Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care最新文献_第9页

Dietary fibre and the gut microbiome: implications for glucose homeostasis. 膳食纤维和肠道微生物群：对葡萄糖稳态的影响。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001160

Jennifer E Pugh, Edward S Chambers

{"title":"Dietary fibre and the gut microbiome: implications for glucose homeostasis.","authors":"Jennifer E Pugh, Edward S Chambers","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001160","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001160","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Despite long-standing evidence linking dietary fibre intake to improved glycaemic control and reduced chronic disease risk, most individuals fail to meet recommended intake levels. As interest grows in the gut microbiota's role in mediating fibre's health effects, this review evaluates recent human intervention trials to assess whether dietary fibre improves glucose homeostasis through microbiota-dependent mechanisms.Recent findings: Nine recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the effects of dietary fibre on glycaemic markers and gut microbiota, primarily in individuals at risk of or diagnosed with metabolic disease. Five studies reported improvements in glycaemic outcomes such as fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR. Microbial responses were inconsistent, with variable effects on diversity and composition. Notably, improvements in markers of gut barrier integrity and systemic inflammation were consistently observed in studies including these as mechanistic outcomes.Summary: Although dietary fibre may enhance glycaemic control and modulate the gut microbiota, effects vary by fibre type, dose, population, and study design. Markers of gut barrier integrity and inflammation appear to be more reliable indicators of benefit compared with the assessments of gut microbial composition. Future trials should prioritise healthy populations to explore the potential of dietary fibre to maintain metabolic health.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"483-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial. 社论。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001163

Chris McGlory, Javier Gonzalez

引用次数: 0

Laboratory assessment of nutritional status in ICU patients. ICU患者营养状况的实验室评估。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001165

Marlies Ostermann

{"title":"Laboratory assessment of nutritional status in ICU patients.","authors":"Marlies Ostermann","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001165","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001165","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Malnutrition is common during critical illness and associated with worse outcomes. To identify high-risk patients and tailor management, it is important to evaluate patients' nutritional status.Recent findings: Albumin, transthyretin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) reflect the acute-phase in critical illness and are influenced to different degrees by various consequences of critical illness, including inflammation, fluid shifts and organ dysfunction. They should not be regarded as biomarkers of malnutrition. Similarly, total circulating lymphocyte count, insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin-6 associate with malnutrition but are not reliable laboratory biomarkers to assess nutritional status of critically ill patients.Nonlaboratory tools to evaluate nutritional status include ultrasound evaluation of skeletal muscle thickness and computed tomographic evaluation of paravertebral or limb fat to muscle ratio.Serial transthyretin, RBP and muscle imaging can be used to monitor changes in nutritional status over time.Summary: Assessing nutritional status in critically ill patients is complex due to the influence of inflammation, fluid shifts, and organ dysfunction on traditional biomarkers. There is an urgent need for better tools to enable tailored personalized nutritional support.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"509-514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weighing the benefits against the risks of intermittent fasting. 权衡间歇性禁食的好处和风险。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001162

Karin Amrein, Manfred Eggersdorfer

引用次数: 0

Impact of intermittent fasting on micronutrient intake. 间歇性禁食对微量营养素摄入的影响。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001148

Sabina Wallerer, Lukas Schwingshackl

{"title":"Impact of intermittent fasting on micronutrient intake.","authors":"Sabina Wallerer, Lukas Schwingshackl","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001148","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001148","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This narrative review aims to evaluate the current evidence on how intermittent fasting regimens - including alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted eating (TRE) - affect micronutrient intake in adults.Recent findings: Several randomized controlled trials have reported reductions in the intake of key micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, folate, vitamin C, and various B vitamins during ADF and TRE. These deficiencies are largely driven by lower total energy intake and reduced consumption of nutrient-dense foods on fasting days. While some studies found no significant differences in micronutrient adequacy between ADF/TRE and continuous energy restriction, others observed higher prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake with intermittent fasting regimens. Dietary supplement use varied across studies and may help mitigate deficiency risks. Variations in study design, dietary adherence, dietary patterns, baseline nutritional status and nutritional advice appear to influence outcomes substantially.Summary: Although intermittent fasting is an effective and flexible approach to weight management, it may compromise micronutrient intake if dietary quality is not prioritized. Emphasis should be placed on nutrient-dense food choices during eating windows. Dietary supplements may be necessary in restrictive or prolonged fasting regimens to prevent deficiencies and support overall metabolic health.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"503-508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiaging agents: pharmacological therapy targeted at preserving skeletal muscle size and function in aging adults. 抗衰老药物：旨在保持老年人骨骼肌大小和功能的药物治疗。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001159

Jeremy R Pearson, Jenna M Bartley, Arny A Ferrando, David D Church

{"title":"Antiaging agents: pharmacological therapy targeted at preserving skeletal muscle size and function in aging adults.","authors":"Jeremy R Pearson, Jenna M Bartley, Arny A Ferrando, David D Church","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001159","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001159","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Aging population rates are significantly increasing and improved quality of life during aging is a top priority. The decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength is a major concern with aging, as it impairs the ability to perform activities of daily living and significantly diminishes quality of life. Effective strategies to counteract this decline are necessary for supporting longevity and enhancing quality of life in older adults.Recent findings: In addition to exercise and nutritional interventions, pharmaceutical compounds are routinely explored as a means of maintaining muscle size, strength and function during the aging process. The addition of exercise would offer greater effects, although combined evidence is lacking. In this review, we highlight several pharmacological compounds, including anabolic agents, caloric restriction mimetics, metformin, and rapamycin, targeted at skeletal muscle that may enhance the effect of exercise. These trials have demonstrated muscle retention and growth, as well as improved strength and functional outcomes.Summary: Pharmacological therapy shows promise to improve skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. The addition of exercise with these compounds would be expected to further enhance skeletal muscle adaptations and quality of life, especially in sarcopenic adults.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"463-468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in exercise immunometabolism: Immune cell bioenergetics, muscle-immune cell interactions, and potential dietary adjuvants. 运动免疫代谢的最新进展：免疫细胞生物能量学、肌肉-免疫细胞相互作用和潜在的膳食佐剂。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001157

Hashim Islam

{"title":"Recent advances in exercise immunometabolism: Immune cell bioenergetics, muscle-immune cell interactions, and potential dietary adjuvants.","authors":"Hashim Islam","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001157","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001157","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Exercise profoundly alters immunological processes to improve overall health and immunity. The link between immune cell metabolism and function has prompted study of immune cell bioenergetics following acute exercise and the role of muscle-resident immune cells in training adaptations. This review highlights recent work in the area and discusses potential dietary approaches for boosting exercise-induced immunometabolic benefits.Recent findings: Human studies highlight the ability of exercise to alter immune cell bioenergetics, with some also reporting accompanying changes in immune cell function. Rodent studies involving moderate exercise report improved innate and adaptive immune cell phenotypes that are accompanied by increased mitochondrial size and bioenergetic function. Various muscle resident immune cell subpopulations including macrophages, mast cells, and regulatory T cells also appear to be involved in the adaptive responses to exercise. Fasting, exogenous ketones, and mitochondrial enhancing compounds (e.g., sulforaphane, urolithin A) could theoretically potentiate the immunometabolic benefits of exercise based on their independent effects, but evidence for combined interventions is currently lacking.Summary: Exercise and dietary manipulations that independently alter immunometabolic pathways could be combined to maximize associated health benefits. This may benefit those who cannot meet physical activity guidelines or want to maximize exercise adaptation.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"469-476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of high-protein diets in the management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. 高蛋白饮食在2型糖尿病患者血糖控制管理中的作用

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001161

Gráinne Whelehan, Francis B Stephens

{"title":"The role of high-protein diets in the management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Gráinne Whelehan, Francis B Stephens","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001161","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001161","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Type 2 diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease with dietary treatment often recommended as the first line management strategy. Whilst caloric restriction remains the most-effective means of obtaining diabetes remission, high-protein diets (25-35% of energy intake) have garnered interest for their potential role in optimizing postprandial and longer-term glycaemic control. High-protein diets are not currently an established recommendation for people with diabetes and here we discuss the recent evidence for high-protein diets and glycaemic control.Recent findings: This review highlights the evidence demonstrating improved postprandial glycaemia after acute protein ingestion due to increased insulin secretion, and whether this translates into longer-term dietary intervention trials. The impact of the source of protein is clear within acute postprandial studies, but appears less relevant over longer periods. We also discuss the caveats surrounding high-protein diets, including the weight-loss independent benefits and the accompanying reduction in dietary carbohydrate.Summary: High-protein diets, in combination with a reduction in carbohydrate intake, may be a useful dietary strategy in the management of glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"489-495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ketogenic diet in the management of disease. 生酮饮食在疾病管理中的应用。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001158

Thien Luong, Mads Svart, Lars Christian Gormsen, Esben Søndergaard

{"title":"Ketogenic diet in the management of disease.","authors":"Thien Luong, Mads Svart, Lars Christian Gormsen, Esben Søndergaard","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001158","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001158","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The ketogenic diet has gained renewed attention as a nutritional intervention across a range of chronic diseases. This review evaluates the recent clinical evidence supporting ketogenic diet applications beyond epilepsy, with a focus on cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and oncological conditions.Recent findings: Ketogenic diet improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in obesity and type 2 diabetes, effect that are partly attributable to weight loss, but also include reduced postprandial glucose excursions, lower insulin levels, and altered substrate metabolism. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, ketogenic diet may increase substrate availability, cerebral perfusion and cognition function. Preliminary data from uncontrolled studies suggests potential benefits in severe mental illness. In oncology, ketogenic diet may influence tumor metabolism via glucose restriction, but clinical efficacy as an adjunct therapy remains unproven. Across studies, conclusions are limited by short intervention durations, inconsistent protocols, low dietary adherence, and high interindividual variability in metabolic response.Summary: Although emerging data suggest therapeutic potential of ketogenic diet across several conditions, routine clinical implementation is premature. Future trials should employ standardized dietary protocols and assess long-term, clinically relevant outcomes to establish safety and efficacy.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"477-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Muscle preservation during hospitalization: energy balance, protein intake, and habitual physical activity. 住院期间的肌肉保存：能量平衡、蛋白质摄入和习惯性体力活动。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001154

Cas J Fuchs, Luc J C van Loon

{"title":"Muscle preservation during hospitalization: energy balance, protein intake, and habitual physical activity.","authors":"Cas J Fuchs, Luc J C van Loon","doi":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001154","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCO.0000000000001154","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Muscle loss during hospitalization is a major clinical concern, as it has been associated with reduced physical function, quality of life, and increased mortality. This review outlines the key causes of muscle wasting and highlights practical strategies to support muscle mass preservation during hospitalization.Recent findings: Physical inactivity, along with reduced energy and protein intake, are the primary drivers of muscle atrophy during hospitalization by suppressing muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Maintaining energy balance is critical to prevent declines in MPS rates and attenuate muscle loss. Preserving habitual protein intake is essential and, when total energy intake is reduced, should be achieved through a more protein-dense diet. Preventing disuse atrophy requires at least some level of daily physical activity. Physical activity sensitizes skeletal muscle to the anabolic properties of protein ingestion, enabling greater use of protein-derived amino acids for MPS. Therefore, frequent in-hospital movements, such as bed-to-chair transfers and walking, should be encouraged. When voluntary activity or muscle contractions are impossible, exercise mimetics, like neuromuscular electrical stimulation, may be applied to stimulate muscle activity and limit muscle mass loss.Summary: Preserving muscle mass during hospitalization requires a multimodal approach: achieving energy balance, maintaining protein intake, minimizing muscle disuse, and, whenever necessary, apply exercise mimetics.","PeriodicalId":10962,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care","volume":" ","pages":"439-444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0