Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS最新文献

Recent data on the role of antiretroviral therapy in weight gain and obesity in persons living with HIV. 关于抗逆转录病毒疗法对艾滋病毒感染者体重增加和肥胖所起作用的最新数据。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000833

Jacqueline Capeau, Claire Lagathu, Véronique Béréziat

引用次数: 0

Anticipating HIV viral escape - resistance to active and passive immunization. 预测HIV病毒逃逸-对主动和被动免疫的抵抗。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000816

Carolyn Williamson, Rebecca M Lynch, Penny L Moore

{"title":"Anticipating HIV viral escape - resistance to active and passive immunization.","authors":"Carolyn Williamson, Rebecca M Lynch, Penny L Moore","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000816","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000816","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Active and passive immunization strategies are challenged by the extraordinary diversity of HIV, and the need for high titers of neutralizing antibodies to confer protective immunity. This review summarises recent studies and the barrier that these interventions will need to overcome to prevent viral resistance.Recent findings: Studies from the antibody mediated prevention trial identified a measure of protective titers, finding that higher titers than anticipated will be needed to prevent infection. This benchmark has advanced our ability to predict combinations of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that will provide optimal coverage. To limit escape, these combinations should ensure that the majority of viruses are bound by a minimum of two antibodies. The characterization of currently circulating viruses has revealed increased resistance to some bNAbs over time, highlighting the need for continued surveillance, especially in under-studied populations and subtypes. Active vaccination will face similar challenges in combating diversity, although despite successes in germline targeting, this approach is not yet able to elicit bNAbs.Summary: Cumulatively these studies highlight the need to target multiple antibody epitopes for maximum coverage, but also to restrict escape pathways. Successful immunization strategies should anticipate viral escape and devise strategies to counteract this.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"342-348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10172297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accelerating HIV vaccine development through meaningful engagement of local scientists and communities. 通过当地科学家和社区的有意义参与，加速艾滋病毒疫苗的开发。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000815

Kundai Chinyenze, Eunice Nduati, Vincent Muturi-Kioi

{"title":"Accelerating HIV vaccine development through meaningful engagement of local scientists and communities.","authors":"Kundai Chinyenze, Eunice Nduati, Vincent Muturi-Kioi","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000815","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000815","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: There is a need to conduct multiple experimental medicine trials in regions with significant burden of disease to ensure the global relevance of vaccines under development including the African context.Recent findings: African scientists can support accelerated HIV vaccine development by leading EMVTs in the region in a complementary fashion to global efforts and augment evidence generated to optimize and advance relevant vaccines towards licensure. The ADVANCE program enables EMVTs, where local scientists lead trial implementation and immunogenicity endpoint analysis of promising vaccine approaches. Concerted efforts towards scientific collaboration, enhancing specific clinical and lab capacity, and improving ethical and regulatory systems to review EMVTs in Africa will be catalytic. Appropriate engagement of local communities and stakeholders will be equally important, and the field needs to refine existing research literacy approaches to effectively partner with communities around current complex scientific approaches. Review of inclusion of relevant populations in early research is also needed.Summary: African scientists and communities can help accelerate HIV vaccine development through stronger global collaboration. Now is the time for bold investments to enable the conduct of innovative EMVTs in Africa where the eventual vaccines will have the greatest impact.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"284-289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/72/cohiv-18-284.PMC10552803.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guiding HIV-1 vaccine development with preclinical nonhuman primate research. 指导临床前非人灵长类动物研究的HIV-1疫苗开发。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000819

James A Counts, Kevin O Saunders

{"title":"Guiding HIV-1 vaccine development with preclinical nonhuman primate research.","authors":"James A Counts, Kevin O Saunders","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000819","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000819","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the review: Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are seen as the closest animal model to humans in terms of anatomy and immune system makeup. Here, we review how preclinical studies in this model system are teaching the field of HIV vaccinology the basic immunology that is needed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) with vaccination and elicit protective T cell responses. These lessons are being translated into clinical trials to advance towards protective active vaccination against HIV-1 infection.Recent findings: Preclinical vaccination studies in NHPs have shown that highly engineered HIV-1 immunogens can initiate bnAb precursors providing proof of concept for Phase I clinical trials. Additionally, NHP models of HIV-1 infection are elucidating the pathways for bnAb development while serving as systems to evaluate vaccine protection. Innovative immunization strategies have increased affinity maturation of HIV-1 antibodies in long-lived germinal centers. Preclinical studies in macaques have defined the protective level of neutralizing antibodies and have shown that T cell responses can synergize with antibody-mediated immunity to provide protection in the presence of lower neutralizing antibody titers.Summary: The NHP model provides vaccine regimens and desired antibody and T cell responses that serve as benchmarks for clinical trials, accelerating HIV vaccine design.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"315-322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10242315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery medicine - the HVTN's iterative approach to developing an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing vaccine. 探索医学-HVTN开发HIV-1广泛中和疫苗的迭代方法。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000821

Troy M Martin, Sam T Robinson, Yunda Huang

{"title":"Discovery medicine - the HVTN's iterative approach to developing an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing vaccine.","authors":"Troy M Martin, Sam T Robinson, Yunda Huang","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000821","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000821","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: In the past two decades, there has been an explosion in the discovery of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated vaccine strategies to induce them. This abundance of approaches necessitates a system that accurately and expeditiously identifies the most promising regimens. We herein briefly review the background science of bnAbs, provide a description of the first round of phase 1 discovery medicine studies, and suggest an approach to integrate these into a comprehensive HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine.Recent findings: With recent preclinical success including induction of early stage bnAbs in mouse knockin models and rhesus macaques, successful priming of VRC01-class bnAbs with eOD-GT8 in a recent study in humans, and proof-of-concept that intravenous infusion of VRC01 prevents sexual transmission of virus in humans, the stage is set for a broad and comprehensive bnAb vaccine program. Leveraging significant advances in protein nanoparticle science, mRNA technology, adjuvant development, and B-cell and antibody analyses, the HVTN has reconfigured its HIV-1 vaccine strategy by developing the Discovery Medicine Program to test promising vaccine candidates targeting six key epitopes.Summary: The HVTN Discovery Medicine program is testing multiple HIV-1-neutralizing vaccine candidates.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"290-299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/83/cohiv-18-290.PMC10552837.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10592206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Immunization during ART and ATI for HIV-1 vaccine discovery/development'. “用于HIV-1疫苗发现/开发的ART和ATI期间的免疫”。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000817

Leonidas Stamatatos

{"title":"'Immunization during ART and ATI for HIV-1 vaccine discovery/development'.","authors":"Leonidas Stamatatos","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000817","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000817","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Explore whether immunization with germline-targeting Env immunogens during ART, followed by ATI, leads to the identification of viral envelope glycoproteins (Envs) that promote and guide the full maturation of broadly neutralizing antibody responses.Recent findings: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) does not efficiently engage the germline precursors of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, Env-derived proteins specifically designed to precisely do that, have been recently developed. These 'germline-targeting' Env immunogens activate naïve B cells that express the germline precursors of bnAbs but by themselves cannot guide their maturation towards their broadly neutralizing forms. This requires sequential immunizations with heterologous sets of Envs. These 'booster' Envs are currently unknown.Summary: Combining germline-targeting Env immunization approaches during ART with ATI could lead to the identification of natural Envs that are responsible for the maturation of broadly neutralizing antibody responses during infection. Such Envs could then serve as booster immunogens to guide the maturation of glBCRs that have become activated by germline-targeting immunogens in uninfected subjects.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/2f/cohiv-18-309.PMC10552831.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10610010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The changing use and program costs of HIV-related laboratory testing over 20 years in an HIV cohort. 20年来艾滋病毒队列中艾滋病毒相关实验室检测的使用变化和项目成本

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000814

Jessica Dalere, Raynell Lang, Hartmut B Krentz, Brenda Beckthold, M John Gill

{"title":"The changing use and program costs of HIV-related laboratory testing over 20 years in an HIV cohort.","authors":"Jessica Dalere, Raynell Lang, Hartmut B Krentz, Brenda Beckthold, M John Gill","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000814","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000814","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The improved health of persons with HIV (PWH) resulting from antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to recommendations for reduced laboratory monitoring. We studied, for all PWH in care over 20 years at the Southern Alberta Clinic (SAC), Canada, the changing use and results of HIV-specific laboratory testing [i.e., CD4+ testing, plasma HIV viral load (PVL), and genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing (GART)].In this descriptive retrospective longitudinal cohort observational study, we examined HIV-specific laboratory testing for all PWH from 2000 to 2020 within the context of HIV-related health outcomes, program costs, and mortality.Recent findings: The number of PWH in care increased from 755 in 2000 to 2050 in 2020. Annual CD4+ testing per PWH increased from 2.7 per person in 2000 peaking to 3.5 in 2005 but decreasing to 1.4 by 2020. Annual PVL tests per PWH gradually decreased from 3.2 in 2000 to 2.0 in 2020. GART increased from 93 tests in 2000 to 315 in 2008 decreasing to 127 in 2020. Patients received GART at baseline, and after a viral breakthrough when indicated. Viral suppression rates for the population increased from 66 to 96%; median CD4+ cell count increased from 443 to 470 cells/μl, and overall morbidity decreased from 9.2 to 2.0% by 2020, respectively. Annual per patient laboratory costs decreased from a high of $302 in 2008 to $161 by 2020.Summary: The reduced annual laboratory surveillance per PWH associated with modern ART resulted in modest cost savings and no apparent loss in quality of HIV care.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 5","pages":"273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV-1 transcriptional modulation: novel host factors and prospective therapeutic strategies. HIV-1 转录调节：新型宿主因素和前瞻性治疗策略。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000808

Quentin M R Gibaut, Luisa P Mori, Susana T Valente

{"title":"HIV-1 transcriptional modulation: novel host factors and prospective therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Quentin M R Gibaut, Luisa P Mori, Susana T Valente","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000808","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000808","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review highlights advances in HIV transcription and epigenetic latency mechanisms and outlines current therapeutic approaches to eliminate or block the HIV-1 latent reservoir.Recent findings: Novel host factors have been reported to modulate HIV-1 transcription and latency. Chromatin affinity purification strategies followed by mass spectrometry (ChAP-MS) identified the chaperone protein p32 to play an important role in HIV-1 transcriptional regulation via interactions with the viral transcriptional activator Tat. Similarly, an shRNA screen identified the methyltransferase SMYD5 contributing to HIV-1 transcriptional activation also by modulating Tat activity. These new factors, among others, represent potential druggable targets that could be explored in the 'block-and-lock' or 'shock-and-kill' approaches.Summary: The HIV-1 latent reservoir is established early after infection, persists during antiretroviral therapy, and is the source of viral rebound after treatment interruption. An HIV cure requires either eliminating this reservoir or blocking latent proviral reactivation in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding the mechanisms and key-players modulating HIV transcriptional and reactivation may facilitate therapeutic advancements. Here we summarize, the latest findings on host factors' roles in HIV transcriptional regulation.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 5","pages":"264-272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9936290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decrypting biological hallmarks of aging in people with HIV. 破解艾滋病毒感染者衰老的生物学特征。

IF 4.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000810

Thomas A Premeaux, Lishomwa C Ndhlovu

{"title":"Decrypting biological hallmarks of aging in people with HIV.","authors":"Thomas A Premeaux, Lishomwa C Ndhlovu","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000810","DOIUrl":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000810","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: HIV infection adds further complexity to the heterogenous process of aging. In this focused review, we examine and discuss recent advances to better elucidate mechanisms of biological aging perturbed and accelerated in the context of HIV, particularly among those with viral suppression through the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). New hypotheses from these studies are poised to provide an improved understanding of multifaceted pathways that converge and likely form the basis for effective interventions toward successful aging.Recent findings: Evidence to date suggests multiple mechanisms of biological aging impact people living with HIV (PLWH). Recent literature delves and expands on how epigenetic alterations, telomere attrition, mitochondrial perturbations, and intercellular communications may underpin accelerated or accentuated aging phenotypes and the disproportionate prevalence of age-related complications among PLWH. Although most hallmarks of aging are likely exacerbated in the setting of HIV, ongoing research efforts are providing new insight on the collective impact these conserved pathways may have in the aging disease processes.Summary: New knowledge on underlying molecular disease mechanisms impacting people aging with HIV are reviewed. Also examined are studies that may facilitate the development and implementation of effective therapeutics and guidance on improving geriatric HIV clinical care.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":"18 5","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9931403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial introductions. 编辑介绍。

IF 4.1 3区医学

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000811

引用次数: 0