Cardamine hirsuta</em>, identified the key cellular innovations and genetic components leading to fruit diversification in Brassicaceae. Altogether, this wealth of information lies the foundation to improve crop performance and address the issues of food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102707"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occurrence and characterization of tricin-lignin","authors":"Wu Lan , Lydia Pui Ying Lam , Andy Lui , Clive Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tricin, a flavonoid, is a noncanonical lignin monomer present in grasses and other monocots, but rarely in dicots. This review explores the latest discovery of biosynthesis, transport, and distribution of tricin in plant cell walls, and discusses the missing gaps in this engaging topic. Tricin biosynthesis in grasses involves the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, with distinct enzymatic processes leading to tricin incorporation into lignin polymers. Methods for characterizing and quantifying tricin in lignin are also highlighted, including NMR spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques with discussion of challenges associated with its low abundance in plant tissues. The stability of tricin during biomass pretreatment processes is discussed, with findings indicating that acidic and alkaline conditions degrade tricin, while milder pretreatments preserve its structure. These insights underscore the potential of tricin in enhancing the functionality of lignin for sustainable bioprocessing, offering promising applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biorefinery industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102703"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant sphingolipids: Subcellular distributions and functions","authors":"Chang Yang, Yin-Ming Lai, Nan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sphingolipids are common membrane components that maintain membrane structural integrity and function as signaling molecules. Different sphingolipids have specific functions and are unevenly distributed across the membranes of various organelles and subcellular compartments. In this review, we survey the sphingolipidomes of different subcellular structures in Arabidopsis (<em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>) cells and provide a detailed account of the functions of specific sphingolipids at each location. For example, glycosphingolipids, including glucosylceramide and glycosyl inositol phosphoceramide, mainly function in membranes, whereas simple sphingolipids, including free long-chain bases and ceramide, may have important signaling roles in the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus during plant stress responses and cell death. This review thus offers a broad perspective of the multifaceted roles of plant sphingolipids in different locations in the plant cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102704"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anya Lillemor Lindström Battle, Lee James Sweetlove
{"title":"Bryophytes as metabolic engineering platforms","authors":"Anya Lillemor Lindström Battle, Lee James Sweetlove","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic engineering of plants offers significant advantages over many microbial systems such as cost-effective scalability and carbon autotrophy. Bryophytes have emerged as promising testbeds for plant metabolic engineering due to their rapid transformation and haploid-dominant lifecycle. The liverwort <em>Marchantia polymorpha</em> and the moss <em>Physcomitrium patens</em> are the best studied bryophytes and an expanding toolkit of genetic resources for both species allows for efficient pathway engineering. Bryophyte metabolism, while broadly conserved with seed plants, exhibits distinct features such as high diversity and amounts of terpenoids and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (vlcPFAs). In this review, we summarise the relatively limited understanding of bryophyte metabolism and how it diverges from seed plants. We argue that the success of bryophytes as testbed species will require new quantitative knowledge of fluxes in central metabolism and especially those that facilitate high rates of terpenoid and vlcPFA biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102702"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biosynthesis of triterpenoids in plants: Pathways, regulation, and biological functions","authors":"Huan Dong, Xiaoquan Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant triterpenoids, a vast and diverse group of natural compounds derived from six isoprene units, exhibit an extensive array of structural diversity and remarkable biological activities. In this review, we update the recent research progress in the catalytic mechanisms underlying triterpene synthesis and summarize the current insights into the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of triterpenoids. We emphasize the biosynthesis of pharmacologically active triterpenoids and the role of triterpenoid synthesis in plant growth, development, defense mechanisms, and plant–microbe interactions. This insight review offers a comprehensive perspective on the applications and future avenues of triterpenoid research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102701"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineering nitrogen and carbon fixation for next-generation plants","authors":"Zehong Zhao , Alisdair R. Fernie , Youjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving plant nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) acquisition and assimilation is a major challenge for global agriculture, food security, and ecological sustainability. Emerging synthetic biology techniques, including directed evolution, artificial intelligence (AI)-guided enzyme design, and metabolic engineering, have opened new avenues for optimizing nitrogenase to fix atmospheric N<sub>2</sub> in plants, engineering <em>Rhizobia</em> or other nitrogen-fixing bacteria for symbiotic associations with both legume and nonlegume crops, and enhancing carbon fixation to improve photosynthetic efficiency and source-to-sink assimilate fluxes. Here, we discuss the potential for engineering nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation mechanisms in plants, from rational and AI-driven optimization of nitrogen and carbon fixation cycles. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for modifying source-to-sink relationships to promote robust growth in extreme conditions, such as arid deserts, saline-alkaline soils, or even extraterrestrial environments like Mars. The combined engineering of N and C pathways promises a new generation of crops with enhanced productivity, resource-use efficiency, and resilience. Finally, we explore future perspectives, focusing on the integration of enzyme engineering via directed evolution and computational design to accelerate metabolic innovation in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102699"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaoyao Li , Wenjie Huang , Huijun Gao , Ganjun Yi , Shijuan Yan
{"title":"Regulation of starch metabolism in banana fruit: Mechanisms shaping the nutritional quality","authors":"Yaoyao Li , Wenjie Huang , Huijun Gao , Ganjun Yi , Shijuan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bananas are nutrient-rich fruits that provide starch, essential vitamins, and minerals and play significant importance in the global economy through extensive production, trade, and consumption. Nutrient metabolic processes, such as starch-to-sugar conversion, are fundamental in shaping the quality of banana fruits. Starch accounts for 15%–35% of fresh fruit weight, and its degradation mediated by ethylene signaling components can increase sweetness, soften texture, and increase the palatability of banana fruit. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulatory mechanism underlying starch metabolism in banana fruits, highlights key research questions for future investigation, and proposes promising strategies to manipulate starch levels to develop new banana varieties with enhanced nutritional quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102698"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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