Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology最新文献_第3页

Epinephrine nasal spray for the treatment of anaphylaxis: perspectives in pediatrics. 肾上腺素鼻喷雾剂治疗过敏反应：在儿科的观点。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001109

Giada Crescioli, Mattia Giovannini, Benedetta Pessina, Simona Barni, Antonella Muraro, Alfredo Vannacci, Francesca Mori

{"title":"Epinephrine nasal spray for the treatment of anaphylaxis: perspectives in pediatrics.","authors":"Giada Crescioli, Mattia Giovannini, Benedetta Pessina, Simona Barni, Antonella Muraro, Alfredo Vannacci, Francesca Mori","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000001109","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction characterized by a rapid onset and can be potentially life-threatening. Epinephrine is considered the first-line treatment, and until recently, it was available only for intramuscular injection. A new intranasal epinephrine delivery device has now been approved for use in adults and children, offering a needle-free option for emergency treatment of allergic reactions. This narrative review explores its technical characteristics, along with its pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles based on the results of the most recent clinical trials.Recent findings: The key advantages of the intranasal route, including the elimination of needle-length variability, reduced risk of administration errors in obese or underweight patients, and simplified storage requirements, are also discussed. According to recent research, intranasal epinephrine represents an easy-to-use, effective, and well tolerated treatment for severe allergic reactions. Intranasal delivery may offer a painless, easy-to-use, and reliable solution suitable for healthcare professionals, age-appropriate patients and caregivers.Summary: Based on the current evidence, intranasal epinephrine appears to be a promising, well tolerated option that could significantly improve the accessibility and effectiveness of anaphylaxis management in the pediatric setting.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patients' perspective on allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergy. 呼吸道过敏患者对过敏原免疫治疗的看法。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001110

Francesco Catamerò, Simona Barbaglia, Enrico Heffler, Mattia Giovannini, Giovanni Paoletti

{"title":"Patients' perspective on allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergy.","authors":"Francesco Catamerò, Simona Barbaglia, Enrico Heffler, Mattia Giovannini, Giovanni Paoletti","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000001110","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review explores patients' perspective on allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for respiratory allergy, addressing awareness, motivations, adherence challenges, perceived benefits and risks, and the importance of education and shared decision-making. It also summarizes the data on patient-reported outcomes, considers the role of patient associations, and outlines future directions for enhancing adherence and advancing patient-centered care.Recent findings: AIT is the only treatment capable of modifying the natural course of allergic diseases, providing lasting benefits in terms of symptom reduction, quality of life (QoL), and asthma control. Despite its efficacy and safety, AIT remains underused due to several factors, including cost, misinformation, patient skepticism, and adherence challenges. Limited reimbursements further restrict access.Summary: The patient's perspective is crucial in AIT, as it directly impacts adherence and treatment outcomes. Allergic rhinitis and asthma significantly reduce the QoL, especially when poorly controlled, but their burdens are often underestimated. Adherence to AIT depends on multiple factors including age, physician engagement, perceived efficacy, convenience, education, and socioeconomic status. Effective communication, shared decision-making, and tailored education enhance long-term compliance, while financial barriers and lack of reimbursement remain significant obstacles. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential tools for assessing symptom burden, disease control, and QoL, supporting clinical decisions and research. Validated PROMs, as well as combined symptom-medication scores, help personalize care and are increasingly integrated into digital platforms for real-time monitoring. Respiratory patient associations play a vital role in promoting education, empowerment, and advocacy, enhancing adherence and access to care.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can immunotherapy prevent the progression of airway disease? 免疫疗法能预防气道疾病的进展吗？

IF 2.6 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001111

Josefine Gradman, Susanne Halken

{"title":"Can immunotherapy prevent the progression of airway disease?","authors":"Josefine Gradman, Susanne Halken","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000001111","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The potential of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to prevent allergic airway disease progression are demonstrated. Though not all patients benefit equally, there is limited research on which patients may benefit most.In this article, we focus on factors that may influence the risk of progression and their influence on the preventive effects of AIT, and whether some patients may benefit more than others may.Recent findings: Various factors including age, genetic predisposition, number of sensitizations and co-morbidities, can influence the risk of progression, especially from allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) to asthma. Early age and severity are associated with a higher risk of progression. Younger children with ARC may benefit most from AIT with respect to prevent development of asthma. The number of sensitizations may not influence the effect. Since early allergic multisensitization and multimorbidity is associated with a low chance of remission and high risk of progression of allergic airway disease this group would be an obvious target for preventive AIT, which remains to be investigated.Summary: AIT might be considered at an earlier age than hitherto. Most AIT studies have not stratified the results based on sensitizations and comorbidities. We recommend existing randomized controlled trial data to be reevaluated for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145014085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune phenotyping impacts on management of severe cutaneous adverse reaction. 免疫表型对严重皮肤不良反应处理的影响。

IF 3 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001082

Ryota Hayashi, Riichiro Abe

{"title":"Immune phenotyping impacts on management of severe cutaneous adverse reaction.","authors":"Ryota Hayashi, Riichiro Abe","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001082","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001082","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Pathogenesis of severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) has been identified by recent studies. This review provides recent understanding of pathomechanisms of SCAR and how to manage the patients with SCAR.Recent findings: Recent studies, including single-cell data, identified key signaling pathways and immune phenotypes in SCAR. These studies have highlighted potential treatments, such as TNF-α inhibitors and JAK inhibitors. Moreover, severity score of DIHS/DRESS and many biomarkers for SCAR are provided.Summary: The pathogenesis of SCAR remains unclear, and most effective therapeutic strategy has not yet been established. However, the pathogenesis of keratinocyte cell death in SJS/TEN, which is the most critical phenomenon, has been established. The difference of immune profile between early and late stage have been suggested in DIHS/DRESS. Although new therapeutic options have been identified by resent studies, there is a lack of trial data for the efficiency of them. Further trials and studies of SCAR is expected to lead to the development of general effective treatment options for SCAR.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"230-236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: pharmacotherapy and evidence-based medicine in allergy and clinical immunology-2025 updates and perspectives. 社论：过敏和临床免疫学的药物治疗和循证医学-2025更新和展望。

IF 3 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001087

Giovanni Paoletti, Edoardo Cavaglià, Andrea Di Biase, Danilo Di Bona

引用次数: 0

New treatments for systemic mastocytosis in 2025. 2025年系统性肥大细胞增多症的新疗法。

IF 3 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001079

Giovanni Costanzo, Valentina Marzio, Edoardo Cavaglià, Giovanni Paoletti, Enrico Heffler

{"title":"New treatments for systemic mastocytosis in 2025.","authors":"Giovanni Costanzo, Valentina Marzio, Edoardo Cavaglià, Giovanni Paoletti, Enrico Heffler","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001079","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001079","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To provide an accessible, comprehensive overview of past, present, imminent, and future therapies for systemic mastocytosis.Recent findings: Based on recent trials, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved two drugs for treating advanced systemic mastocytosis: avapritinib and midostaurin. The FDA also approved imatinib for selected cases of aggressive systemic mastocytosis without the D816V c-Kit mutation. Moreover, for the first time, a cytoreductive molecule, avapritinib, has been approved for patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis.Summary: Despite the considerable therapeutic progress in recent years, systemic mastocytosis is an incurable disease. In the last 20 years, the management of systemic mastocytosis has transformed from a one-size-fits-all approach, characterized by nonspecific cytoreductive drugs, to a tailored strategy focused on increasingly precise molecular targets, with the most notable example being the KIT inhibitors. Recently, the FDA and EMA have approved two drugs for treating systemic mastocytosis: avapritinib and midostaurin. Moreover, numerous trials are currently assessing the efficacy of new molecules: most are testing new-generation KIT inhibitors (ripretinib, bezuclastinib, elenestinib, masitinib, nintedanib), others focusing on Bruton's kinase (TL-895), interleukin-6 (sarilumab), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-8 (lirentelimab), mTOR and CD33, among others. Real-life data are needed to confirm preliminary preclinical results.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"277-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hypereosinophilia: clinical and therapeutic approach in 2025. 嗜酸性粒细胞增多症：2025年的临床和治疗方法。

IF 3 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001078

Giusi Taurisano, Maria Clara Ruffi, Silvia Canalis, Giulia Anna Maria Luigia Costanzo

{"title":"Hypereosinophilia: clinical and therapeutic approach in 2025.","authors":"Giusi Taurisano, Maria Clara Ruffi, Silvia Canalis, Giulia Anna Maria Luigia Costanzo","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001078","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001078","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review addresses the clinical and biological complexities of hypereosinophilia (HE) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), highlighting the need for improved diagnostic frameworks and therapeutic strategies. Due to the increasing recognition of HE and its potential for severe multiorgan involvement, a structured, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management is essential for optimizing patient outcomes.Recent findings: Recent literature categorizes HE into hereditary, reactive, and neoplastic forms, with significant advancements in defining associated conditions and their pathophysiological mechanisms. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic eosinophilia to life-threatening complications involving the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, heart, and nervous system. Corticosteroids remain the first-line treatment across most subtypes. Imatinib has shown high efficacy, particularly in patients with FIP1L1::PDGFRA fusion. However, therapeutic resistance and relapse still occur. Biologic therapies targeting interleukin (IL)-5 or its receptor, such as mepolizumab and benralizumab, have demonstrated promise in reducing eosinophils counts and preventing flare-ups. Additional agents under investigation include dupilumab and lirentelimab.Summary: The findings highlight the importance of accurate classification and tailored management of HE and HES, which are crucial for preventing organ damage and improving quality of life. Ongoing clinical trials and research will expand therapeutic options, clarify underlying mechanisms, and address current unmet needs.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"258-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tailoring the treatment of type-2 related chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps: a comparative analysis of medical and surgical approaches. 有或无鼻息肉的2型相关慢性鼻窦炎的治疗：内科和外科方法的比较分析

IF 3 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001057

Francesco Giombi, Giuseppe Mercante, Emanuele Nappi, Valentina Marzio, Luca Malvezzi

{"title":"Tailoring the treatment of type-2 related chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps: a comparative analysis of medical and surgical approaches.","authors":"Francesco Giombi, Giuseppe Mercante, Emanuele Nappi, Valentina Marzio, Luca Malvezzi","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001057","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001057","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Advances in understanding the molecular pathways underlying nasal epithelial inflammation have ushered in the era of personalized medicine for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Research progress has led to the approval of several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for severe CRSwNP, demonstrating promising outcomes in both clinical trials and real-world settings. Similarly, evolution in surgical techniques has enhanced progression-free survival due to the development of novel approaches. This narrative review summarizes current evidence comparing medical and surgical options for CRSwNP.Recent findings: There is general consensus that surgery is most effective in reducing nasal polyp size (NPS), while mAbs appears to provide greater benefits in terms of quality-of-life measures and olfactory function. Overall, surgery has shown higher long-term cost-effectiveness, although this could change with the upcoming patent expirations of mAbs. Additionally, head-to-head trials will allow for a direct comparison of the effectiveness of different mAbs in disease-specific outcomes.Summary: The high heterogeneity among studies has limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions through meta-analyses. To date, endoscopic sinus surgery remains the preferred option for surgery-naive patients, while individuals with recalcitrant CRSwNP and confirmed type-2 inflammation should be considered for mAb treatment.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"293-299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing precision medicine for asthma by focusing on type 2 cytokines and alarmins. 通过关注2型细胞因子和警报器推进哮喘的精准医学。

IF 3 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001081

Remo Poto, Andrea Portacci, Rory Chan, Gianluca Lagnese, Mattia Giovannini, Gilda Varricchi

{"title":"Advancing precision medicine for asthma by focusing on type 2 cytokines and alarmins.","authors":"Remo Poto, Andrea Portacci, Rory Chan, Gianluca Lagnese, Mattia Giovannini, Gilda Varricchi","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001081","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001081","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease encompassing distinct phenotypes and endotypes. Advances in elucidating the pathogenic role of type 2 (T2) cytokines and epithelial-derived alarmins have profoundly reshaped our understanding of airway inflammation in asthma. This review provides an updated perspective on how these mediators contribute to asthma pathobiology and examines their integration into emerging precision medicine strategies.Recent findings: Biologic agents targeting T2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and alarmins (TSLP and IL-33) have demonstrated efficacy across a broad spectrum of severe asthma phenotypes. Recent evidence underscores the central role of alarmins in orchestrating both innate and adaptive immune responses within the airways. In parallel, the development of alarmin-associated molecular and clinical biomarkers is expanding patient stratification beyond traditional eosinophilic and allergic profiles.Summary: Advancing our understanding of alarmins and T2 cytokines offers new opportunities to refine asthma endotyping, personalize therapeutic decisions, and pursue sustained disease remission. Future directions include the integration of multiomics, real-world evidence, and novel biomarker platforms to consolidate the next phase of precision medicine in asthma and optimize long-term disease modification strategies.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"269-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of patients with tuberculosis medication-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. 伴有嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身性症状的结核病患者药物致药物反应的处理。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000001084

Jonny Peter, Helen Hoenck, Rannakoe Lehloenya

{"title":"Management of patients with tuberculosis medication-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.","authors":"Jonny Peter, Helen Hoenck, Rannakoe Lehloenya","doi":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001084","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACI.0000000000001084","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is rising globally, and TB medication-associated drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) presents a significant clinical challenge, particularly in people living with HIV (PLH). Treatment interruption during active TB, especially with comorbid immunosuppression can be detrimental. This review highlights global variations in management practices and emphasizes the need for a more personalized approach to care.Recent findings: Timely cessation of the suspected medication, supportive care, and topical corticosteroids remain central to DRESS management. However, the routine use of systemic corticosteroids remains debated, as good outcomes from topical steroids alone have been observed, especially in TB/HIV co-infected patients. Efforts to reduce TB treatment interruption have driven interest in the use of shortened TB regimens, sequential additive drug challenge (SADC) with stat dose intravenous corticosteroids to limit positive drug challenge morbidity, and even desensitization protocols. Although not yet widely adopted, these strategies show promise in reintroducing first-line TB drugs, limiting treatment interruptions. Management remains complex, with prolonged hospital stays and high healthcare costs continuing to drive innovation.Summary: The findings support a move towards personalized approaches to TB-DRESS management, with future efforts focused on integrating clinical, genomic, and in-vitro tools to guide risk-stratified reintroduction of TB medications.","PeriodicalId":10956,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0