Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS最新文献_第3页

Development of screening assays for use of broadly neutralizing antibodies in people with HIV. 开发用于广泛中和抗体的HIV感染者筛选试验。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000798

Rebecca M Lynch, Katharine J Bar

{"title":"Development of screening assays for use of broadly neutralizing antibodies in people with HIV.","authors":"Rebecca M Lynch, Katharine J Bar","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000798","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Treatment with combinations of complementary broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has increased the proportion of participants for whom bnAbs can maintain virus suppression upon cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). There remains, however, a population of trial participants who experience virus rebound despite high plasma concentrations of bnAbs. Thus, baseline resistance remains a critical barrier to the efficacy of bnAbs for use in the treatment and cure of HIV, and the development of a screening assay to guide bnAb selection is a high priority.Recent findings: There are two conceptual approaches to assess the putative rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir for bnAb sensitivity: to assess neutralization sensitivity of reactivated virus in outgrowth assays and sequence-based approaches that include a selection for intact genomes and assessment of known resistance mutations within the env gene. Currently, the only phenotypic assay for bnAb screening that is clinical laboratory improvement amendments certified (CLIA certified) and available for clinical trial use is Monogram Biosciences' PhenoSense HIV Neutralizing Antibody Assay.Summary: Several new approaches for screening are currently under development and future screening methods must address three issues. First, complete sampling of the reservoir may be impossible, and determination of the relevance of partial sampling is needed. Second, multiple lines of evidence indicate that in vitro neutralization measures are at least one correlate of in vivo bnAb activity that should be included in screening, but more research is needed on how to use in vitro neutralization assays and other measures of antibody functions and measures of other antibody features. Third, the feasibility of screening assays must be a priority. A feasible, predictive bnAb screening assay will remain relevant until a time when bnAb combinations are substantially more broad and potent.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 4","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10493449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Polyfunctionality of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. 广泛中和的HIV-1抗体的多功能性。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000799

Lou-Léna Vrignaud, Olivier Schwartz, Timothée Bruel

{"title":"Polyfunctionality of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies.","authors":"Lou-Léna Vrignaud, Olivier Schwartz, Timothée Bruel","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000799","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The discovery of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) has provided a framework for vaccine design and created new hope toward an HIV-1 cure. These antibodies recognize the HIV-1 Envelope and inhibit viral fusion with unprecedented breadth and potency. Beyond their unique neutralization capacity, bNAbs also activate immune cells and interfere with viral spread through nonneutralizing activities. Here, we review the landscape of bNAbs functions and their contribution to clinical efficacy.Recent findings: Parallel evaluation of bNAbs nonneutralizing activities using in vivo and in vitro models have revealed how their importance varies across antibodies and strains. Nonneutralizing bNAbs functions target both infected cells and viral particles, leading to their destruction through various mechanisms. Reservoir targeting and prevention in context of suboptimal neutralization highly depends on bNAbs polyfunctionality. We recently showed that bNAbs tether virions at the surface of infected cells, impairing release and forming immune complexes, with consequences that are still to be understood.Summary: Nonneutralizing activities of bNAbs target infected cells, virions, and immune complexes, promoting viral clearance and possibly improving immune responses. We review how these functions participate to the efficacy of bNAbs and how they can be manipulated to improve bNAbs therapies.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 4","pages":"178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10129758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The origins of new SARS-COV-2 variants in immunocompromised individuals. 免疫功能低下个体中新的SARS-COV-2变体的起源

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000794

Anna C Riddell, Teresa Cutino-Moguel

引用次数: 1

The intertwined epidemics of HIV and COVID-19 - emerging data and responses. 艾滋病毒和新冠肺炎相互交织的流行病——新出现的数据和应对措施。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000792

Matthew Spinelli, Monica Gandhi, Agostino Riva

引用次数: 0

Long COVID in people living with HIV. 艾滋病毒感染者的长期COVID。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000789

Michael J Peluso, Annukka A R Antar

引用次数: 0

The effect of HIV on COVID-19 vaccine responses. 艾滋病毒对COVID-19疫苗反应的影响

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000790

Itzchak Levy, Galia Rahav

{"title":"The effect of HIV on COVID-19 vaccine responses.","authors":"Itzchak Levy, Galia Rahav","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000790","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) may have a moderately increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection, especially if viral load is not controlled and if they are immunosuppressed. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is the most effective measure to prevent morbidity and mortality. However, individuals with HIV/AIDS may have less protection after vaccination. The purpose of this review is to summarize some of the recent studies focused on examining the safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Recent findings: The safety of all anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among PLWH is not different from the safety of these vaccines among HIV-negative individuals and is acceptable. PLWH with viral suppression and immune reconstitution (CD4 + cell count > 350 cells/μl) may reach almost same immunogenicity such as people without HIV albeit antibody levels and neutralization may decline more rapidly than in people without HIV. PLWH with viremia or immunosuppressed, especially AIDS, have less immunogenicity.Summary: Full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is a well tolerated and efficient way to prevent mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 among PLWH and AIDS patients. It is very important to follow recommended booster vaccination for a continuous and prompt immunogenicity.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 3","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10195196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The severity of COVID-19 across the spectrum of HIV. 新冠肺炎在艾滋病毒范围内的严重程度。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000791

Kathleen W Miller, Rajesh T Gandhi

{"title":"The severity of COVID-19 across the spectrum of HIV.","authors":"Kathleen W Miller, Rajesh T Gandhi","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000791","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000791","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: We review the intersection between the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics, particularly the impact of HIV infection on the development of severe COVID-19.Recent findings: Studies early in the COVID-19 pandemic did not find a clear link between HIV infection and increased COVID-19 severity or mortality. People with HIV (PWH) were more likely to have severe COVID-19, but much of the risk for worse outcomes was related to high rates of comorbidities and social determinants of health. Although comorbidities and social determinants of health are certainly critically important reasons for severe COVID-19 among PWH, recent large studies have found HIV infection - particularly when the CD4 cell count is low or HIV RNA is not suppressed - is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity. The link between HIV and severe COVID-19 highlights the need to diagnose and treat HIV as well as the importance of COVID-19 vaccination and treatment among PWH.Summary: People with HIV have faced increased challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic because of high rates of comorbidities and social determinants of health as well as the impact of HIV on COVID-19 severity. Information on the intersection of the two pandemics has been crucial to improving care for people with HIV.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 3","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10141906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barriers and facilitators related to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake among people living with HIV. 与艾滋病毒感染者接受和使用COVID-19疫苗有关的障碍和促进因素。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000788

Kristen D Krause, Rafael E Pérez-Figueroa, Perry N Halkitis

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators related to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake among people living with HIV.","authors":"Kristen D Krause, Rafael E Pérez-Figueroa, Perry N Halkitis","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000788","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review reports on the myriad barriers and facilitators related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and factors contribution to uptake among people living with HIV (PLWH) globally published over the past year (2021-2022).Recent findings: Across the literature, participants indicated concerns about the safety, efficacy and overall rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine as a reason for delaying or not being vaccinated. Medical mistrust and perceptions about the risk of COVID-19 immune response and severity also played a role in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH. Almost every study examined different sociodemographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and uptake, and although strong themes emerged around race/ethnicity, sex and educational attainment, the results were mixed across other characteristics, including age. Some studies also examined medical factors specifically related to PLWH including CD4 + cell count and adherence to antiretroviral therapy.Summary: The findings highlight individual, structural and social differences in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake among PLWH, which are varied throughout the world. We call on researchers and interventionists to not just consider the role of medical mistrust and disinformation, but also how emotional, financial and political vulnerability plays into making decisions around COVID-19 vaccine uptake and overall healthcare.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 3","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10195197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000795

引用次数: 0

Gender and sex considerations in HIV and bone health. 艾滋病毒和骨骼健康中的性别和性别考虑。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000780

Mei J Tang, Adrian Alexander, Jennifer F Hoy

{"title":"Gender and sex considerations in HIV and bone health.","authors":"Mei J Tang, Adrian Alexander, Jennifer F Hoy","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000780","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: People with HIV (PWHIV) are at increased risk for osteoporosis and fractures, because of the effects of HIV and inflammation and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation as well as traditional risk factors. This review from recent literature focuses on sex differences in rates of bone disease, risk of fractures, and effects of ART.Recent findings: Women with HIV in resource-constrained settings experience bone loss because of the additive effect of initiating TDF-containing ART during pregnancy, lactation, and menopause. Children and adolescents experience lower bone accrual during the pubertal growth years. There has been less focus on bone health in recent trials of ART containing tenofovir alafenamide and/or integrase inhibitors. Very few clinical trials or studies compare sex-specific changes in inflammation, immune activation, response to ART and bone turnover or change in BMD resulting in significant knowledge gaps.Summary: More data is needed to determine changes in prevalence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures in the era of immediate initiation of ART at high CD4 cell counts and the use of more bone-friendly ART. The long-term effects of ART and low bone mass on fractures in the ageing population of PWHIV is yet to be realized.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 2","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1