{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Agent's Adaptive Gaze Behaviors","authors":"Kazuhiro Horie, Tomoko Koda","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3418758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3418758","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to develop gaze behaviors of a virtual agent that adapt to the gaze behavior of a human conversant so that both introverts and extroverts feel comfortable with. The proposed adaptive gaze model changes the agent's gaze percentage to the user according to the user's gaze percentage to the agent. The results of the evaluation experiment suggest the adaptive gaze model enhances perceived friendliness of the agent and lowers stress toward conversation for introverts.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133182122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Experience and Embodiment on Empathetic Behavior toward Virtual Agents","authors":"Yuna Kano, J. Morita","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3415074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3415074","url":null,"abstract":"To realize a harmonized relationship between human and computational systems, it is necessary to understand the nature of empathy for a virtual agent and the kinds of behaviors elicited by such mental activity. By setting a ball-tossing game in which a participant and two virtual agents were involved, we examined how ostracism experiences affect cognitive empathy and how embodiment induced by VR (Virtual Reality) influences behaviors that elicit emotional empathy. Thirty-two participants were divided into two groups by manipulating the experience of being ostracized in the preparatory task. In the main task, the participants played the game under two conditions: an equitable condition, in which the virtual agents tossed the ball evenly to the participant and the other agent, and an inequitable condition, in which one agent tossed the ball only to the participant. The data obtained in the experiment was analyzed from the viewpoint of helping behaviors to the agent who was ostracized and examined the relation of this behavior with the EQ (Empathy Quotient), an index to measure an individual's empathetic traits. As a result, the ostracized experience made the participants notice the ostracizing behaviors of the agent and fostered helping behavior toward the agent who was ostracized. In addition, the participants with a high EQ tended not to notice the ostracizing behavior in the situation without embodiment induced by VR, whereas they exhibited more helping behaviors when they experienced the task with the VR device. We consider that these findings contribute to the design of smoother interaction between humans and virtual agents.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123067954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanna Kouri, Ellinoora Köpman, Aino Ahtinen, Valentina Ramirez Millan
{"title":"Customized Robot-Assisted Language Learning to Support Immigrants at Work: Findings and Insights from a Qualitative User Experience Study","authors":"Susanna Kouri, Ellinoora Köpman, Aino Ahtinen, Valentina Ramirez Millan","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3415065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3415065","url":null,"abstract":"There is a strong societal pressure for the immigrants to learn the local language to be able to properly enter the work-life and social life in the new culture. The limit of resources in second language teaching and the challenges related to language practicing with native people, encourages us to search for alternative options for the second language learning. Robot-assisted language learning (RALL) provides one potential option. In this article, we focus on exploring the potentials of customized language robots for immigrants to support their professional development and adaptation to the local work contexts. We describe our qualitative and exploratory user study with 10 immigrants as participants, focusing on their user experience (UX) of the customized RALL solution for language learning at work settings. We collected data through 1) field observations of the authentic RALL sessions in a user pilot, and 2) user interviews in the end of the pilot. The research shows that customization of several aspects of RALL is needed to support immigrants? language learning at work. These include, e.g. the vocabulary and tasks, the level, the speed of language, and the timing of the RALL. The optimal customization can be achieved by co-designing the RALL within the multidisciplinary team including the workplace representatives, language trainer and programmer. The RALL provides a lot of potential for immigrants? language learning as it offers unique learning experiences and many possibilities to keep up the learner?s attention and motivation. However, there are also challenging aspects, which need further consideration.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127845643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing Human Trust Attitudes Towards Human and Agent Teammates","authors":"Feyza Merve Hafizoglu, S. Sen","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3415082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3415082","url":null,"abstract":"Agents' roles in our lives increasingly matter as they engage with people in a variety of important tasks. To achieve successful human-agent teamwork, it is critical to know the differences and similarities in people's attitudes towards human and agent teammates in virtual environments. It is unclear to what extent we can rely on the rich literature on interpersonal trust, i.e., trust between humans, while designing trustworthy agent teammates for human-agent teamwork and constructing hypotheses for human-agent trust research. This study empirically investigates the differences in the growth of human trust in and reliance on human and agent teammates during initial interactions. We developed a team coordination game, the Game of Trust, in which two players repeatedly cooperate to complete team tasks without prior assignment of subtasks. The effects of teammate type, i.e., human vs. agent, are evaluated by performing an extensive set of controlled experiments with participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. We collect both teamwork performance data as well as surveys to gauge participants' trust in their teammates. The empirical results show that humans' trust attitudes towards human and agent teammates differ: trust in and reliance on teammate and team performance were slightly higher when playing with the agent teammate. Moreover, the level of trustworthiness of a teammate is more influential on human trust compared to teammate type. These findings enhance our understanding of changes in human trust concerning teammate type towards achieving successful virtual teamwork.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116859896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creation of a Character Control System Using Fuzzy Japanese Speech Input","authors":"Minori Yoshida, Hiro Bizen, Makoto Jimbu, Yasuo Kawai","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3418771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3418771","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we developed a character control interface for a virtual character using fuzzy voice input in Japanese. Previous voice input interfaces have used pre-registered words in the system to control characters. The system uses the Japanese WordNet, a Japanese semantic dictionary, to associate words including synonyms with the character's commands so that even fuzzy voice input can be easily controlled. This system is considered to be effective as a voice input interface for systems that require instantaneous operations, such as action games.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126191187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Interactive Show: A Conversational Companion for Young Children and Childcare Assistant for Parents","authors":"Neelma Bhatti, Timothy L. Stelter, D. McCrickard","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3418753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3418753","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in the fields of natural language processing, machine learning and speech recognition have led to the increasing adoption of conversational agents in a variety of domains. However, the use of conversational agents as a childcare assistant for parents of young children has not been realized. We propose the use of conversational agents into children's programs to produce an interactive show, which can be employed as conversational companion for children, and a childcare assistant for parents of young children who have limited access to childcare options. Key features of the interactive show include understanding, responsiveness and maintaining an uninterrupted conversation flow. We argue that having a truly interactive show can engage children for a longer period of time without being distracted, which can give parents some time to attend to their needs in the absence of help.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Schmidbauer, Marcel Umele, Tanja Zigart, A. Weiss, S. Schlund
{"title":"On the Intention to Use the Pepper Robot as Communication Channel in a Business Context: Results of a User Acceptance Survey","authors":"Christina Schmidbauer, Marcel Umele, Tanja Zigart, A. Weiss, S. Schlund","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3415062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3415062","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a user acceptance survey (based on the Technology Acceptance Model ? TAM) of the humanoid social robot Pepper as a communication channel in different information retrieval scenarios in a business context. In total, 239 passers-by participated in the survey, which had a specific focus on the impact of perceived safety and security aspects. The results revealed a positive assessment of its perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. It also showed how safety, data protection, and privacy concerns impact the intention to use the robot. The study findings are supported by the outcomes of eight expert interviews.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114293049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahatul Amin Ananto, Denise Y. Geiskkovitch, J. Young
{"title":"Domestic Robots for Individuals Living With Loneliness: A Long-Term In-Home Interaction Study Design","authors":"Rahatul Amin Ananto, Denise Y. Geiskkovitch, J. Young","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3418749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3418749","url":null,"abstract":"A growing area of human-robot interaction explores how robots, for example as companions, can be used to help people manage loneliness. However, we do not yet have research results indicating if people are ready to accept companion robots in their daily lives, and thus if companion robots can actually be successful broadly in society. We present a novel long-term in-home interaction study design that will explore how people accept these robots in their homes and how the robots impact loneliness.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117172384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Was Vector a Companion during Shutdown?: Insights from an Ethnographic Study in Austria","authors":"Christiana Tsiourti, A. Pillinger, A. Weiss","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3418767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3418767","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to shutdowns in several countries all over the world, including Austria (March to April 2020). In February 2020 we initiated an ethnographic study to explore the adoption of the commercially available robot Anki Vector in eight households. The fourth household visit of this study happened right during the shutdown, and was thus conducted online. We were particularly curious to see if being isolated at home increased (or changed) peoples' engagement with Vector (as we expected people to have more time with the robot and a higher need for entertainment and companionship). Our interviews revealed that novel use cases emerged during the shutdown: a single-person household found a way to integrate Vector in their Yoga routine, and video calls with family and friends. However, we did not find a qualitative indication that engagement with Vector increased during the shutdown period. This goes in line with findings from fellow researchers suggesting that commercially available service robots fail to engage their users in the longer term.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129787856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emy Arts, S. Zörner, Kavish Bhatia, Glareh Mir, Florian Schmalzl, Ankit Srivastava, Brenda Vasiljevic, Tayfun Alpay, Annika Peters, Erik Strahl, S. Wermter
{"title":"Exploring Human-Robot Trust Through the Investment Game: An Immersive Space Mission Scenario","authors":"Emy Arts, S. Zörner, Kavish Bhatia, Glareh Mir, Florian Schmalzl, Ankit Srivastava, Brenda Vasiljevic, Tayfun Alpay, Annika Peters, Erik Strahl, S. Wermter","doi":"10.1145/3406499.3415078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3406499.3415078","url":null,"abstract":"As robots become more advanced and capable, developing trust is an important factor of human-robot interaction and cooperation. However, as multiple environmental and social factors can influence trust, it is important to develop more elaborate scenarios and methods to measure human-robot trust. A widely used measurement of trust in social science is the investment game. In this study, we propose a scaled-up, immersive, science fiction Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenario for intrinsic motivation on human-robot collaboration, built upon the investment game and aimed at adapting the investment game for human-robot trust. For this purpose, we utilise two Neuro-Inspired Companion (NICO) - robots and a projected scenery. We investigate the applicability of our space mission experiment design to measure trust and the impact of non-verbal communication. We observe a correlation of 0.43 (p=0.02)between self-assessed trust and trust measured from the game and a positive impact of non-verbal communication on trust (p=0.0008) and robot perception for anthropomorphism (p=0.007) and animacy (p=0.00002). We conclude that our scenario is an appropriate method to measure trust in human-robot interaction and also to study how non-verbal communication influences a human's trust in robots.","PeriodicalId":109801,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128729484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}