Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Ponte Osteotomy on Vertebral Rotation in Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ali Rezazadeh Shirazi, Ghazal Shahbakhsh, Sepehr Mehrpouyan, Mark Zayouna, Ali Bahman, Karim Gaber, Waleed Kishta","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-10003-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-10003-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Ponte osteotomy (PO) is frequently used in corrective surgery, yet its specific effect on vertebral rotation correction remains unclear. This study systematically reviewed the literature to compare PO with alternative techniques in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Following PRISMA methodology, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for comparative studies assessing axial rotation outcomes in idiopathic scoliosis treated with or without PO. The primary outcome was vertebral rotation correction.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Six studies were included, encompassing a total of 439 patients with mean ages ranging from 13.5 ± 2.8 to 17.5 ± 3.7 years. Most study populations were predominantly female in four studies, predominantly male in one, and evenly distributed in one. Two studies showed a meaningful improvement in postoperative thoracic rotation in the PO group compared to inferior facetectomy (IF). Other studies found PO to be superior to IF and posterior spinal fusion (PSF), although these differences were not statistically significant, except for one study that reported a statistically significant advantage of PO over PSF. No meaningful superiority was observed when comparing PO with skip pedicle screw fixation. Overall, intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were similar between PO and non-PO groups, although one study reported a higher rate of intraoperative neuromonitoring changes and reoperations in the PO group. Most studies to date have found that PO is associated with superior vertebral rotation outcomes compared to IF and PSF, with only half showing statistical significance. PO is also linked to longer operative time and greater blood loss, warranting further high-quality studies to clarify its risk-benefit profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12764732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145891826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Classroom to Clinic: A Scoping Review of Critical Thinking and Decision-Making in Orthopaedic Education for Medical Students and Residents.","authors":"Jamie Rosen, Prerna Kartik, Martinique Vella-Baldacchino","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-10002-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-10002-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review examines existing literature on how orthopaedic education develops critical thinking and decision-making in medical students and residents.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for English-language studies published between 2015 and 2025. Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Most involved residents (n = 19), fewer focused on medical students (n = 8), and one included both groups (n = 1). Five themes were identified: technology-enhanced learning, reflective and analytical practice, mentorship and professional development, curriculum design and integration, and assessment and feedback. Simulation and digital tools improved procedural reasoning and engagement. Reflection and mentorship supported analytical and diagnostic skills. Non-operative and outpatient decision-making were rarely explored. Orthopaedic education increasingly uses technology and active learning. However, structured development of critical thinking and decision-making remains limited, especially outside surgical settings and early training. Embedding reasoning, reflection, and mentorship in curricula may better connect classroom learning with clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12722595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between the Lumbopelvic Spine and Hip in Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients.","authors":"Jacob E Milner, Allison Morgan, Jahnya Brown, Jonathan Westafer, Thomas Youm, Daniel J Kaplan","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09999-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09999-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: Though Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is thought of as primarily a hip condition an increasing body of evidence has demonstrated the existence of a relationship between the hip joint and lumbopelvic spine, termed the hip-spine syndrome (HSS). This review will provide an overview of the relevant pelvic parameters, proper HSS patient evaluation, describe how lumbar pathology may mechanistically affect the hip, provide a literature review of biomechanic and outcome papers exploring the subject, and finally investigate potential interventions that can be considered in these challenging patients. RECENT FINDINGS: Deviations from normal ranges in pelvic parameters have been shown in biomechanical studies to worsen FAI by decreasing the range of impingement free motion. The clinical relevance of this is still being determined. Patients with concomitant lumbar spine pathology may significantly improve after hip arthroscopy, though they may have a lower ceiling than comparable patients without lumbar spine pathology. Surgeons and patients should be aware of the HSS. Alterations in pelvic parameters may affect outcomes, though this still has to be determined. Patients with lumbar spine pathology and FAI can still be treated successfully with hip arthroscopy, though should be counseled appropriately. </p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12708429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy and Efficiency of GPT-5 for Automated Title and Abstract Screening in Orthopedic Surgery Systematic Reviews.","authors":"Prushoth Vivekanantha, Helena Son, Luca Bernardini, Marc Daniel Bouchard, Olufemi R Ayeni, Jeffrey Kay","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-10001-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-10001-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To analyze the efficacy and efficiency of current large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-5 in screening titles and abstracts for three review topics within different subspecialties in orthopedics.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Python scripts were developed to call on the GPT-5 model via OpenAIs application programming interface (API). Two human reviewers simultaneously performed screening based on the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. Performance metrics such as specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and F1 scores for GPT-5 were calculated based on a gold-standard inclusion and exclusion list developed by a third human adjudicator. Efficiency metrics included total cost and time to completion for each task. The number of titles and abstracts to screen ranged between 668 and 1,131 amongst the three review topics. All performance metrics were above 92.3% amongst all three topics, with sensitivities ranging from 94.1%-100%. Time to completion ranged between 38.5-174.3 minutes. Cost ranged from $1.32-$3.73USD GPT-5 demonstrated exceptional accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and F1 scores in automating title and abstract screening for three orthopedic systematic review topics in three different subspecialties. Results are similar to previous studies investigating the role of AI for screening, specifically increased accuracy and time-to-completion relative to humans. The average rate of screening ranged from 6.5-17.4 abstracts per minute and the average price ranged from $0.002-$0.0036USD per abstract, suggesting a high degree of efficiency compared to current standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145653711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Common Tendinopathies.","authors":"T Jason Meredith, Hannah Hornsby, Jackson Bagby, Scott Goodsell","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09993-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09993-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Tendinopathy is a common cause of musculoskeletal morbidity, resulting in frequent visits to primary care providers, orthopedists, and urgent care clinics. Six common regions of tendinopathy are discussed in this article, including up to date findings in their clinical history and exam findings, special testing, imaging, and treatment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Point of care musculoskeletal ultrasound has gained popularity as a tool in the diagnosis of various tendinopathies. Advanced interventions, including extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and injections modalities such as platelet rich plasma (PRP) are becoming more common in the treatment of tendinopathy; however, the evidence for these interventions is mixed with most providing some short-term relief in symptoms but no long-term improvement in outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Point of care musculoskeletal ultrasound has gained popularity as a tool in the diagnosis of various tendinopathies. Advanced interventions, including extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and injections modalities such as platelet rich plasma (PRP) are becoming more common in the treatment of tendinopathy; however, the evidence for these interventions is mixed with most providing some short-term relief in symptoms but no long-term improvement in outcomes. The diagnosis of tendinopathy often remains a clinical diagnosis with the mainstay of treatment remaining activity modification, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatories for acute pain control. Recovery time is widely variable between patients and conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"620-626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Planning for Spine Surgery.","authors":"Iyad S Ali, Yianni Bakaes, James S MacLeod, Tony Y Lee, Sia Cho, Wellington K Hsu","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09992-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09992-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>There has been an expanding role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in spine surgery, particularly in operative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative management. With a focus on patient-specific surgical strategies, AI technologies offer new possibilities for improving surgical accuracy, reducing risks, and enhancing patient outcomes in spine care.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>AI models have shown strong accuracy in preoperative planning, with neural networks outperforming traditional algorithms in patient selection and outcome prediction. Advances in 3D modeling, supported by machine learning, enable efficient, patient-specific anatomical reconstructions, reducing manual segmentation time from hours to seconds. In intraoperative navigation, AI-driven virtual and augmented reality systems enhance screw placement precision and reduce radiation exposure by up to 90%, improving workflow and safety. Additionally, real-time AI-based decision support has decreased operative time and postoperative risks, while postoperative AI applications now support mortality risk stratification and discharge planning, yielding significant predictive accuracy for adverse events and extended stays. AI technologies are transforming spine surgery by increasing surgical precision, optimizing clinical workflows, and personalizing patient care. While challenges remain regarding data diversity and ethical considerations, ongoing innovations indicate that AI will continue to refine spine surgery through personalized and efficient care solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"627-634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144946071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language Barriers in the Delivery of Musculoskeletal Care and Future Directions.","authors":"Edgar Garcia-Lopez, Jamieson O'Marr, Rachel Gottlieb, Katherine Rebecca Miclau, Nirav Pandya","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09986-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09986-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Examine how language barriers impact musculoskeletal care in the United States, particularly for patients with non-English language preference (NELP), and to highlight strategies to improve equity in orthopaedic outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: In the U.S., 24.5 million individuals have NELP, yet few orthopaedic surgeons are proficient in non-English languages. NELP is consistently associated with worse postoperative outcomes, lower patient-reported outcome scores, and disparities in access to care. Studies have shown that language discordance contributes to miscommunication, reduced satisfaction, and suboptimal recovery. Despite federal mandates requiring interpreter services, access remains inconsistent, and many institutions fall short in providing language-concordant care. Recent research supports interventions such as professional interpreter use, language-concordant provider matching, multilingual discharge instructions, validated non-English PROMs, as well as the use of artificial intelligence. Language-related disparities in orthopaedic surgery are well-documented but under-addressed. Improving equity for patients with NELP will require system-wide efforts to standardize interpreter access, expand language-concordant care, and integrate emerging tools such as artificial intelligence to support communication across the surgical continuum. </p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"559-567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Based Differences Femoroacetabular Impingement and Hip Arthroscopy.","authors":"Haley E Smith, Andrea M Spiker","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09988-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09988-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hip arthroscopy is an effective surgical procedure to treat intra-articular hip pathology including femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tears. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on sex-based differences in the pathology, presentation, surgical management, and outcomes of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hip arthroscopy.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging evidence indicates distinct morphological and clinical patterns of FAI between sexes. Cam-type morphology is more prevalent in males, whereas females more frequently present with pincer morphology and generalized joint hypermobility. Sex-specific differences in acetabular and femoral version, pelvic anatomy, and ligamentous laxity may contribute to variable symptomatology and diagnostic challenges. Postoperative outcomes following hip arthroscopy also appear to vary, with some studies reporting inferior outcome scores in females while others report no differences based on patient sex. Sex-based anatomical and biomechanical differences in FAI are clinically significant and may impact diagnosis, treatment strategy, and surgical outcomes. Recognizing and addressing these distinctions can optimize outcomes for both male and female patients. Continued research is needed to refine our understanding sex-specific etiology, pathology, and management approaches to ultimately improve long-term hip preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"577-584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing.","authors":"Flynn P McGuire, Riley Martinez, Annika Lenz, Lee Skinner, Daniel M Cushman","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This scoping review aims to evaluate the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and safety concerns of Body Protective Compound-157 (BPC-157) in the context of musculoskeletal healing. Given the compound’s increasing availability, popularity, and its regulatory controversies, we sought to assess the breadth and quality of preclinical and clinical data supporting its use in musculoskeletal medicine. RECENT FINDINGS: BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide originally isolated from gastric juice and has demonstrated regenerative properties across numerous animal models. It activates several overlapping pathways, notably VEGFR2 and nitric oxide synthesis via the Akt-eNOS axis, promoting angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and neuromuscular stabilization. It also engages ERK1/2 signaling, facilitates endothelial and muscle repair, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. These effects promote angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and neuromuscular stabilization, particularly in poorly vascularized tissues such as tendons and myotendinous junctions. Despite broad preclinical support, human data are extremely limited. Only three pilot studies have examined BPC-157 in humans, including its use for intraarticular knee pain, interstitial cystitis, and intravenous safety/pharmacokinetics. No adverse effects were reported, but rigorous, large-scale trials are lacking. BPC-157 demonstrates robust regenerative and cytoprotective effects in preclinical studies, positioning it as a potentially valuable tool in musculoskeletal medicine. Despite its growing popularity among athletes and its wide availability through non-regulated sources, there is minimal human data available. Until well-designed clinical trials are conducted, BPC-157 should be considered investigational, and its use approached with caution. This review highlights that given the robust preclinical evidence and high public interest, there is a critical need for well-designed human trials to assess the safety, efficacy, and clinical utility of BPC-157 in musculoskeletal medicine. </p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"611-619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Common Intraoperative Mistakes and Techniques for Error Recovery.","authors":"Kevin C Wang, Timothy Keeley, Drew A Lansdown","doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09947-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12178-025-09947-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure among general orthopedists, and is a logged procedure required for graduation from accredited orthopaedic residency programs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>ACL reconstruction surgery has a number of critical steps, and intraoperative errors can significantly impact the success rate and morbidity of this operation. Technical errors are frequently cited as some of the most common reasons for ACL reconstruction failure. This narrative review provides low-volume surgeons and trainees with an overview of the common errors that can be made during the critical steps of an ACL reconstruction procedure. We suggest technical points for avoiding commonly-encountered errors and provide a description of evidence-supported error recovery techniques to address these errors if they occur intraoperatively. These key steps include femoral tunnel creation, tibial tunnel creation, graft harvest and preparation, and graft fixation within the tunnels. We discuss a number of primary and backup fixation strategies as well as all commonly used autografts (bone-patellar tendon-bone, hamstring, and quadriceps tendon). Additionally, we provide a brief overview on address intra-operative graft contamination citing currently available evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10950,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"645-657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}